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5,828 results for “Traits”
Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a portion of a gonadial follicle. C, Cuticle; DN, dividing nucleus; DO, developing oocyte; EO, encapsulated oocyte; GE, germinal epithelium; N, nucleus; RT, regressing testes; STA, stalk; SPZ, spermatozoan; Y, yolk.
Figure 2 in Patterns of asymmetry in body traits and genitalia in two distant populations of a Neotropical scorpion
Figure 2. Mean temperature and annual rainfall in Mendiolaza (Argentina) and Piedras de Afilar (Uruguay) during 2010–2011.
Figure 4 in Patterns of asymmetry in body traits and genitalia in two distant populations of a Neotropical scorpion
Figure 4. Level of relative asymmetry in genital traits of males of Bothriurus bonariensis in studied populations. White boxes show the values of the Mendiolaza population (peripheral), while grey boxes show the values of the Piedras de Afilar population (core).
Data for Are Changes in Alcohol Use and Personality Traits associated? A Cohort Study among Young Swiss Men
<p>These are the data and metadata for the article </p> <p><strong>Are Changes in Alcohol Use and Personality Traits associated? A Cohort Study among Young Swiss Men</strong></p> <p>by </p> <p><strong>Gerhard Gmel, Simon Marmet, Joseph Studer, and Matthias Wicki</strong></p> <p><strong>to be published in Frontiers of Psychiatry</strong></p>
FIG. 12 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 12. — Olaus Magnus, Carta Marina, 1539, detail. Uppsala universitetsbibliotek (Photo Uppsala universitetsbibliotek).
FIG. 8 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 8. — Elder of the Apocalypse, Saint-Omer, c. 075-1100. Saint-Omer, musée de l'Hôtel Sandelin: Inv. 2484. Height: 12 cm. © Musées de Saint-Omer.
FIG. 6 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 6. — Tabernacle probably from Saint Pantaleon in Cologne, Cologne, c. 1180. London, Victoria and Albert Museum: 7650-1861. Height: 54.5 cm (Photo © Victoria and Albert Museum, London).
FIG. 2 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 2. — Walrus tusk found in Skara Brae,Orkney, 3100-2400 BC. National Museums Scotland: X.HA 168. Height:45 cm (Photo © National Museums Scotland).
FIG. 5 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 5. — Lewis Chessmen, Trondheim, third quarter of the 12th century. National Museums Scotland. Height: 6 to 10 cm (Photo © National Museums Scotland).
FIG. 1 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 1. — The Symmachi Panel. Rome, late 4th-early 5th century. Victoria and Albert Museum: 212-1865. Height: 29.6 cm (Photo © Victoria and Albert Museum, London).
FIG. 7. — 12 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 7. — 12th century seal matrix of a tax collector named Snorri. York Museums: YORYM 1973.5.29. Diameter: 3 cm (Photo York Museums, CC-BY SA 4.0).
FIG. 10 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 10. — Pair of ceremonial staffs carved in narwhal tusks, England, 2nd quarter of the 12th century. A, Victoria and Albert Museum: A. 79-136; B, National Museums Liverpool: 1995.42. Lengths: A, 117 cm (Photo © Victoria and Albert Museum); B, 110 cm (Photo © National Museums Liverpool).
Maternal and genetic correlations between morphology and physical performance traits in a small captive primate, Microcebus murinus
<p>Physical performance traits are key components of fitness and direct targets of selection. Maternal effects are important components of integrated phenotypes in a variety of species. Yet their contribution to variation in performance, and phenotypes closely associated with performance, remains poorly understood. We used an animal model approach to quantify the contribution of maternal effects to performance trait variation (in bite force and pull strength) and the relationships between performance and the relevant underlying morphology in <i>Microcebus murinus</i>. We show that bite force is heritable (h<sup>2</sup>~0.23), and that maternal effects are also important source of variation, resulting in a medium inclusive heritability (IH<sup>2</sup>~0.47). Grip strength presented a rather low and non-significant narrow-sense heritability suggesting a higher selective pressure on this trait. Genetic correlations between performance traits and their associated morphometric traits were significant and high (0.47 bite force-head width; 0.48 grip strength-radius length), as was the maternal correlation for bite force-head width (0.75). Further studies evaluating the heritability of performance for other taxa and the role of maternal effects are badly needed to better understand the drivers of variation in performance ultimately allowing for a better understanding of the importance of these types of traits in an evolutionary context.</p>
Effects of plant hydraulic traits on the flammability of live fine canopy fuels in 62 Australian plant species
<ol> <li><span>Plant species vary in how they regulate moisture and this has implications for their flammability during wildfires. We explored how fuel moisture is shaped by variation within six hydraulic traits: saturated moisture content, cell wall rigidity, cell solute potential, symplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance.</span></li> <li><span>Using pressure-volume curves, we measured these hydraulic traits distal shoots (<i>i.e.</i> twigs + leaves) in 62 plant species across four wooded communities in south-eastern Australia. For a subset of 30 of those species, we also measured hydraulic traits of twigs using moisture-release curves. Moisture content of fine fuels was then estimated for circumstances typical of fire weather. These projections were made assuming that under the hot, dry, windy conditions typical of large wildfires, leaves and fine twigs would function at internal water pressures close to wilting point (<i>i.e. </i>turgor loss point, TLP). The effect of different moisture contents at TLP on ignition time was then modelled using a fully mechanistic, finite element model of biomass ignition based on standard principles of physical chemistry.</span></li> <li><span>We also measured predawn water potential, an indication of plant access to soil water that is influenced by root architecture. These data were used to model how root traits influence fuel moisture and ignition time.</span></li> </ol>
Results for 2,230 UK Biobank binary and continuous traits
<p>Results for 2,230 UK Biobank binary and continuous traits. </p> <p>We applied the gene-based tests (Gene1D, Gene3D, GeneScan1D and GeneScan3D) to 1,403 UK Biobank binary phecodes and 827 continuous phenotypes (797 continuous traits + 30 biomarkers) using GWAS summary statistics on 28 million imputed variants. </p> <p>The results are in 3 different zipped folders: 'GeneScan3D_UKBB_1403binary_results.zip', 'GeneScan3D_UKBB_797continuous_results.zip' and 'GeneScan3D_UKBB_30biomarkers_results.zip'. A list of all 2,230 binary and continuous phenotypes is available in excel file 'UKBB_phenotype_description.xlsx'.</p> <p>Reference: Ma, S., Dalgleish, J. L ., Lee, J., Wang, C., Liu, L., Gill, R., Buxbaum, J. D., Chung, W., Aschard, H., Silverman, E. K., Cho, M. H., He, Z. and Ionita-Laza, I. "Improved gene-based testing by integrating long-range chromatin interactions and knockoff statistics", 2021</p>
Differential associations between nucleotide polymorphisms and physiological traits in Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) provenances under contrasting water regimes
<p>Three datasets are provided here, yielded by a study on drought-stressed and control (well-watered) seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), coming from 5 provenances distributed along a steep altitudinal gradient from 550 to 1,280 m a.s.l. in central Slovakia:</p> <p>1. physiological traits</p> <p>2. double-digest restriction-site associated sequencing data (ddRAD)</p> <p>3. nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) genotypes</p>
Data from: Soil organic carbon stability in forests: distinct effects of tree species identity and traits
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased interest in the potential for forest ecosystems and soils to act as carbon (C) sinks. While soil organic C contents often vary with tree species identity, little is known about if, and how, tree species influence the stability of C in soil. Using a 40‐year‐old common garden experiment with replicated plots of eleven temperate tree species, we investigated relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) stability in mineral soils and 17 ecological factors (including tree tissue chemistry, magnitude of organic matter inputs and their turnover, microbial community descriptors, and soil physico‐chemical properties). We measured five SOM stability indices, including heterotrophic respiration, C in aggregate‐occluded particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated SOM, and bulk SOM δ15N and ∆14C. The stability of SOM varied substantially among tree species and this variability was independent of the amount of organic C in soils. Thus, when considering forest soils as C sinks, the stability of C stocks must be considered in addition to their size. Further, our results suggest tree species regulate soil C stability via the composition of their tissues, especially roots. Stability of SOM appeared to be greater (as indicated by higher δ15N and reduced respiration) beneath species with higher concentrations of nitrogen and lower amounts of acid‐insoluble compounds in their roots, while SOM stability appeared to be lower (as indicated by higher respiration and lower proportions of C in aggregate‐occluded POM) beneath species with higher tissue calcium contents. The proportion of C in mineral‐associated SOM and bulk soil ∆14C, though, were negligibly dependent on tree species traits, likely reflecting an insensitivity of some SOM pools to decadal‐scale shifts in ecological factors. Strategies aiming to increase soil C stocks may thus focus on particulate C pools, which can more easily be manipulated and are most sensitive to climate change.
Data from: Association genetics of growth and adaptive traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using whole-exome-discovered polymorphisms
In the United States, forest genetics research began over 100 years ago and loblolly pine breeding programs were established in the 1950s. However, the genetics underlying complex traits of loblolly pine remains to be discovered. To address this, adaptive and growth traits were measured and analyzed in a clonally tested loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) population. Over 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers detected from exome sequencing were used to test for single locus associations, SNP-SNP interactions and correlation of individual heterozygosity with phenotypic traits. A total of 36 SNP-trait associations were found for specific leaf area (5 SNPs), branch angle (2), crown width (3), stem diameter (4), total height (9), carbon isotope discrimination (4), nitrogen concentration (2), and pitch canker resistance traits (7). Eleven SNP-SNP interactions were found to be associated with branch angle (1 SNP-SNP interaction), crown width (2), total height (2), carbon isotope discrimination (2), nitrogen concentration (1), and pitch canker resistance (3). Non-additive effects imposed by dominance and epistasis account for a large fraction of the genetic variance for the quantitative traits. Genes that contain the identified SNPs have a wide spectrum of functions. Individual heterozygosity positively correlated with water use efficiency and nitrogen concentration. In conclusion, multiple effects identified in this study influence the performance of loblolly pines, provide resources for understanding the genetic control of complex traits, and have potential value for assessing with breeding through marker assisted selection and genomic selection.
Marine fish traits follow fast-slow continuum across oceans
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">A fundamental challenge in ecology is to understand why species are found where they are and predict where they are likely to occur in the future. Trait-based approaches may provide such understanding, because it is the traits and adaptations of species that determine which environments they can inhabit. It is therefore important to identify key traits that determine species distributions and investigate how these traits relate to the environment. Based on scientific bottom-trawl surveys of marine fish abundances and traits of >1,200 species, we investigate trait-environment relationships and project the trait composition of marine fish communities across the continental shelf seas of the Northern hemisphere. We show that traits related to growth, maturation and lifespan respond most strongly to the environment. This is reflected by a pronounced "fast-slow continuum" of fish life-histories, revealing that traits vary with temperature at large spatial scales, but also with depth and seasonality at more local scales. Our findings provide insight into the structure of marine fish communities and suggest that global warming will favour an expansion of fast-living species. Knowledge of the global and local drivers of trait distributions can thus be used to predict future responses of fish communities to environmental change.</p>
Leaf growth response to mild drought: natural variation sheds light on trait architecture
<p>Plant growth and crop yield are negatively affected by a reduction in water availability. However, a clear understanding of how growth is regulated under non-lethal drought conditions is lacking. Recent advances in genomics, phenomics and transcriptomics allow in-depth analysis of natural variation. In this study, we conducted a detailed screening of leaf growth responses to mild drought in a worldwide collection of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> accessions. </p> <p>The raw phenotyping can be found in:<br> - cellularData.txt -> mature (23 days after stratification; DAS) leaf epidermis (third leaf) analysed for cell area, cell number, pavement cell area, pavement cell number, stomatal index and leaf area of the analysed leaf.</p> <p>- leaf3AreaMaturity.txt -> area of the third leaf at maturity (23DAs) in mm<sup>2.</sup></p> <p>- leaf3AreaProliferation.txt -> area of the third leaf at proliferation (last day of full cell proliferation; 8-10 DAS) in mm<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>- rosetteArea Maturity.txt -> projected rosette area at maturity (22DAS)</p> <p>The phenotyping results have been normalised for batch effects ('experiment' in raw data)</p> <p>- allPhenotypesNormalised.txt -> contains the normalised data for all the measured phenotypes</p> <p>All datafiles indicate the accession name ('Accession'), the unique identifier for each accessions ('Ecotype_ID') as used in the 1001genomes project (www.1001genomes.org) and the treatment ('C' indicate well-watered plants, 'S' the mild-drought treated plants).</p> <p>These results and methodological results are described in Clauw et al. (2016, The Plant Cell).</p> <p>Citation:</p> <p><strong>Clauw, Pieter, Frederik Coppens, Arthur Korte, Dorota Herman, Bram Slabbinck, Stijn Dhondt, Twiggy Van Daele, et al. 2016. “Leaf Growth Response to Mild Drought: Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Sheds Light on Trait Architecture.” The Plant Cell, October. doi:10.1105/tpc.16.00483.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.