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Figure 2 in Note on rare knot worm, Polygordius madrasensis Aiyar and Alikunhi, 1944 (Polychaeta, Polygordiidae) from India

Figure 2. SEM images of Polygordius madrasensis: A. Ventral view of prostomium showing head fold and paired palps; B. lateral view of posterior end/pygidium with cirri; C. posterior end showing pygidial glands; D. ventral view of prostomium showing mouth; E. light microscopy image of habitus (pp: paired palps, hf: head fold, pc: pygidial cirri, pg: pygidial glands, m: mouth, py: pygidium).

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Text-fig. 1. Simplified map of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (BCB, the Czech Republic), showing the occurrence of Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS) in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin: Předboj, Plaňany, Velim-Skalka, Kutná Hora-Karlov, Chrtníky, Novosedlice ("Weisskirchlitz"), Želenice nad Bílinou ("Schillinge") and Klokočské Loučky. in Filogranula Cincta (G , 1831), A Serpulid Worm (Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Serpulidae) From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Text-fig. 1. Simplified map of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (BCB, the Czech Republic), showing the occurrence of Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS) in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin: Předboj, Plaňany, Velim-Skalka, Kutná Hora-Karlov, Chrtníky, Novosedlice ("Weisskirchlitz"), Želenice nad Bílinou ("Schillinge") and Klokočské Loučky.

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Text-fig. 3. Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS), locality Chrtníky (Early Turonian), no. NM-O7620, a – general view of two specimens attached to a lychniscosan sponge Diplodictyon heteromorphum. Length of the sponge is 60 mm. b – detail of the tubes. Length of the left tube is 5.4 mm. The diameter of the aperture is 1.2 mm. Length of the right tube is 6 mm without the looped posterior portion. The diameter of the aperture is 1.4 mm. Scale bars are 5 mm. in Filogranula Cincta (G , 1831), A Serpulid Worm (Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Serpulidae) From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Text-fig. 3. Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS), locality Chrtníky (Early Turonian), no. NM-O7620, a – general view of two specimens attached to a lychniscosan sponge Diplodictyon heteromorphum. Length of the sponge is 60 mm. b – detail of the tubes. Length of the left tube is 5.4 mm. The diameter of the aperture is 1.2 mm. Length of the right tube is 6 mm without the looped posterior portion. The diameter of the aperture is 1.4 mm. Scale bars are 5 mm.

Figure 3 in Characterisation of chitin in the cuticle of a velvet worm (Onychophora)

Figure 3. FT-IR spectra: overview (top), detail (below). Commercial α-chitin (a), extracted chitin from Peripatoides novaezealandiae (b), and β-chitin from cuttlebone (c).

Figure 2 in Characterisation of chitin in the cuticle of a velvet worm (Onychophora)

Figure 2. Structure of the cuticle of Peripatoides novaezealandiae. A SEM image of the dorsal cuticle showing transversely folded ridges with bristled and nonbristled papillae covered by ribbed 'scales'. B: Semithin section; note thinness of the cuticle (arrows). s papilla (arrowhead); co = collagen, ep = epidermis, mu = muscles. C: Low-power TEM image of the epidermis (ep), and cuticle (cu). Note the collagenous layer beneath the epidermis (co). D–F: High power TEM images showing the varying appearance of the epicuticle and the procuticle. D: Epicuticle (double-headed arrow) with several layers, the inner epicuticle (arrow) is osmiophilic; procuticle (pr) with fibrous (asterisk) and more compact parts (circle). E: Largely fibrous procuticle; the osmiophilic inner epicuticle seems to be reduced; note the space between layers 1 and 2 bridged by small vertical structures (arrow); unknown structures in the procuticle (arrowheads): F: Transition from the three-layered epicuticle (1, 2, 3) to the epicuticular parts with the space between layers 1 and 2. G: SEM images of the surface of a chitin isolate showing randomly arranged nanofibres. Inset: high power image of nanofibres.

Figure 1 in Characterisation of chitin in the cuticle of a velvet worm (Onychophora)

Figure 1. Preserved specimens (A–B) and chitin isolates (C–D) of Peripatoides novaezealandiae. A: Lateral view. B: Ventral view. C: Chitin skeleton of complete specimen. D: Chitin skeleton of a single segment.

Figure 4 in Characterisation of chitin in the cuticle of a velvet worm (Onychophora)

Figure 4. (a) Thermogravimetric (TG) and (b) derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of chitin isolated from Peripatoides novaezealandiae.

Fig. 5 in Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia

Fig. 5. Light microscopy of adult specimens collected in this study: A, anterior and B, posterior hooks of a female (132-1); C, anterior and D, posterior hooks of male specimens (131-7 and 132-3, respectively); buccal cadre of E, a female (132-1) and F, a male (132-3); G and H, copulatory spicule of males (131-7 and 131-5, respectively). Scale bars = 50µm.

Fig. 4 in Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph: A) ventral view of the full body; B) ventral view of the anterior part of the nymph showing two pairs of hooks with dorsal accessory pieces, mouth, sensory papillae (white arrows) and sensillae (within yellow square); C) magnified view of the sensillae; D) magnified view of hooks and dorsal accessory pieces from one side of the body; E) magnified view of the annulus, showing sensory pores (green square) and row of well-developed annular spines; F) magnified view of the annular spines; G) posterior end of the nymph.

Fig. 6 in Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic trees based on the Cox1 (a) and 18sRNA (b) sequences for Linguatula spp., with Armillifer agkistrodontis as an outgroup for Cox1 and 18sRNA sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities values over 85% are indicated above the branches.

Fig. 3 in Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy of the male specimen: A) ventral side of the cranial region of the parasite, showing the mouth, two pairs of hooks and the two pairs of papillae (arrows), with the genital pore interrupting the annular rows midline; B) magnified view of the mouth; C) magnified view of the sensory sensillae; D) showing arrangement and structure of the annulus' sensory pores (arrows) and spines (within the square); E to G) variation in the posterior end of the male specimens.

Fig. 1 in Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia

Fig. 1. Template for measurement conventions of the adult hook and fulcrum. AB – hook gape; AC – blade length; AD – hook length; BC – base length; CD – plateau length; BD – hook width; FL – fulcrum length.

Fig. 2 in Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy of female specimens: A) ventral side of the cranial region of the parasite, showing the mouth, two pairs of hooks and the single row of sensory pores on each annulus; B) magnified view of the mouth; C) magnified view of a hook; D) magnified view of the sensory sensillae; E & F) showing arrangement and structure of the annulus' sensory pores (see arrows); G) mouth in another specimen; H & I) ventral side of the cranial region of two other female specimens showing variations in the morphology of the head. Arrows are pointing at papillae; J) posterior end of the female showing terminal cleft (see the arrow).

Fig. 7 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 7. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph #8–5 from African buffalo: A) full view of the parasite; B) anterior end of the parasite showing the mouth and hooks; C) location of sensillae; D) right anterior dorsal accessory piece (white box), left anterior dorsal accessory piece (blue box) and annular spines (orange boxes); E & F) tip of the right anterior dorsal accessory piece; G) tip of the right posterior dorsal accessory piece; H) tip of the left anterior dorsal accessory piece; I) tip of the left posterior dorsal accessory piece; J) rows of annular spines on the mid-body region (ventral); K) pore (arrow) and annular spines in mid body region (ventral view); L) posterior end of the parasite (ventral view). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 6. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph #8–2 from African buffalo: A) full view of the parasite; B) anterior end of the parasite showing the mouth, hooks, sensillae (the squares at the top of the image) and the sensory papilla (white square); C) & D) magnified view of the right and left sensillae, respectively; E) structure of the surface of the oral papilla; F to H) left anterior, right anterior and right posterior hooks, respectively; I) annular spines on the anterior ventral region; J) tips of the annular spines; K) pores and annular spine in mid body region (ventral); L) posterior end of the parasite (ventral view).

Fig. 3 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy of an adult male Linguatula nuttali from Panthera leo. Colours and shapes in images are enlargement of the corresponding areas in the previous images: A) ventral view of the anterior end of the parasite; B) magnified view of the anterior end indicating location of the minute tentacles on the right side of the parasite; C) magnified view of the right tentacles. Note presence of minute structures around tentacles (arrows); D) Tentacles and the minute structures on the left side of the anterior end; E) mouth; F) magnified view of the most anterior right hook; G) magnified view of the posterior right hook; H) magnified view of a sensory papilla located lateral to the genital pore; I) genital pore; J) magnified view of the posterior left hook; K) arrangement of the annuli on the abdominal region of the parasites; L) magnified view of the border of the annuli in the abdominal region showing presence and arrangements of the scale like projections and pores (arrow); Note presence of multiple rows of scale like projections on the posterior of each annulus and a row of pores on the anterior part of each annulus; M) posterior end showing the terminal cleft (ventral view). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1. Linguatula nuttali female specimen collected from Panthera leo. A in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 1. Linguatula nuttali female specimen collected from Panthera leo. A) Anterior end, ventral surface. B) L. nuttali (on the right) compared to a specimen of L. serrata collected from a Canis familiaris in Australia (on the left). Note the differences in annuli and overall body shape. C) Posterior ends of L. nuttali (on the bottom) compared to a specimen of L. serrata collected from a C. familiaris in Australia (on the top). Note the deep cleft in the posterior end of L. nuttali compared to the posterior end of L. serrata. D) The posterior end of L. nuttali showing the deep cleft.

Fig. 2 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 2. Linguatula nuttali female specimen collected from Panthera leo (A to C) and female nymph collected from African buffalo (D to H). A) High magnification of the cuticular annulation. Cuticle taken from near the anterior end. Bottom of annulus has "scales" and a single row of pores across the middle of the annulus. B) Anterior hook and fulcrum. C) Posterior hook and fulcrum. D) Ventral view of the anterior end. E) Magnified view of the buccal cadre and hooks. F) Buccal cadre. G. Anterior hook. H. Posterior hook.

Fig. 4 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph #7–2 from African buffalo: A) ventral view of the anterior end of the parasite showing the mouth, hooks (including dorsal accessory pieces (and magnified view of the tip of the dorsal accessory piece in the white square at the bottom right of 4A)), sensillae (the white squares at the top of the image); B) view of the outline of the buccal capsule with the oral papilla; C) magnified view of the oral papilla; D) right anterior hook and dorsal accessory piece (arrow) with magnified view of the tip of the latter shown in the white square box; E) dorsal accessory piece of the left anterior hook; F) arrangement of the first row of the annular spines located between the posterior hooks; G) pores and annular spines in mid body region (ventral); H) tips of the annular spines; I) oblique/lateral view of the posterior end of the parasite; J) full view of the parasite.

Fig. 5 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph #7–5 from African buffalo: A) full view of the parasite; B) ventral view of the anterior end of the parasite showing the mouth, hooks, sensillae (the squares at the top of the image) and the sensory papilla (white square); C) mouth; D to G) right anterior, right posterior, left anterior and left posterior dorsal accessory pieces, respectively; H) arrangement of the first rows of the annular spines located between the posterior hooks; I) annular spines on the anterior ventral region; J) tips of the annular spines; K) rows of annular spines (mid-body region); L) pores and annular spines in mid body region (ventral); M) pores and annular spine in posterior region (ventral); N) posterior end of the parasite (ventral view).