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691 results for “Vegetation Data”
Data from: Vegetation biomass and landscape context shape web-building spider dietary niche breadth in urban vacant lots
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Sediment, crab, and vegetation data from Sapelo Island, Georgia: 2017 - 2019
Sediment samples, Sesarma reticulatum gut and tissue samples, Spartina alterniflora leaves, and benthic diatoms were analyzed for a suite of biogeochemical parameters, including total carbon, total nitrogen, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, and a subset of samples were analyzed for total hydrolyzable amino acids. Samples were collected between 2017 and 2019 on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Samples were collected from Sesarma-grazed and un-grazed creeks. Analyses were conducted at the University of Florida and are associated with the manuscript by Morrison et al. entitled Influence of the keystone grazer, Sesarma reticulatum, on the hydrology and organic matter cycling of salt marshes in the southeastern United States.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient Extended sites: Vegetation data from land cover classes from an upland watershed undergoing permafrost thaw.
This data set contains meausrements ofpercent of ground cover (vegetation, water, bare soil) from sites throughout the wathershed within certain land cover types identified by an unsupervised landcover classification. The purpose was to see how land cover classes differed in soil properties and if we could detect diffences in classes undergoing permafrost thaw that results in thermokarst.
Rainfall Manipulation Study Vegetation Data from the Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Creosote Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2003-2011)
The overall goal of the rainfall manipulation project is to understand the coupled ecological and hydrological responses of a grassland, shrubland and a mixed grass-shrub vegetation community to extended periods of increased or decreased rainfall. Rainfall manipulation plots have been established in each of these three vegetation communities in the Five Points area of Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. In each vegetation community, three control plots, three drought treatment plots, and three water addition plots have been installed, each approximately 10 x 15 m in size. In each plot, vertical profiles of soil moisture probes have been installed under each cover type (canopy and interspace in grassland and shrubland; grass canopy, shrub canopy and interspace at the ecotone (mixed grass-shrub) site). The probes measure differences in infiltration and soil water content and potential associations with these different cover types. In addition, TDR probes have been installed diagonally in each cover type to integrate the water content of the top 15 cm of soil. Each plot contains 18, 1m2 quads made up of 6, 1m2 quads along each of the 3 transects located across each plot. Each spring and fall, the following parameters are measured in every quad: live plant cover, height, and abundance by species; dead plant cover; soil cover; litter cover; and rock cover. Data collection began in the drought and control plots in the spring of 2002. Data collection began in the water addition plots in the spring of 2004.In the grassland and shrubland communities, all nine currently established plots are located together. The three drought plots were located under a single large roof with a 0.5 m path separating each plot (drought treatments ended in 2006). The control plots and water addition plots are similarly grouped, but without the shelter structure. In the ecotone community, the plots are in three groups; each group is comprised of one drought plot, one water addition plot, and one
Pino Gate Prairie Dog Study: Landscape-scale Vegetation Plot Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1999-2002)
Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) are considered keystone species of grassland ecosystems, and co-occur in the arid grasslands of the southwestern United States and in Mexico. Their keystone status is attributed primarily to the effects of their burrowing and foraging behavior, but they differ ecologically in several important respects. We studied the comparative functional roles of these species where they co-occur at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, focusing on their impacts on grassland vegetation. We found that vegetation cover, structure, and species richness varied across a gradient extending out from the mound centers, and these patterns differed between prairie dog and kangaroo rat mounds. Certain species and functional groups of plants associated differentially with mounds and landscape patches occupied by prairie dogs and banner-tailed kangaroo rats. Where both species co-occurred locally there was greater soil disturbance, more organic material from their feces, and higher activity of other animals. The overall effect of these rodents was to create a mosaic of different patches across the landscape such that their combined activities increased andscape heterogeneity and plant species richness. Our results demonstrate complementary effects of two co-occurring keystone species on their associated biotic communities.
Pino Gate Prairie Dog Study: Mound-scale Vegetation Plot Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2000-2002)
Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) are considered keystone species of grassland ecosystems, and co-occur in the arid grasslands of the southwestern United States and in Mexico. Their keystone status is attributed primarily to the effects of their burrowing and foraging behavior, but they differ ecologically in several important respects. We studied the comparative functional roles of these species where they co-occur at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, focusing on their impacts on grassland vegetation. We found that vegetation cover, structure, and species richness varied across a gradient extending out from the mound centers, and these patterns differed between prairie dog and kangaroo rat mounds. Certain species and functional groups of plants associated differentially with mounds and landscape patches occupied by prairie dogs and banner-tailed kangaroo rats. Where both species co-occurred locally there was greater soil disturbance, more organic material from their feces, and higher activity of other animals. The overall effect of these rodents was to create a mosaic of different patches across the landscape such that their combined activities increased landscape heterogeneity and plant species richness. Our results demonstrate complementary effects of two co-occurring keystone species on their associated biotic communities.
Gunnison's Prairie Dog Relocation Project: Vegetation Standing Crop Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2005-2011)
Grasslands are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the world where the loss of native species is a consequence of agriculture and desertification. In North America, 90% of the grassland has been converted to cropland where vast areas are now desertified. North America's most iconic grassland herbivores, bison and prairie dogs, are now extinct throughout most of their historic range. This study measures the standing crop of plant vegetation (perennial and annual combined) for the year on areas occupied and not occupied by Gunnison's prairie dogs on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR).
Data for: Thresholds of freshwater biodiversity in response to riparian vegetation loss in the Neotropical region
<p>These files contain all the data and R scripts used for analyses of the manuscript "Thresholds of freshwater biodiversity in response to riparian vegetation loss in the Neotropical region", published in Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>See Metadata (README).xls file for a detailed description of these files.</p> <p>Dala-Corte RB, Melo AS, Siqueira T, et al. Thresholds of freshwater biodiversity in response to<br> riparian vegetation loss in the Neotropical region. J Appl Ecol. 2020;00:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13657</p>
Vegetation data along alpine pasture-shrub gradients
<p>Columns of dataset:</p> <ul> <li>Species_richness: Number of species per plot</li> <li>Species_evenness: Pielou's eveness of species cover values</li> <li>Heterogeneity: Beta-diversity, average Jaccard distance to the other three plots within cover zone</li> <li>Nutrient_index: Cover-weighted average nutrient indicator value</li> <li>Light_index: Cover-weighted average light indicator value</li> <li>Water_index: Cover-weighted average humidity indicator value</li> <li>Gradients_ID: gradient identifier</li> <li>Dominant_shrub: Dominant shrub species (3 categories)</li> <li>Zonal_cover: Value of zonal cover in percent</li> <li>Plot_cover: Value of plot cover in percent</li> <li>Geology_4level: Substrate of parent material (4 categories)</li> <li>Geology_2level: Substrate of parent material (2 categories)</li> <li>Aspect_3level: Aspect (3 categories)</li> <li>Elevation: Elevation in m above sea level</li> <li>Steepness_perc: Terrain slope in percent</li> <li>Precipitation: Annual precipitation sum in mm</li> <li>Temperature: Mean annual temperature in °C</li> <li>Soil_phosphorus: Soil phosphorus extracted by AA-EDTA in mg/kg</li> <li>Soil_pH: pH of soil-water suspension</li> </ul>
Replication data for: Conservation Gaps in Traditional Vegetables Native to Europe and Fennoscandia
<p>Vegetables are rich in vitamins and other micronutrients and are important crops for healthy diets and diversification of the food system, and many traditional (also termed underutilized or indigenous) species may play a role. The current study analyzed 35 vegetables with a European region of diversity with the effort to map the conservation status in Fennoscandia and beyond. We mapped georeferenced occurrences and current genebank holdings based on global databases and conducted conservation gaps analysis based on representativeness scores in situ and ex situ. Out of the 35 target species, 19 got at a high priority score for further conservation initiatives, while another 14 species got a medium priority score. We identified a pattern where traditional vegetables are poorly represented in genebank holdings. This corresponds well to a lack of attention in the scientific community measured in number of published papers. Considering the grand challenges ahead in terms of climate change, population growth and demand for sustainability, traditional vegetables deserve greater attention. Our contribution is to provide a basis for conservation priorities among the identified vegetables species native to Fennoscandia.</p>
Data from: Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years
<p>Aim Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval.<br> <br> Location Global.<br> <br> Taxon Plantae.<br> <br> Methods Using the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations driven using ice-core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre-industrial and 88 palaeoclimate experiments run using HadCM3. Experiments were run for 81 time slices between 1 ka and 140 ka, seven 'hosing' experiments also being run, using a 1 Sv freshwater flux to the North Atlantic, for time slices corresponding to Heinrich Events H0 – H7. Using a rule-based approach, based on carbon mass and leaf area index of the LPJ-GUESS plant functional types, the biome was inferred for each grid cell. Biomes were mapped, and the extent and total vegetation biomass of each biome, and total global vegetation biomass, estimated.<br> <br> Results Substantial changes in biome extents and locations were found on all vegetated continents. Although the largest-magnitude changes were in Eurasia, important changes were seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. Total global extent of most biomes varied on multi-millennial (orbital) time scales, although some (e.g. Tropical Raingreen Forest) responded principally to the ca. 100 kyr glacial–interglacial cycle and others (e.g. Temperate Broad-leaved Evergreen Forest) mainly to the ca. 20 kyr precession cycle. Many also responded to millennial contrasts between stadial ('hosing') and interstadial climates, with some (e.g. Tropical Evergreen Forest) showing stronger responses than to the multi-millennial changes.<br> <br> Main conclusions No two time slices had identical biome patterns. Even equivalent Holocene and last interglacial time slices, and the last and penultimate glacial maxima, showed important differences. Only a small proportion of global land area experienced no biome change since 140 ka; many places experienced multiple biome changes. These modelling experiments provided little evidence for long-term biome stability.</p>
Supporting data for "A convolution method to assess subgrid-scale interactions between flow and patchy vegetation in biogeomorphic models"
<p>Dataset necessary to reproduce the results and analyses presented in the paper:</p> <p>Gourgue, O., van Belzen, J., Schwarz, C., Bouma, T.J., van de Koppel, J. & Temmerman, S. (2020) A convolution method to assess subgrid-scale interactions between flow and patchy vegetation in biogeomorphic models, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, submitted.</p> <p>The dataset contains:</p> <ul> <li>Process-based model simulations, including their input files and the Python scripts to generate them (pre-processing), as well as the output files and Python scripts to post-process them.</li> <li>Flume experiment data processed for the model calibration.</li> <li>Python scripts to generate the figures and tables of the manuscript.</li> </ul>
Data from: Defining a spectrum of integrative trait-based vegetation canopy structural types
Vegetation canopy structure is a fundamental characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems that defines vegetation types and drives ecosystem functioning. We use the multivariate structural trait composition of vegetation canopies to classify ecosystems within a global canopy structure spectrum. Across the temperate forest subset of this spectrum we assess gradients in canopy structural traits, characterize canopy structural types (CST), and evaluate drivers and functional consequences of canopy structural variation. We derive CSTs from multivariate canopy structure data, illustrating variation along three primary structural axes and resolution into six largely distinct and functionally relevant CSTs. Our results illustrate that within-ecosystem successional processes and disturbance legacies can produce variation in canopy structure similar to that associated with sub-continental variation in forest types and ecoclimatic zones. The potential to classify ecosystems into CSTs based on suites of structural traits represents an important advance in understanding and modeling structure-function relationships in vegetated ecosystems.
VTFT_Demography: global ageclass simulation data from the LPJ-wsl v2.0 Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
<p>Forest ecosystem processes follow classic responses with age, peaking production around canopy closure and declining thereafter. Although age dynamics might be more dominant in certain regions over others, demographic effects on net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are bound to exist. Yet, explicit representation of ecosystem demography is notably absent in most global ecosystem models. This is concerning because the global community relies on these models to regularly update our collective understanding of the global carbon cycle. This paper aims to fill this gap in understanding by presenting the technical developments of a computationally-efficient approach for representing age-class dynamics within a global ecosystem model, the LPJ-wsl v2.0 Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. The modeled age-classes are initially created by fire feedbacks, wood harvesting, and abandonment of managed land, otherwise aging naturally until a stand-clearing disturbance is simulated or prescribed. In this paper, we show that the age-module can capture classic demographic patterns in stem density and tree height compared to inventory data, and that patterns of ecosystem function follow classic responses with age. We also present a few scientific applications of the model to assess the modeled age-class distribution over time and to determine the demographic effect on ecosystem fluxes relative to climate. Simulations show that, between 1860 and 2016, zonal age distribution on Earth was driven predominately by fire, causing a ~45-year difference in ages between boreal (50N-90N) and tropical (23S-23N) latitudes. Land use change and land management was responsible for an additional decrease in zonal age by -6 years in boreal and by -21 years in temperate (23N-50N) and tropical latitudes, with the anthropogenic effect on zonal age distribution increasing over time. A statistical model helped reduced LPJ-wsl complexity by predicting per-grid-cell annual NPP and Rh fluxes by three terms: precipitation, temperature and age-class; at global scales, R<sup>2</sup> was between 0.95 and 0.98. As determined by the statistical model, the demographic effect on ecosystem function was often less than 0.10 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> but as high as 0.60 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> where the effect was greatest. In eastern forests of North America, the demographic effect was of similar magnitude, or greater than, the effects of climate; demographic effects were similarly important in large regions of every vegetated continent. Spatial datasets are provided for global ecosystem ages and the estimated coefficients for effects of precipitation, temperature and demography on ecosystem function. The discussion focuses on our finding of an increasing role of demography in the global carbon cycle, the effect of demography on relaxation times (resilience) following a disturbance event and its implications at global scales, and a finding of a 40-Pg C increase in turnover from age dynamics at global scales. Whereas time is the only mechanism that increases ecosystem age, any additional disturbance not explicitly modeled will decrease age. This LPJ-based age-module therefore simulates the upper limit of age-class distributions on Earth and represents another step forward towards understanding the role of demography in global ecosystems.</p>
Data for manuscript: An ecogeomorphic framework coupling sediment modeling with invasive riparian vegetation dynamics
<p>Datasets (aside from the publicly available GIS datasets) used in the analyses presented in the manuscript "An ecogeomorphic framework coupling sediment modeling with invasive riparian vegetation dynamics." </p>
Data for "Impacts of ozone-vegetation interactions on ozone pollution episodes in North China and the Yangtze River Delta"
<p>Data for "Impacts of ozone-vegetation interactions on ozone pollution episodes in North China and the Yangtze River Delta"</p>
Data from: Emergence patterns of novelty in European vegetation assemblages over the past 15,000 years
Plant communities are not stable over time and biological novelty is predicted to emerge due to climate change, the introduction of exotic species and land-use change. However, the rate at which this novelty may arise over longer time periods has so far received little attention. We reconstruct the emergence of novelty in Europe for a set of baseline conditions over the past 15 000 years to assess past rates of emergence and investigate underlying causes. The emergence of novelty is baseline specific and, during the early-Holocene, was mitigated by the rapid spread of plant taxa. Although novelty generally increases as a function of time, climate and human-induced landscape changes contributed to a non-linear post-glacial trajectory of novelty with jumps corresponding to periods of rapid changes. Emergence of novelty accelerated during the past 1000 years. Historical cultural landscapes experienced a faster novelty development due to the contribution from anthropogenic land-cover changes.
Data from: Attract or defend? Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Optimal Defense Theory predicts that selection should drive plants to differentially allocate resources for herbivore defense to tissues with high fitness values. As pollen's primary role is the transport of gametes, plants may be expected to defend it from herbivory. However, for many animal-pollinated plants, pollen serves a secondary role as a pollinator reward. This may present a conflict between selection to defend pollen from herbivores and selection to reward pollinators. Here, we investigate whether pollen secondary chemistry in three pollen-rewarding Lupinus species better reflects the need to defend pollen or reward pollinators. METHODS: Lupinus (Fabaceae) species are nectarless, pollen-rewarding, and produce defensive quinolizidine and/or piperidine alkaloids throughout their tissues. We used gas chromatography to identify and quantitate the alkaloids in four above-ground tissues (pollen, flower, leaf, stem) of three western North American lupines: L. argenteus, L. bakeri, and L. sulphureus, and compared alkaloid concentrations and composition among tissues within individuals. KEY RESULTS: Pollen alkaloid concentrations were 11-35% of those concentrations in other tissues in L. argenteus and L. sulphureus. We detected no alkaloids in L. bakeri pollen, though they were present in other tissues. Alkaloid concentrations were not strongly correlated among tissues within individuals. We detected fewer alkaloids in pollen compared to other tissues and pollen contained no unique alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in these pollen-rewarding species, pollen secondary chemistry may reflect the need to attract and reward pollinators more than the need to defend pollen from herbivory.
Data from: Vegetation response to control of invasive Tamarix in southwestern US rivers: a collaborative study including 416 sites
Most studies assessing vegetation response following control of invasive Tamarix trees along southwestern U.S. rivers have been small in scale (e.g., river reach), or at a regional scale but with poor spatial-temporal replication, and most have not included testing the effects of a now widely-used biological control. We monitored plant composition following Tamarix control along hydrologic, soil and climatic gradients in 244 treated and 172 reference sites across six U.S. States. This represents the largest comprehensive assessment to date on the vegetation response to the four most common Tamarix control treatments. Biocontrol by a defoliating beetle (treatment #1) reduced the abundance of Tamarix less than active removal by mechanically using hand and chain-saws (#2), heavy machinery (#3) or burning (#4). Tamarix abundance also decreased with lower temperatures, higher precipitation, and follow-up treatments for Tamarix resprouting. Native cover generally increased over time in active Tamarix removal sites, however, the increases observed were small and was not consistently increased by active revegetation. Overall, native cover was correlated to permanent stream flow, lower grazing pressure, lower soil salinity and temperatures, and higher precipitation. Species diversity also increased where Tamarix was removed. However, Tamarix treatments, especially those generating the highest disturbance (burning and heavy machinery), also often promoted secondary invasions of exotic forbs. The abundance of hydrophytic species was much lower in treated than in reference sites, suggesting that management of southwestern U.S. rivers has focused too much on weed control, overlooking restoration of fluvial processes that provide habitat for hydrophytic and floodplain vegetation. These results can help inform future management of Tamarix-infested rivers to restore hydrogeomorphic processes, increase native biodiversity and reduce abundance of noxious species.
Data: On the role of water table depth, and urban and vegetation cover on groundwater dry period susceptibility
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