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opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Ecological marginalization is widespread and increases extinction risk in mammals

Human land-use results in widespread range change across taxa. Anthropogenic pressures can result in species' realized niches expanding, shifting, or contracting. Marginalization occurs when contraction constrains species to the geographic or ecological extremes of their historic niche. Using 4,785 terrestrial mammal species, we show that range contraction results in niche space and habitat diversity loss. Additionally, ecological marginalization is a common consequence of range contraction caused by human land use change. Remnant populations become located in the climatic and topographic extremes of their historic niche that are more likely to be at the periphery of their historic niche at greater distances from historic niche centroids. This ecological marginalization is associated with poor performance and increased extinction risk independent of geographic range loss. Range loss and marginalization may create a "double whammy" in vulnerable groups, such as large-bodied species and species with small geographical range size. Our results reveal a hitherto unrecognized conservation threat that is vital to incorporate into conservation assessment and management.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

Model-based analysis of sample index hopping reveals its widespread artifacts in multiplexed single-cell RNA-sequencing

Supplementary data that are needed to rerun the reproducible notebooks from the first steps using Alevin output and configuration files. Intermediate R data object that can be used to rerun the reproducible notebooks after the filtering steps. Validation data for inferring the sample index hopping rate. The hiseq4000_joined_datatable_plexed_nonplexed.zip file contains read counts for four samples (two non-multiplexed and two multiplexed)  joined by  a cell-barcode, UMI, and gene-ID (CUG) key combination. The hiseq4000_inner_joined_with_labels.zip file contains only those CUGs that are observed in both the non-multiplexed and multiplexed samples.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Data from Widespread exposure to altered fire regimes under 2°C warming is projected to transform conifer forests of the Western United States

This archive includes a minimal dataset needed to reproduce the analysis as well as a table (CSV) and spatial polygons (ESRI shapefile) of the resulting output from the publication: Hoecker, T.J., S. A. Parks, M. Krosby & S. Z. Dobrowski. 2023. Widespread exposure to altered fire regimes under 2°C warming is projected to transform conifer forests of the Western United States. Communications Earth and Environment. Publication abstract: Changes in wildfire frequency and severity are altering conifer forests and pose threats to biodiversity and natural climate solutions. Where and when feedbacks between vegetation and fire could mediate forest transformation are unresolved. Here, for the western U.S., we used climate analogs to measure exposure to fire-regime change; quantified the direction and spatial distribution of changes in burn severity; and intersected exposure with fire-resistance trait data. We measured exposure as multivariate dissimilarities between contemporary distributions of fire frequency, burn severity, and vegetation productivity and distributions supported by a 2 °C-warmer climate. We project exposure to fire-regime change across 65% of western US conifer forests and mean burn severity to ultimately decline across 63% because of feedbacks with forest productivity and fire frequency. We find that forests occupying disparate portions of climate space are vulnerable to projected fire-regime changes. Forests may adapt to future disturbance regimes, but trajectories remain uncertain.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Study Dataset: Shedding Light on CVSS Scoring Inconsistencies: A User- Centric Study on Evaluating Widespread Security Vulnerabilities

This record contains the study datasets, descriptive results and questionnaires from the paper "Shedding Light on CVSS Scoring Inconsistencies: A User-Centric Study on Evaluating Widespread Security Vulnerabilities" by Julia Wunder, Andreas Kurtz, Christian Eichenmüller, Freya Gassmann and Zinaida Benenson to appear in Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2024). The pseudonymous datasets contain data from the online surveys (main study with 196 participants and follow-up study with 59 participants). The first row gives the question codes and questions, the following rows gives the answers from the participants (see also README.md). We also provide descriptive results from the online surveys as PDF and the questionnaires. Please refer to the README.md file and our paper for further details about the data set and study.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

CO dataset: Widespread subsonic turbulence in Ophiuchus North 1

This is the CO dataset used in the paper: Widespread subsonic turbulence in Ophiuchus North 1 (<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...663A..82G/abstract">2022, A&A, 663, A82</a>).

FIG. 12 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 12. — Occurrence points of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp. in the ferruginous outcrops: A, Serra dos Carajás and surrounding area; B, São Félix do Xingu; C, São Geraldo do Araguaia; D, Serra Leste; E, Serra Norte; F, Serra Sul; G, Serra Tarzan and Bocaina.

FIG. 11 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 11. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., male (IBSP 11002), left gonopod (A, B) and right gonopod (C): A, cannula and prefemoral region, mesal view; B, distal region of the left gonopod; C, detail of apical region of femoral region and solenomere, showing the opening of seminal groove. Scale bars: A, B, 100 µm; C, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 9 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 9. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., gonopods: A, gonopods in situ, ventral view (IBSP 12509); B, fringed process on telopodite (IBSP 12509); C, right gonopod, ectal view (IBSP 7318); D, detail of post-prefemoral process (IBSP 7318); E, distal region of right gonopod (IBSP 6674); F, left gonopod, ventral view (IBSP 7318). Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 20 µm; C, F, 100 µm; D, 40 µm; E, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 5 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 5. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.: A, anterior region, anterior view (IBSP 4901); B, detail of head in anterior view (IBSP 6529); C, head, ventral view (IBSP 10929); D, detail of head, with labral region and mandibles, ventral view (IBSP 10929); E, head and gnathochilarium, ventral view (IBSP 10929); F, detail of head (IBSP 10929). Scale bars: A, 300 µm; B, 50 µm; C, E, 400 µm; D, F, 100 µm.

FIG. 10 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 10. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., male (IBSP 11002), left gonopod (A-C, F) and right gonopod (D, E): A, mesal view; B, submesal view; C, suboral view; D, submesal view; E, solenomere, submesal view; F, distal region, mesal view. Scale bars: A, 300 µm; B-D, 200 µm; E, F, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 6 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 6. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.: A, midbody ring, anterior view (IBSP 10929); B, detail of tergal region with limbus, anterior view (IBSP 10929); C, D, tergal microsculpture, anterior view (IBSP 10929); E, ventral region of female detailing the vulvae (IBSP 10822); F, detail of the vulvae, ventral view (IBSP 10822). Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, 100 µm; C, D, 10 µm; E, 400 µm; F, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 3 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 3. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., female: A, habitus, lateral view (IBSP 10822); B, midbody paraterga, lateral view (IBSP 10822); C, distal region of midbody paratergum, lateral view (IBSP 10929); D, detail of ozospore, lateral view (IBSP 10929), with an associate fungus detailed. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 200 µm; C, 100 µm; D, 40 µm.

FIG. 8 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 8. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.: A, posterior region, dorsal view (IBSP 10929); B, detail of epiproct, dorsal view (IBSP 10929); C, posterior region, ventral view (IBSP 4901); D, detail of paraproct, ventral view (IBSP 4901); E, detail of epiproct with spinnerets (IBSP 4901); F, detail of spinneret (IBSP 4901). Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, 300 µm; C, D, 100 µm; E, 400 µm; F, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 2 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 2. — Habitus of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp. (IBSP 6528): A, male in dorsal view; B, male in ventral view, with detail of anterior region; C, female in dorsal view; D, female in ventral view, with detail of anterior region; E, male in lateral view. Arrows in B and D indicating the gonopods and cyphopods, respectively. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 4 in Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

FIG. 4. — SEM of Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., female (IBSP 10929): A, last antennomeres, distal view; B, seventh antennomere, lateral view; C, detail of tufts on sixth antennomere, lateral view; D, detail of anterior tufts on fifth antennomere, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm; C, D, 40 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Gridcell response to widespread afforestation using a Convection Permitting Model

This folder contains gridcell absolute differences due to afforestation in: 1. Evaporation 2. Rainfall 3. Runoff 4. Overall Soil Moisture These are calculated for the overall period and for each season by calculating the difference between the afforestation and control land cover scenarios. There are also two maps which show the change in the topsoil moisture and the second layer below for summer.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Pattern of seasonal variation in rates of predation between spider families is temporally stable in a food web with widespread intraguild predation

Intraguild predation (IGP) – predation between generalist predators (IGPredator and IGPrey) that potentially compete for a shared prey resource – is a common interaction module in terrestrial food webs. Understanding temporal variation in webs with widespread IGP is relevant to testing food web theory. We investigated temporal constancy in the structure of such a system: the spider-focused food web of the forest floor. Multiplex PCR was used to detect prey DNA in 3,300 adult spiders collected from the floor of a deciduous forest during spring, summer, and fall over four years. Because only spiders were defined as consumers, the web was tripartite, with 11 consumer nodes (spider families) and 22 resource nodes: 11 non-spider arthropod taxa (order- or family-level) and the 11 spider families. Most (99%) spider-spider predation was on spider IGPrey, and ~90% of these interactions were restricted to spider families within the same broadly defined foraging mode (cursorial or web-spinning spiders). Bootstrapped-derived confidence intervals (BCI's) for two indices of web structure, restricted connectance and interaction evenness, overlapped broadly across years and seasons. A third index, % IGPrey (% IGPrey among all prey of spiders), was similar across years (~50%) but varied seasonally, with a summer rate (65%) ~1.8x higher than spring and fall. This seasonal pattern was consistent across years. Our results suggest that extensive spider predation on spider IGPrey that exhibits consistent seasonal variation in frequency, and that occurs primarily within two broadly defined spider-spider interaction pathways, must be incorporated into models of the dynamics of forest-floor food webs.

publicOct 2024View details →

Global shark fishing mortality still rising despite widespread regulatory change

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publicJun 2021View details →

Data from: Phylogeography of a widespread eastern North American shrub, Viburnum lantanoides

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