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1,952 results for “actionality”
Data from: Management actions shape dung beetle community structure and functional traits in restored tallgrass prairie
<p>1. Ecosystem restoration often focuses on reestablishing species richness and diversity of native organisms, especially plants. However, effective restoration requires re-establishment of ecosystem functions and processes by all trophic levels. Functional trait descriptions of communities, including decomposer communities, may provide more comprehensive evaluations of restoration activities and management than taxonomic community metrics alone.</p> <p>2. We examined species and functional trait composition of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae) communities across a 3-31 year chronosequence of restored prairies, in which sites varied in the presence of re-introduced bison and prescribed fire. We calculated functional diversity metrics and community-weighted mean trait values using behavioral and morphological measurements. We also performed a dung decomposition experiment to measure an ecosystem function driven by these insects.</p> <p>3. Bison presence doubled beetle abundance and increased richness by 50%. Shannon diversity increased with restoration age, nearly doubling from the youngest to oldest restorations. Functional diversity was unchanged, except functional richness, which was reduced by bison and fire presence. Beetles were, on average, smaller in older restorations, although this pattern was weaker when bison were present.</p> <p>4. Dung decomposition was unaffected by site characteristics but increased with community weighted mean beetle mass. Dung decomposition was better predicted by mean trait values, suggesting that supporting large-bodied species may be more important than species diversity in settings where maximizing decomposition function is a goal.</p> <p>5. Restoration managers should consider dung beetle communities and their functional characteristics when making management decisions, particularly where large grazers are a component of management strategies.</p> <p> </p>
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Action-Outcome Monitoring in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
<p>Data set of the publication: Straube, B., van Kemenade, B.M., Kircher, T. & Schülke, R. (2020). Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Action-Outcome Monitoring in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. <em>Brain Communications.</em> doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa151</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Background:</strong> Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) often demonstrate impairments in action-outcome monitoring. Passivity phenomena and hallucinations, in particular, have been related to impairments of efference copy-based predictions which are relevant for the monitoring of outcomes produced by voluntary action. Frontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to improve action-outcome monitoring in healthy subjects. However, whether tDCS can improve action monitoring in patients with SSD remains unknown.</p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> We investigated whether tDCS can improve the detection of temporal action-outcome discrepancies in patients with SSD.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> On 4 separate days, we applied sham or left cathodal/right anodal tDCS in a randomised order to frontal (F3/F4), parietal (CP3/CP4) and frontoparietal (F3/CP4) areas of 19 patients with SSD and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects. Action-outcome monitoring was assessed subsequent to 10 min of sham/tDCS (1.5 mA). After a self-generated (active) or externally generated (passive) key press, subjects were presented with a visual outcome (a dot on the screen), which was presented after various delays (0–417 ms). Participants had to detect delays between the key press and the visual consequence. Symptom subgroups were explored based on the presence or absence of symptoms related to a paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome (SSD phs+/phs-).</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> In general, delay-detection performance was impaired in the SSD compared to the HC group. Interaction analyses showed group-specific (SSD vs HC) and symptom-specific (SSD phs+ vs SSD phs-) tDCS effects. Post-hoc tests revealed that frontal tDCS improved the detection of long delays in active conditions and reduced the proportion of false alarms in undelayed trials of the passive condition in patients. The SSD phs- group benefited especially from frontal tDCS in active conditions, while improvement in the SSD phs+ group was predominantly reflected in reduced false alarm rates in passive conditions.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These data provide some first evidence for the potential utility of tDCS in improving efference copy mechanisms and action-outcome monitoring in SSD. Current data indicate that improving efference copy-related processes can be especially effective in patients with no or few positive symptoms, while intersensory matching (i.e. task-relevant in passive conditions) could be more susceptible to improvement in patients with paranoid-hallucinatory symptoms.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> transcranial direct current stimulation; action-perception; action feedback; delay detection; schizophrenia.</p> <p> </p>
Raw data and supplementary material of the fifth inter-laboratory testing program (RRT5, self-healing concrete with macrocapsules) of the EU COST action SARCOS
<p>This data is the result of a collaboration of scientists working on the development of self-healing concrete within the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action “Self-healing as preventive repair of concrete structures” SARCOS CA15202.</p> <p>In the framework of SARCOS 6 inter-laboratory testing programs are being executed to investigate possible standard test methods for self-healing concrete, each of the testing programs focusing on a different self-healing technique:<br> (1) Concrete with mineral additions,<br> (2) Concrete with the addition of magnesium oxide,<br> (3) Concrete enhanced with crystalline admixtures,<br> (4) High performance fibre reinforced concrete enhanced with crystalline admixtures,<br> (5) Concrete with preplaced macrocapsules containing polymeric healing agent, and<br> (6) Concrete with encapsulated bacteria.</p> <p>The data which can be found here have been obtained in the inter-laboratory testing program 5 "Concrete with preplaced macrocapsules containing polymeric healing agent". In total 6 labs participated in this testing program: Ghent University, Politecnico di Torino, Riga Technical University, Cracow University of Technology, Cambridge University, and KU Leuven (Ghent Technology Campus). All specimens were cast at Ghent University and were then distributed to the different labs, where they were tested.</p> <p>The testing program consisted of tests on both concrete and mortar specimens. The reinforced concrete specimens were cracked in a displacement-controlled three-point bending setup. Subsequently, they were subjected to two capillary water absorption tests, each with a different waterproofing technique. The mortar specimens were not reinforced, instead they were provided with a Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminate at the top. They were cracked in a force-controlled three-point bending setup, and immediately an active crack width control technique was applied to restrain the crack width of the specimens to a desired crack width range. After measuring of the crack width, the water permeability of the mortar specimens was accessed in a water flow test. In the end, the specimens were cracked open to assess the spread of the polyurethane healing agent.</p>
On the Relationship between Refactoring Actions and Bugs: A Differentiated Replication -- Replication Package
<p>This dataset contains working data sets and analysis scripts for the paper "On the Relationship between Refactorings and Bugs: A Differentiated Replication" by Massimiliano Di Penta, Gabriele Bavota, and Fiorella Zampetti, published at the ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2020).</p>
Plasticity, ligand conformation and enzyme action of Mycobacterium smegmatis MutT1
<p><em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> MutT1 (<em>Ms</em>MutT1) is a sanitation enzyme made up of an N-terminal Nudix hydrolase domain and a C-terminal domain resembling a histidine phosphatase. It has been established that the action of MutT1 on 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-GTP and diadenosine polyphosphates is modulated by intermolecular interactions. In order to further explore this and to elucidate the structural basis of its differential action on 8-oxo-NTPs and unsubstituted NTPs, the crystal structures of complexes of <em>Ms</em>MutT1 with 8-oxo-dGTP, GMPPNP and GMPPCP have been determined. Replacement soaking was used in order to ensure that the complexes were isomorphous to one another. Analysis of the structural data led to the elucidation of a relationship between the arrangements of molecules observed in the crystals, molecular plasticity and the action of the enzyme on nucleotides. The dominant mode of arrangement involving a head-to-tail sequence predominantly leads to the generation of NDPs. The other mode of packing arrangement appears to preferentially generate NMPs. This work also provides interesting insights into the dependence of enzyme action on the conformation of the ligand. The possibility of modulating the enzyme action through differences in intermolecular interactions and ligand conformations makes <em>Ms</em>MutT1 a versatile enzyme.</p>
Plasticity, ligand conformation and enzyme action of Mycobacterium smegmatis MutT1
<p><em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> MutT1 (<em>Ms</em>MutT1) is a sanitation enzyme made up of an N-terminal Nudix hydrolase domain and a C-terminal domain resembling a histidine phosphatase. It has been established that the action of MutT1 on 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-GTP and diadenosine polyphosphates is modulated by intermolecular interactions. In order to further explore this and to elucidate the structural basis of its differential action on 8-oxo-NTPs and unsubstituted NTPs, the crystal structures of complexes of <em>Ms</em>MutT1 with 8-oxo-dGTP, GMPPNP and GMPPCP have been determined. Replacement soaking was used in order to ensure that the complexes were isomorphous to one another. Analysis of the structural data led to the elucidation of a relationship between the arrangements of molecules observed in the crystals, molecular plasticity and the action of the enzyme on nucleotides. The dominant mode of arrangement involving a head-to-tail sequence predominantly leads to the generation of NDPs. The other mode of packing arrangement appears to preferentially generate NMPs. This work also provides interesting insights into the dependence of enzyme action on the conformation of the ligand. The possibility of modulating the enzyme action through differences in intermolecular interactions and ligand conformations makes <em>Ms</em>MutT1 a versatile enzyme.</p>
Plasticity, ligand conformation and enzyme action of Mycobacterium smegmatis MutT1
<p><em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> MutT1 (<em>Ms</em>MutT1) is a sanitation enzyme made up of an N-terminal Nudix hydrolase domain and a C-terminal domain resembling a histidine phosphatase. It has been established that the action of MutT1 on 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-GTP and diadenosine polyphosphates is modulated by intermolecular interactions. In order to further explore this and to elucidate the structural basis of its differential action on 8-oxo-NTPs and unsubstituted NTPs, the crystal structures of complexes of <em>Ms</em>MutT1 with 8-oxo-dGTP, GMPPNP and GMPPCP have been determined. Replacement soaking was used in order to ensure that the complexes were isomorphous to one another. Analysis of the structural data led to the elucidation of a relationship between the arrangements of molecules observed in the crystals, molecular plasticity and the action of the enzyme on nucleotides. The dominant mode of arrangement involving a head-to-tail sequence predominantly leads to the generation of NDPs. The other mode of packing arrangement appears to preferentially generate NMPs. This work also provides interesting insights into the dependence of enzyme action on the conformation of the ligand. The possibility of modulating the enzyme action through differences in intermolecular interactions and ligand conformations makes <em>Ms</em>MutT1 a versatile enzyme.</p>
Plasticity, ligand conformation and enzyme action of Mycobacterium smegmatis MutT1
<p><em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> MutT1 (<em>Ms</em>MutT1) is a sanitation enzyme made up of an N-terminal Nudix hydrolase domain and a C-terminal domain resembling a histidine phosphatase. It has been established that the action of MutT1 on 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-GTP and diadenosine polyphosphates is modulated by intermolecular interactions. In order to further explore this and to elucidate the structural basis of its differential action on 8-oxo-NTPs and unsubstituted NTPs, the crystal structures of complexes of <em>Ms</em>MutT1 with 8-oxo-dGTP, GMPPNP and GMPPCP have been determined. Replacement soaking was used in order to ensure that the complexes were isomorphous to one another. Analysis of the structural data led to the elucidation of a relationship between the arrangements of molecules observed in the crystals, molecular plasticity and the action of the enzyme on nucleotides. The dominant mode of arrangement involving a head-to-tail sequence predominantly leads to the generation of NDPs. The other mode of packing arrangement appears to preferentially generate NMPs. This work also provides interesting insights into the dependence of enzyme action on the conformation of the ligand. The possibility of modulating the enzyme action through differences in intermolecular interactions and ligand conformations makes <em>Ms</em>MutT1 a versatile enzyme.</p>
Blue-Action
<p>This archives supplementary information for D5.13 Evaluation of the polar lows forecast system (related to Case Study 3). The data produced are uploaded. Descriptions of methods and scripts are given in:</p> <p>To_create_Marine_Cold_Air_Outbreaks_MCAO_data_from_ERA_Interim.pdf</p> <p>Analysing_anomalies_of_a_few_weather_variables_associated_with_MCAO_event_durations.pdf</p> <p>Further analyses that are not presented in D5.13 are also provided:</p> <p>kingetal_2020_weatherpatternsassociatedwithmcaos.pdf</p>
The encoding of stochastic regularities is facilitated by action-effect predictions
<p>The data represent the raw EEG datasets generated and analysed during the current study, along with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) solutions computed for the active and passive tasks, respectively. For details regarding the EEG preprocessing, statistical analyses, and results, please refer to the main manuscript body.</p>
COVID-CDR: An integrative resource for network-based investigation of COVID-19 combinatorial drug repositioning and mechanism of action
<p>Repurposing of the existing medications has become the mainstream focus of anti-COVID-19 drug discovery as it offers rapid and cost-effective solutions for therapeutic development. However, a great effort is still required to enhance the efficacy of repurposing therapeutic options through combination therapy, in which promising drugs with varying mechanisms of action are administered together. Nonetheless, our ability to identify and validate effective combinations is limited due to the vast number of possible drug pairs. Yet, there is no <span>available resource that</span> <span>can systematically guide to identify or choose the effective individual drugs or best possible synergistic drug combinations for the treatment of SARS-CoV</span>-<span>2 infection.</span> To address this resource gap<span>, we </span>developed <span>a web-based platform that displays the network-based mechanism of action of drug combinations, thus simultaneously </span>providing <span>a visual of the cellular interactome involved in modes of action of the chosen drugs. The platform allows the freedom to </span>select <span>two or more drug combinations and provides the options to investigate the network-based efficacy of drug combinations and understand the similarity score, primary indications, and pairwise synergistic scores on different cell-lines. In a nutshell, the platform (accessible via </span><a href="http://vafaeelab.com/COVID19_repositioning.html"><span>http://vafaeelab.com/COVID19_repositioning.html</span></a><span>) is the first of its type, which provides a systematic approach for pre-clinical investigation of combination therapy for treating COVID-19 at the fingertips of the clinicians or researchers.</span></p>
Actionable Data Visualizations
<p>1<sup>st</sup> Lecture</p>
Endurance and Avoidance Response Patterns in Pain Patients: Application of Action Control Theory in Pain Research
<p>Identifying pain-related response patterns and understanding underlying functional mechanisms of symptom formation and recovery are essential steps for tailoring interventions to increase the effectiveness of treatment. The focus of this study thus was to replicate pain-related avoidance and endurance response patterns associated with the Fear-Avoidance Model (FAM) and Avoidance-Endurance Model (AEM) by means of latent profile analysis. Apart from the analysis of primary and other secondary characteristics of the pain response profiles, we especially analyzed the influence of stress and action control as covariates in accordance with Action Control Theory (ACT).</p>
Different types of kinase inhibitors with experimentally confirmed mechanism of action
<p>A data set of ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors of human protein kinases with mechanisms of action confirmed by X-ray crystallography is provided. Data were acquired from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and the KLIFS, ProfKin, ASD, and ChEMBL databases, curated, and organized. The composition of the data set is detailed in the accompanying readme.txt file.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
The cultural transmission of causally (ir)relevant actions in the laboratory: Does modelling or verbal instruction lead to greater copying fidelity?
<p>This study examines the fidelity with which adults vs. children transmit a set of actions within diffusion chains (generations 1 to 3). The set consisted of causally relevant and causally irrelevant actions. Half of the adult and half of the child chains transmitted the actions via demonstration (next participant saw the previous perform the actions on video); the other half transmitted them verbally (next participant listened to audio file the previous participant describe his/her actions). We measured whether the actions were retained (i.e. re-produced by each next participant in the chain).</p>
Crossing hands behind your back reduces recall of manual action sentences and alters brain dynamics
<p>The experiment involved a 2 Verb (manual, attentional) x 2 Hand posture (front, behind) within-participant design. Half of the participants were assigned randomly to one of the two sets of 120 experimental sentences. The sentences were divided into 12 experimental blocks of 11 sentences each: 5 manual and 5 attentional sentences as experimental materials, and 1 filler sentence that was added at the beginning of each block to discard recall primacy effects and excluded from the analysis. An additional block of 5 sentences was used as practice. Each experimental block consisted of: a) learning phase, including the 10 experimental sentences in random order, plus the initial filler sentence, b) one-minute distractive task, c) recall phase.</p> <p>For more information about the data, please refer to the Corresponding Author</p>
Commonalities and differences in predictive neural processing of discrete vs continuous action feedback
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Schmitter, C.V., Steinsträter, O., Kircher, T., van Kemenade, B.M., Straube, B. (2021). Commonalities and differences in predictive neural processing of discrete vs continuous action feedback. <em>NeuroImage.</em> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117745">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117745</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Details can be found in the readme file.</p>
Data from: Combining role-play with interactive simulation to motivate informed climate action: evidence from the World Climate simulation
Climate change communication efforts grounded in the information deficit model have largely failed to close the gap between scientific and public understanding of the risks posed by climate change. In response, simulations have been proposed to enable people to learn for themselves about this complex and politically charged topic. Here we assess the impact of a widely-used simulation, World Climate, which combines a socially and emotionally engaging role-play with interactive exploration of climate change science through the C-ROADS climate simulation model. Participants take on the roles of delegates to the UN climate negotiations and are challenged to create an agreement that meets international climate goals. Their decisions are entered into C-ROADS, which provides immediate feedback about expected global climate impacts, enabling them to learn about climate change while experiencing the social dynamics of negotiations. We assess the impact of World Climate by analyzing pre- and post-survey results from >2,000 participants in 39 sessions in eight nations. We find statistically significant gains in three areas: (i) knowledge of climate change causes, dynamics and impacts; (ii) affective engagement including greater feelings of urgency and hope; and (iii) a desire to learn and do more about climate change. Contrary to the deficit model, gains in urgency were associated with gains in participants' desire to learn more and intent to act, while gains in climate knowledge were not. Gains were just as strong among American participants who oppose government regulation of free markets - a political ideology that has been linked to climate change denial in the US - suggesting the simulation's potential to reach across political divides. The results indicate that World Climate offers a climate change communication tool that enables people to learn and feel for themselves, which together have the potential to motivate action informed by science.
An appendix to the article: "'Completive' semantic component and a lexeme-based approach to actional classification in Russian" (Приложение к статье: «Семантический компонент 'комплетив' и «полексемный» подход к акциональной классификации в русском языке»)
<p>An appendix to the article “‘Completive’ semantic component and a lexeme-based approach to actional classification in Russian” by Maksim (L.) Fedotov [in Russian] (<em>Voprosy Jazykoznanija</em>, 2019, 3: 7–44. URL: <a href="http://vja.ruslang.ru/en/archive/2019-3/7-44">http://vja.ruslang.ru/en/archive/2019-3/7-44</a>. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.31857/S0373658X0004896-4">10.31857/S0373658X0004896-4</a>). The appendix contains a table, in which 45 Russian perfective and imperfective verbs are analyzed by applying to them a system of tests descibed in the article and thus assigning to them an actional (aspectual) characteristic.</p> <p>Приложение к статье М. Л. Федотова «Семантический компонент ‘комплетив’ и «полексемный» подход к акциональной классификации в русском языке» (<em>Вопросы языкознания</em>, 2019, 3: 7–44. URL: <a href="http://vja.ruslang.ru/ru/archive/2019-3/7-44">http://vja.ruslang.ru/ru/archive/2019-3/7-44</a>. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.31857/S0373658X0004896-4">10.31857/S0373658X0004896-4</a>). Приложение содержит таблицу с анализом 45 глаголов русского языка совершенного и несовершенного вида, к которым применяется описанная в статье система тестов, и которым на её основании присваиваются те или иные акциональные ярлыки.</p> <p>* * *</p> <p>Annotations for the article itself:</p> <p>Maksim (L.) Fedotov. <em>‘‘Completive’ semantic component and a lexeme-based approach to actional classification in Russian</em> [in Russian].</p> <p>The paper discusses two related aspectological topics. First section examines the ‘completive’ — i. e. ‘attainment of the internal limit’ — meaning (together with its counterpart ‘incompletive’, i. e. ‘non-attainment of the internal limit’). Its localization in the semantic structure of the utterance is determined: between aspect proper and actionality proper. Also, ‘completive’ can be included under the semantic scope of an iterative operator. It is argued that ‘completive’ is contained as a fixed component in the semantics of some Russian Imperfective verbs such as <em>sgorat’ </em>‘burn (down)’ and <em>pročityvat’ </em>‘read (through)’.</p> <p>Second section demonstrates practical possibility and the advantages of a single-verb approach to actional classification in Russian, an approach which is not based on the notion of aspectual pairs. Actional properties are ascribed separately to single Perfective and Imperfective verbs on the basis of uniform tests. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on a pilot sample of Perfective and Imperfective verbs.</p> <p>М. Л. Федотов. <em>Семантический компонент ‘комплетив’ и «полексемный» подход к акциональной классификации в русском языке</em>.</p> <p>В статье обсуждаются два связанных аспектологических сюжета. Во-первых, рассматривается значение ‘комплетив’, т. е. ‘достижение предела’ (а также парное ‘инкомплетив’, т. е. ‘недостижение предела’). Определяется его локализация в семантической структуре высказывания: между собственно аспектом и собственно акциональностью. Также ‘комплетив’ может включаться в сферу действия итеративного оператора. Аргументируется гипотеза о наличии фиксированного компонента ‘комплетив’ в семантике русских глаголов НСВ типа <em>сгорать </em>и <em>прочитывать</em>.</p> <p>Во-вторых, демонстрируется практическая возможность и преимущества «полексемного» — без апелляции к видовым парам — подхода к акциональной классификации в русском языке. Акциональные характеристики приписываются отдельным глаголам совершенного вида (СВ) и несовершенного вида (НСВ) на основании однотипных тестов. Работоспособность метода демонстрируется на тестовой выборке глаголов СВ и НСВ.</p>
The egocentric nature of action-sound associations
<p>These are the data of the corresponding manuscript: "The egocentric nature of action-sound associations" by Nicole Navolio, Guillaume Lemaitre, Alain Forget, and Laurie M. Heller.</p> <p>These are Matlab .mat files. Each file corresponds to one participant. There are four variables:</p> <p>- Accuracy: 0 = incorrect answer; 1= correct answer</p> <p>- Time: response time in ms. </p> <p>- Congruency: type of trial. 1 = incongruent, 2=congruent, 3=nosound</p> <p>- Order: trial order.</p> <p>Each variable is Nx2 matrix. N is the number of trials. First line is up gesture, second line is right gesture. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.