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280 results for “Whip spider”
FIGURE 17. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 17. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, dextral pedipalp tarsus and claw, ventral (A, C, E) and dorsal (B, D, F) aspects. A, B. Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, lectotype ♀ (ZMUC 24556). C–F. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov. C, D. Holotype ♀ (ICN-Am 180). E, F. Paratype Ƌ (ICN-Am 187). Abbreviations: Ta1–3, tarsus dorsal spines 1–3; TaI, tarsus ventral spine. Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, D, 1 mm; E, F, 1.5 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 12. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., paratype Ƌ (ICN-Am 187), sinistral pedipalp (mirrored). A. Ventral aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.
FIGURE 11. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 11. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, sinistral pedipalp (mirrored), dorsal aspect. A. Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, lectotype ♀ (ZMUC 24556). B. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., holotype ♀ (ICN-Am 180). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 2 mm.
FIGURE 10. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 10. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, sinistral pedipalp (mirrored), ventral aspect. A. Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, lectotype ♀ (ZMUC 24556). B. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., holotype ♀ (ICN-Am 180). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 2 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 9. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., paratype Ƌ (ICN-Am 185), scanning electron micrographs of dextral chelicera. A. Prolateral aspect. B. Movable finger, base illustrating setae. C. Movable finger, serrula and basal segment, dorsal bicuspid tooth. D. Basal segment, ventral region, illustrating setae. E. Surface with minute spicules, probably stridulatory. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, 50 µm; C, 200 µm; D, E, 100 µm.
FIGURE 7. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 7. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, sternal area, ventral aspect, showing coxae (A, C, E) and in closeup (B, D, F). A–D. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov. A, B. Paratype Ƌ (ICN-Am 187). C, D. Holotype ♀ (ICN-Am 180). E, F. Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, lectotype ♀ (ZMUC 24556). Scale bars: A, E, 0.25 mm; B, F, 0.1 mm; C, 0.4 mm; D, 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 4. Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, habitus, dorsal aspect. A, B. Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov. A. Holotype ♀ (ICN-Am 180). B. Paratype Ƌ (ICN-Am 187). C. Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, lectotype ♀ (ZMUC 24556). Scale bars: 3 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 3. Tridimensional elevational distribution model of northeastern Colombia, including the Serranía de Bañaderos, upper basin of the Camarones River, showing the mountain ranges (A) and caves (B) in which specimens of Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., were collected.
FIGURE 2 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 2. Global distribution of the family Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, plotting records of Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., and Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921.
FIGURE 1 in Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia
FIGURE 1. Collection locality and live habitus of Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov. A–C. Bañaderos cave, Bañaderos, Hatonuevo, La Guajira Department, Colombia. A. Cave entrance. B. Main gallery. C. Microhabitat where specimens were collected. D. Live habitus of male from La Perrita Cave, Los Chorros, Fonseca, La Guajira Department, Colombia.
First global phylogeny of whip spiders (Amblypygi)
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The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders
<p>Additional files for the publication The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders, published in BMC Evolutionary Biology. </p> <p>Additional file 1. File format: .vaxml (see [38]). Title: Tomographic reconstruction of <em> Graeophonus anglicus</em> Pocock, 1911. Description: A 3D mesh model of Graeophonus anglicus in the VAXML interchange format. </p> <p>Additional file 2. File format: .pdf. Title: Character statements. Description: Morphological characters statements for the characters used in the current analysis. </p> <p>Additional file 3. File format: .tnt (see [45]). Title: Cladistic matrix. Description: Cladistic matrix used in the current analysis, in a TNT ready format. </p> <p>Additional file 4. A video showing the tomographic reconstruction of<em> Graeophonus anglicus </em>Pocock, 1911 presented herein; inferred/reconstructed anatomy partially transparent.</p>
The rediscovery of a relict unlocks the first global phylogeny of whip spiders (Amblypygi)
<p>Asymmetrical rates of cladogenesis and extinction abound in the Tree of Life, resulting in numerous minute clades that are dwarfed by larger sister groups. Such taxa are commonly regarded as phylogenetic relicts or "living fossils" when they exhibit an ancient first appearance in the fossil record and prolonged external morphological stasis, particularly in comparison to their more diversified sister groups. Due to their special status, various phylogenetic relicts tend to be well-studied and prioritized for conservation. A notable exception to this trend is found within Amblypygi ("whip spiders"), a visually striking order of functionally hexapodous arachnids that are notable for their antenniform first walking leg pair (the eponymous "whips"). Paleoamblypygi, the putative sister group to the remaining Amblypygi, is known from Late Carboniferous and Eocene deposits, but is survived by a single living species, <em>Paracharon caecus</em> Hansen, 1921, that was last collected in 1899. Due to the absence of genomic sequence-grade tissue for this vital taxon, there is no global molecular phylogeny for Amblypygi to date, nor a fossil-calibrated estimation of divergences within the group. Here, we report several individuals of a previously unknown species of Paleoamblypygi from a cave site in Colombia. Capitalizing upon this discovery, we generated the first molecular phylogeny of Amblypygi, integrating ultraconserved element sequencing with legacy Sanger datasets and including described extant genera. To quantify the impact of sampling Paleoamblypygi on divergence time estimation, we performed in <em>silico</em> experiments with pruning of <em>Paracharon</em>. We demonstrate that the omission of relicts has a significant impact on the accuracy of node dating approaches that outweighs the impact of excluding ingroup fossils. Our results underscore the imperative for biodiversity discovery efforts in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of " dark taxa", and especially phylogenetic relicts in tropical and subtropical habitats.</p>
Morphometry of the pedipalp patella provides new characters for species-level taxonomy in whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi): A test case with description of a new species of Phrynus
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Whip spiders (Amblypygi Thorell, 1883) are easily distinguished from their spider relatives (Araneae Clerck, 1757) by their raptorial pedipalps, the second pair of appendages, which are covered in spines and used to grasp and impale prey. Among other characters, the number, distribution, and size differences among the pedipalp spines continue to be important for whip spider systematics at different levels in the taxonomic hierarchy. However, traditional meristic and qualitative characters used to describe the pedipalp spines often limit their use for species-level taxonomy, as character states are invariant or overlapping. The present study employs landmark-based morphometrics to map the morphospace comprising the retrolateral surface of the pedipalp patella and its dorsal spines in a group of Neotropical whip spiders of the genus <em>Phrynus</em> Lamarck, 1801, all of which share an inconspicuous spine on the prolateral surface of the pedipalp tarsus, i.e., "group B" proposed by Quintero (1983). The analysis presented demonstrates that the relative pedipalp patella lengths and spine to pedipalp patella width ratios are of similar use for species diagnosis as the commonly employed relative length of leg femur I. Importantly, the analysis reveals that, beyond the traditional approach of qualitatively reporting relative pedipalp patella dorsal spine lengths (e.g., P3 > P5 > P2 > P4 > P6 > P1), the ratios between spine lengths are useful morphometric characters for species-level taxonomy in <em>Phrynus</em>. New morphometric ratios are provided for the species of <em>Phrynus</em> group B and used, together with traditional characters, to describe <em>Phrynus guarionexi</em> sp. nov. from the Dominican Republic. Finally, new morphological data are provided concerning the cerotegument, frontal process and prolateral surface of the pedipalp tibia in the species of group B.</span></p>
Figure 3 in First record of the whip-spider Paraphrynus cubensis Quintero, 1983 (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) from eastern Cuba
Figure 3. Two views of the habitat of Paraphrynus cubensis at Santiago de Cuba Zoological Park.
Morphometric variations in cephalothorax shape of Whip Spiders
<p>Drawings used to study the morphometrics variations of cephalothorax during the growth and between species.</p>
Fig. 83 in Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)
Fig. 83. Map plotting known distributions of species of Charinus Simon, 1892 in western Africa.
Morphometry of the pedipalp patella provides new characters for species-level taxonomy in whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi): A test case with description of a new species of Phrynus
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The rediscovery of a relict unlocks the first global phylogeny of whip spiders (Amblypygi)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Volcanism and paleoclimate change drive diversification of world’s largest whip spider (Amblypygi)
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