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993 results for “T Dwarfs”
Fig. 1 in A new species of dwarf sea bass, genus Serranus (Serranidae: Actinopterygii), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Fig. 1. Serranus aliceae, holotype, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Arraial do Cabo, Ilha de Cabo Frio, Saco dos Ingleses, MNRJ 38911, 67.1 mm SL, just after collection. Photo by Osmar J. Luiz.
FIGURE 4 in A new dwarf armored catfish Pareiorhaphis (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Uruguai River basin, Southern Brazil
FIGURE 4 | Type-locality of Pareiorhaphis pumila, rio Ijuí below dam of Passo de São José hydropower reservoir, Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
FIGURE 2 in A new dwarf armored catfish Pareiorhaphis (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Uruguai River basin, Southern Brazil
FIGURE 2 | Pareiorhaphis species from the upper rio Uruguai basin, hypural plate, lateral view, left side. A. P. pumila, MCP 45899, paratype. B. P. hystrix, MCP 14348, paratype. C. P. vestigipinnis, MCP 14345, paratype. D. P. eurycephalus, MCP 22341. no = caudal-fin notch; hap = hypurapophysis. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new dwarf armored catfish Pareiorhaphis (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Uruguai River basin, Southern Brazil
FIGURE 1 | Pareiorhaphis pumila, holotype, MCP 54782, 48.2 mm SL, male, rio Ijuí below dam of Passo de São José hydropower reservoir, Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
FIGURE 3 in A new dwarf armored catfish Pareiorhaphis (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Uruguai River basin, Southern Brazil
FIGURE 3 | Distribution of Pareiorhaphis pumila in south Brazil. Star = holotype; dots = other specimens. Each symbol may represent more than one lot or locality.
Figure 3 in A new dwarf cichlid (Perciformes) from Nigeria
Figure 3. - Distribution map for Pelvicachromis species: (✛) P. humilis, (■) P. signatus, (●) P. rubrolabiatus, (▲) = P. roloffi, (▼) P. pulcher, (✜) P. taeniatus, (✕) P. kribensis, (✩) P. sacrimontis, (✫) P. silviae, (✷) P. subocellatus, (❉) P. sp. aff. taeniatus "Wouri".
Spectral evolution of hot hybrid white dwarfs I. Spectral analysis
<p>Hydrogen-rich white dwarfs (WDs) comprise the majority of the WD population, but are only rarely found at the very hot end of the WD cooling sequence. A small subgroup that exhibits both hydrogen and helium lines in their spectra, the so-called hybrid (or DAO) WDs, represents the majority of hydrogen-rich WDs at effective temperatures <em>T</em>eff<em> ≈ </em>100 kK. We aim to understand the spectral evolution of hot hybrid WDs. Although small in number, they represent an evolutionary phase for most (≈ 75 %) WDs. We conducted a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) analysis with fully metal line blanketed model atmospheres for the ultraviolet (UV) and optical spectra of a sample of 19 DA and 13 DAO WDs with <em>Teff </em>> 60 kK. The UV spectra allow us to precisely measure the temperature through model fits to metal lines in different ionization stages, which enables us to place the WDs accurately on the cooling sequence. Here we present model fits to the UV and optical spectra in our sample. Aditionally, the <em>T</em>eff, log <em>g</em>, and abundance values of our sample objectss are compared to previous studies. </p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee">https://gbif.org/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/eb1f92d6-b231-49e8-942a-23a304304304">https://bionomia.net/dataset/eb1f92d6-b231-49e8-942a-23a304304304</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/eb1f92d6-b231-49e8-942a-23a304304304">https://gbif.org/dataset/eb1f92d6-b231-49e8-942a-23a304304304</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Theoretical Models of Ultra-Cool Objects (Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets) Including Water Latent Heat Effect: Thermal Structure, Spectra, and Photometry
<p><strong>OVERVIEW</strong><br> Data presented here are from the work of Tang et al. (2021), which present a one-dimensional (vertical) atmospheric structure model for ultra-cool objects<br> that includes moist adiabatic convection (water latent heat release effect).<br> Model grids across a range of effective temperatures (350, 300, 250, 200 K), metallicities ([M/H] of 0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.5),<br> and gravities (logg of 4.0, 4.5, 4.7, 5.0) that mimic the atmosphere condition of Y-class brown dwarf and Free-Floating Planets.</p> <p><strong>ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL STRUCTURE</strong><br> The pressure-temperature profile are saved under the ./pT_profiles/, which have two folders:</p> <ol> <li>pT_profile_dry_adiabat: for dry adiabatic treatment.</li> <li>pT_profile_moist_adiabat: for moist adiabatic treatment.</li> </ol> <p>File name of each compressed files gives the effective temperature (Teff, in Kelvin), gravity (in MKS), and metallicity (in [M/H]) information as for example:<br> t200g100nc_m0.0.cmp.gz --> Teff of 200K, gravity as 100 m/s2, and [M/H]=0.0.</p> <p>The table formate of the pressure-temperature profile, i.e., the .cmp files, is made to work with the [<a href="https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/">PICASO software</a>](https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/).<br> Each .cmp file contains</p> <ul> <li>Column 01 (x) : atmosphere pressure level</li> <li>Column 02 (pressure) : atmosphere pressure in bar</li> <li>Column 03 (DEN) : atmosphere density in cm^{-3}</li> <li>Column 04 (temperature) : atmosphere temperature in kelvin</li> <li>Column 05-14 : molecule mixing ratios for H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3, CO, PH3, H2S, N2, CO2</li> <li>Column 15 (MU) : mean molecular weight in grams/mole</li> </ul> <p><strong>SPECTRA</strong><br> Model spectra are saved under the ./spectra/ with wavelength ranging from 1 to 30 micron.<br> File name of each compressed file gives the effective temperature (Teff, in Kelvin), gravity (in MKS), metallicity (in [M/H]), adiabatic treatment, and<br> the resolving power information as for example:<br> sp_t200_g100_m0.0_dry_R3000.csv.gz --> Teff of 200K, gravity as 100 m/s2, [M/H]=0.0, with dry adiabatic treatment, and R=3000.<br> Each spetrum .cv file contains two columns:</p> <ul> <li>Column 01 wavelength [micron]</li> <li>Column 02 Flux [W/m2/micron], the spectral fluxes are given at the top of the atmosphere, taken to be 1 Jupiter radius.</li> </ul> <p><strong>PHOTOMETRY</strong><br> Photometry data derived from the spectra at the top of the atmosphere (assuming one Jupiter radius) are given in the syn_photometry.csv.<br> Photometry filters are from the Mauna Kea Observatory (MKO) photometry system, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), and the<br> Spitzer Space Telescope. Filter profiles and Vega magnitude zero points are from the [<a href="http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/theory/fps/">SVO Filter Profile Service</a>](http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/theory/fps/)</p> <ul> <li>Column 01 (gravity) , gravity in MKS</li> <li>Column 02 (teff) , effective temperature in Kelvin</li> <li>Column 03 ([M/H]) , metallicity</li> <li>Column 04-12 , photometry magnitude for IRAC36, IRAC45, W1, W2, GiminiM, MKO_J, MKO_H, MKO_K, MKO_Lp all in Vega system.</li> <li>Column 13 (adiabatic), adiabatic treatment; D: dry adiabatic, M: moist adiabatic</li> </ul> <p><strong>CREDITS</strong><br> Please cite Tang et al. (2021, Astrophysical Journal, in press.)<br> [<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv210507000T/abstract">ADS link</a>](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv210507000T/abstract) if you used data here in your research.</p>
Fig. 7. Red-backed Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx rufidorsa. a–c in A taxonomic and conservation re-appraisal of all the birds on the island of Nias
Fig. 7. Red-backed Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx rufidorsa. a–c, an individual of the Nias endemic Ceyx [rufidorsa] captus caught at Bawolato; d, nominate subspecies Ceyx rufidorsa rufidorsa caught on neighbouring Tuangku Island. Photographs by Chyi Yin Gwee (a–c) and Elize Ying Xin Ng (d).
FIG. 8. A in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
FIG. 8. A, Examples of catastrophic (left) and attritional (right) age profiles for sika deer (Cervus nippon), adapted from Kubo et al. (2011). The catastrophic profile is based on randomly harvested deer from eastern Hokkaido, while the attritional profile is based on field-collected carcasses from Kinkazan Island, Honshu. B, Examples of survivorship curves for sika deer from Nara Park (left) and Kinkazan Island (right), adapted from Koike and Ohtaishi (1987). Both curves represent populations that are not hunted. Note that the scale in B is arithmetic.
FIG. 7 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
FIG. 7. Survivorship curves (lx) and mortality rates (qx) (top and bottom, respectively) for Candiacervus ropalophorus (Gerani 4) and Candiacervus sp. II (Liko).
FIG. 6 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
FIG. 6. Mortality profiles (dx) for Candiacervus ropalophorus from Gerani 4 (top left, actual numbers for all ages; bottom left, juveniles only) and Candiacervus sp. II from Liko (top right, all ages). Bottom right, reconstruction of Can. ropalophorus by Alexis Vlachos.
FIG. 5 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
FIG. 5. Long bone elements of Late Pleistocene Cretan deer (Candiacervus) are remarkably variable in both size and shape. A, Six metapodial size classes as determined by de Vos (1979, 1984); size class 2 includes three different antler types, resulting in a total of at least eight groupings (whether these are considered species or ecomorphs). B, Composite mount representing size class 2 (Candiacervus sp. II) from Liko Cave. Shoulder height and withers height in life would be about 55 and 58 cm respectively.
FIG. 4 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
FIG. 4. Mortality profiles (dx) for Candiacervus ropalophorus from Gerani 4 (left) and Candiacervus sp. II from Liko (right), based on age estimations inferred from wear stages of all molars (top histograms) or of m1, m2, or m3 considered singly (other histograms). Although some differences can be observed between the profiles, patterns are essentially the same.
FIG. 3 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
FIG. 3. Three dental wear patterns found in Candiacervus mandibles (Gerani 4), with a graphical comparison of ages estimated per molar locus vs. average age based on all molars (A and B directly above, C and D on opposite page). A, Mandible in which all molars show a degree of abrasion that is closely correlated with their position in the eruption sequence, resulting in compatible age estimates. B, Mandible in which m2 shows greater wear than either m1 or m3, resulting in potential overestimation of age relative to the other molars. C, Mandible in which m3 shows greater wear than either m1 or m2, thus greatly overestimating age relative to m1. D, Comparison of ages estimated per m1, m2, and m3 tooth loci (symbols) and averages of separate m1, m2, and m3 ages (lines), for a sample of 88 mandibles.
Fig. 12 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná
Fig. 12. Landscape at Misión Tukuko (locality 97; Estado Zulia). Heteromys anomalus was frequently trapped in the disturbed forests in the background (as well as in regenerating thickets and small patches of vegetation along streams), but never in the open anthropogenic pastures in the foreground. Photographed in July 1986 by Robert S. Voss.
Fig. 11 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná
Fig. 11. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA) of type series of Heteromys oasicus and H. anomalus and its synonyms. Adults in age classes 4–6 were used here. PC1type represents a size factor and was multiplied by —1 so that smaller specimens appear to the left and larger ones to the right (table 4). Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among specimens explained), and specimens are marked by the first letter of the following respective series: a, anomalus; b, brachialis; h, hershkovitzi; j, jesupi; o, oasicus; t, Trinidad (Caura, used as an additional sample of the nominotypical anomalus). Note the small size of specimens of H. oasicus, especially in contrast to the holotype of H. anomalus.
Fig. 10 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná
Fig. 10. Plot of rostral length (RL) versus age class for specimens of Heteromys oasicus from the Península de Paraguana´, Venezuela (A) and of H. anomalus from Latal, Venezuela (•). Rostral length was chosen to represent overall size here, because it correlated highly with growth in the group (Anderson, unpubl.) and was available for most specimens from Paraguana´. Age classes do not represent a continuous variable (such as age in days), but rather categories roughly corresponding to relative age (see text and Voss et al., 1990). Note the extremely small size of specimens of H. oasicus, with the adult in age class 5 smaller than individuals of age class 2 in the Latal sample of H. anomalus.
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