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388 results for “Squirrels”
Translocated native pine martens Martes martes alter short-term space use by invasive non-native grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis
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Data from: Phylogenomics of Amazonian squirrel monkeys (<em>Saimiri</em>: Primates, Cebidae)
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Feeding observations on the Grizzled Giant Squirrel at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats, India
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Cape ground squirrel site comparison dataset
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Seasonal bait uptake by individual grey squirrels measured by PIT-tags and Rhodamine B
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Data from: Multilevel and sex-specific selection on competitive traits in North American red squirrels.
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Data from: Recent, intricate speciation in Amazonia uncovered by a multilayered genomic analysis of tree squirrels
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Data from: Impacts of inference method and dataset filtering on phylogenomic resolution in a rapid radiation of ground squirrels (Xerinae: Marmotini)
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Data from: Gliding dragons and flying squirrels: diversifying versus stabilizing selection on morphology following the evolution of an innovation
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Evolution of Pelage Luminance in squirrels (Sciuridae)
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Data and MATLAB files for: Timescale analyses of fluctuations in coexisting populations of a native and invasive tree squirrel
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Data for: Cytoprotection by a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 in Arctic ground squirrel neural progenitor cells
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Measuring personality traits in Eurasian red squirrels: a critical comparison of different methods
<p>Data and R code used for the analysis of Eurasian red squirrels (<em>Sciurus vulgaris</em>) personality traits derived from open field test (activity, shyness, exploration) and capture-mark-recapture data (trappability/trap-diversity).</p>
Data from: The molecular basis of venom resistance in a rattlesnake-squirrel predator-prey system
Understanding how interspecific interactions mould the molecular basis of adaptations in coevolving species is a long-sought goal of evolutionary biology. Venom in predators and venom resistance proteins in prey are coevolving molecular phenotypes, and while venoms are highly complex mixtures it is unclear if prey respond with equally complex resistance traits. Here we use a novel molecular methodology based on protein affinity columns to capture and identify candidate blood serum resistance proteins ('Venom Interactive Proteins' – VIPs) in California Ground Squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) that interact with venom proteins from their main predator, Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus o. oreganus). This assay showed that serum-based resistance is both population- and species-specific, with serum proteins from ground squirrels showing higher binding affinities for venom proteins of local snakes compared to allopatric individuals. Venom protein specificity assays identified numerous and diverse candidate prey resistance VIPs but also potential targets of venom in prey tissues. Many specific VIPs bind to multiple snake venom proteins and, conversely, single venom proteins bind multiple VIPs, demonstrating that a portion of the squirrel blood serum "resistome" involves broad-based inhibition of non-self proteins and suggests that resistance involves a toxin scavenging mechanism. Analyses of rates of evolution of VIP protein homologs in related mammals show that most of these proteins evolve under purifying selection possibly due to molecular constraints that limit the evolutionary responses of prey to rapidly evolving snake venom proteins. Our method represents a general approach to identify specific proteins involved in coevolutionary interactions between species at the molecular level.
Vocalizations of the squirrel family
<p>The dataset <b>Squirrel_Calls</b> is a collection of vocal records (defined as primary literature that numerically describes the vocalization of at least 1 squirrel species) where each row corresponds to a single call type of one species. The details of the row include a summary of the literature metadata, categorical descriptions of the call and the caller as well as numerical values of the call frequencies. The dataset <b>Squirrel_Ecological_Traits</b> is a corresponding set of ecological traits for all the species listed in the Squirrel_Calls dataset. The traits listed (mass, time partitioning, gliding capabilities, habitat, and sociality) reflect hypotheses and predictions explored in the associated article. At the end of this document, there is a complete list of the literature references used to assemble these datasets. <b>Squirrel_Script </b>is the R script used to produce the statistics and models used in the corresponding paper. <b>Squirrel_Tree </b>is a nexus file compiling the data of 1000 trees downloaded from VertLife.org which were subsetted from their published mammalian supertree. The nexus file was used in the R script.</p>
Museomics of tree squirrels: a dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul
Background: Tree squirrels (Sciuridae, Sciurini), in particular the highly diverse Neotropical lineages, are amongst the most rapidly diversifying branches of the mammal tree of life but also some of the least known. Negligence of this group by phylogeneticists is likely a product of the scarcity or unavailability of fresh tissue samples for DNA sequencing. Lack of comprehensive phylogenies result in highly discrepant taxonomic arrangements that are based exclusively on morphological data—impressively, these are the only classification schemes available for the group. Here we used high-throughput sequencing and an unprecedented sampling effort of museum specimens to provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of tree squirrels, with a special emphasis on Neotropical taxa. Results: We gathered mitochondrial genome data from 232 modern and historical samples, representing 40 out of the 43 currently recognized species of Sciurini. We found no correlation between specimen age and completeness of mitogenomes recovered for historical samples. Our phylogenetic analyses—performed with datasets differing on levels of missing data and taxa under distinctanalytical methods— strongly support the monophyly of Sciurini and consistently recovered 12 major clades within the tribe. We found evidence that the diversity of Neotropical tree squirrels is underestimated, with at least seven lineages that might represent taxa to be named or revalidated. Ancestral state reconstructions of number of upper premolars and number of pairs of mammae indicated that alternative conditions of both characters must have evolved multiple times along the evolutionary history of tree squirrels. Conclusions: We were able to obtain complete mitogenomes for samples as old as 120 years, reinforcing the potential of historical samples for phylogenetic and evolutionary inferences of elusive lineages of the tree of life. None of the taxonomic arrangements ever proposed for tree squirrels fully corresponded to our phylogenetic reconstruction, with only a few of the currently recognized genera recovered as monophyletic. By investigating the evolution of two morphological traits widely employed in the taxonomy of the group, we revealed that their homoplastic nature can help to explain the incongruence between phylogenetic results and classification schemes presented so far, and we recommend a substantial taxonomic overhaul.
Data from: Range instability leads to cytonuclear discordance in a morphologically cryptic ground squirrel species complex
The processes responsible for cytonuclear discordance frequently remain unclear. Here, we employed an exon capture dataset and demographic methods to test hypotheses generated by species distribution models to examine how contrasting histories of range stability vs. fluctuation have caused cytonuclear concordance and discordance in ground squirrel lineages from the Otospermophilus beecheyi species complex. Previous studies in O. beecheyi revealed three morphologically cryptic and highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages (named the Northern, Central, and Southern lineages based on geography) with only the Northern lineage exhibiting concordant divergence for nuclear genes. Here, we showed that these mtDNA lineages likely formed in allopatry during the Pleistocene, but responded differentially to climatic changes that occurred since the last interglacial (~120,000 years ago). We find that the Northern lineage maintained a stable range throughout this period, correlating with genetic distinctiveness among all genetic markers and low migration rates with the other lineages. In contrast, our results suggested that the Southern lineage expanded from Baja California Sur during the Late Pleistocene to overlap and potentially swamp a contracting Central lineage. High rates of intraspecific gene flow between Southern lineage individuals among expansion origin and expansion edge populations largely eroded Central ancestry from autosomal markers. However, male-biased dispersal in this system preserved signals of this past hybridization and introgression event in matrilineal-biased X-chromosome and mtDNA markers. Our results highlight the importance of range stability in maintaining the persistence of phylogeographic lineages, whereas unstable range dynamics can increase the tendency for lineages to merge upon secondary contact.
Data from: Successful eradication of a suburban Pallas's squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas 1779) (Rodentia, Sciuridae) population in Flanders (northern Belgium)
Despite a growing catalogue of eradication projects, documented successful vertebrate eradications on the mainland remain scarce. Reporting on successful campaigns is crucial to counter pessimism on ambitious programmes to tackle invasive species and to allow conservation practitioners, wildlife managers and scientist to learn from previous experience. Moreover, there is a need for basic information on the effectiveness of control methods and management strategies that can be used. In this note we report on a successful low-tech eradication campaign of a local population of Pallas's squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus, a species of tree squirrel with documented ecological and socio-economic impacts in its invasive range. The population was eradicated from a suburban park of about 15 ha using baited mesh wire life traps, in five consecutive capture campaigns between October 2005 and January 2011. Using maximum likelihood estimation from catch-effort data we calculated initial densities in the park at 3 squirrels ha−1. Although control started quickly and the extent of the invasion was limited, the campaign took over 5 years and required an estimated investment of over €200,000 including 1.5 years of post-eradication surveying. We provide basic data on the methods used to eradicate this invasive rodent. Critical success factors and possible improvements with respect to the specific context of this case are discussed. Adding this species to the list of species of EU concern currently under development could provide incentive to minimise impact of this tree squirrel at the continental scale.
Data from: The secret life of ground squirrels: accelerometry reveals sex-dependent plasticity in above-ground activity
The sexes differ in how and when they allocate energy towards reproduction, but how this influences phenotypic plasticity in daily activity patterns is unclear. Here, we use collar-mounted light loggers and triaxial accelerometers to examine factors that affect time spent above ground and overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), an index of activity-specific energy expenditure, across the active season of free-living, semi-fossorial arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii). We found high day-to-day variability in time spent above ground and ODBA with most of the variance explained by environmental conditions known to affect thermal exchange. In both years, females spent more time below ground compared with males during parturition and early lactation; however, this difference was fourfold larger in the second year, possibly, because females were in better body condition. Daily ODBA positively correlated with time spent above ground in both sexes, but females were more active per unit time above ground. Consequently, daily ODBA did not differ between the sexes when females were early in lactation, even though females were above ground three to six fewer hours each day. Further, on top of having the additional burden of milk production, ODBA data indicate females also had fragmented rest patterns and were more active during late lactation. Our results indicate that sex differences in reproductive requirements can have a substantial influence on activity patterns, but the size of this effect may be dependent on capital resources accrued during gestation.
Data from: Queen palm fruit selection and foraging techniques by squirrels in the Atlantic Forest
Palm fruits are a significant resource for fauna worldwide, particularly in tropical regions. Such is the case for queen palm seeds (Syagrus romanzoffiana), which is a vital source of nutrients for the squirrel Guerlinguetus ingrami. This squirrel acts as seed predator, as well as seed disperser of this important palm for the frugivore community, but we don´t know how this squirrel select and manipulate the queen palm seeds. The objective of this study was to address three key topics: (1) investigate the squirrel's capacity to discern which of the fruit's three pores is the germinal orifice, which permits a more efficient opening of the fruit; (2) assess whether the thickness and size of the fruit endocarp influence the squirrel's selection during foraging; and (3) evaluate the intentionality of the rodents to prey on the invertebrates within the fruit. For this, we used behavioral experimentation techniques, controlling the predictor variables and observing the changes in the squirrel's behavior. We found that (1) the squirrel identified the germinal pore by its greater depth relative to the other pores; (2) the size and thickness of the fruit not influences the squirrel's choice; and (3) the squirrel prefers to consume fruits infested by invertebrates. The development of strategies to more efficiently open the queen palm fruit indicates the importance of this resource to the squirrels. In addition, due to the preference for invertebrates, the squirrel controls the population of these fruit parasites, providing a service to the population of palm trees.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.