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Figure 3 in The guild of saprobiontic nematodes associated with ants (Formicoidea)

Figure 3. Sketches of a female/hermaphrodite of gen. et sp. nov.incertae sedis(lateral view). A) Anterior end, showing jointed stoma and pharynx with median bulb and counter valves in the terminal bulb. B) Anisotopic stoma from the left side. C) Posterior end with lateral lines and phasmid.

Figure 5 in The guild of saprobiontic nematodes associated with ants (Formicoidea)

Figure 5. Records of seven species of Rhabditida associated with different ant species. 1) Diploscapter lycostoma, 2) Oscheius dolichura, 3) Pristionchus Lheritierigroup, 4) Koerneria histophora, 5) Oscheius janeti, 6) Diplogasteroides spengelii, 7) Halicephalobus similigaster. Data from Janet (1893), Wahab (1962), Nickle & Ayre (1966), Markin & McCoy (1968), Köhler (2012) and this article.

Figure 4 in The guild of saprobiontic nematodes associated with ants (Formicoidea)

Figure 4. Frequency distribution of six species of nematode dauerlarvae in the heads of ants. The species are: 1) Diploscapter lycostoma, 2) Oscheius dolichura, 3) Koerneria histophora, 4) Pristionchus Lheritieri group, 5) Diplogasteroides spengelii, 6) Halicephalobus similigaster. A) Numbers of workers infested by these species, based on a total of 1770 specimens found to be infested out of 5195 specimens investigated from 16 ant species (data from Wahab, 1962). B) Likewise, based on 77 of 150 workers of Lasius brunneus found to be infested (data from Wahab, 1962). C) Numbers of dauerlarvae of the different nematode species in the 114 of 262 workers ofLasius brunneusfrom seven locations found to be infested (data from Köhler, 2008, 2012). Note: As the point of reference is different, diagrams B and C are not directly comparable.

Figure 2 in The guild of saprobiontic nematodes associated with ants (Formicoidea)

Figure 2. Comparison of original sketches of ensheathed third-stage juveniles of Oscheius cf. janeti (A, D–F) with drawings based on de Man (1894) of a dauerlarva of O. janeti from the postpharyngeal glands of Formica (B–C) in lateral view. A, B) Anterior ends, showing the distinctive lip region and long, narrow stoma (pharyngeal collar not shown). C, E) Tail ends of the corresponding specimens (A/E, B/C). D, F) Tail ends of two further dauerlarvae. One difference in my specimens was the dorsal notch anterior of the drill-like tail end.

opennotspecifiedAug 2024View details →

Figure 7. Interactions between tarantulas and ants. A in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 7. Interactions between tarantulas and ants. A. Avicularia purpurea (marked with an arrow) in its arboreal retreat, living with a colony of an unidentified species of Camponotus, Tena, Napo, Ecuador. B. Tapinauchenius cupreus living with Camponotus femoratus in a tree cavity, Río Momón, Loreto, Peru. C. Stichoplastoris cf. obelix, spiderlings, and Labidus coecus ants not being interested in the spiders, Reserva Biológica Tirimbina, Heredia Province, Costa Rica. D. Same, spiderlings gathered at the maternal burrow entrance, with ants moving close to the entrance. E. Avicularia hirschii displaying an escape strategy against Labidus ants, Madre de Dios, Peru. F. Tapinauchenius plumipes caught, killed and carved up by the army ants Eciton burchellii, Montsinéry-Tonnegrande Commune, French Guiana. D reproduced from Lapinski (2019). Photo credits: Rick C. West (A, B, F), Witold Lapinski (C, D), and Emanuele Biggi (E).

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Data from: Nuclear DNA based species delineations of Coccus scale insects in symbiosis with plants and ants, and the role of plant epicuticular wax in structuring associations

We undertook phylogenetic analysis of nuclear DNA to elucidate species boundaries in the symbiotic Coccus scale insects associated with mutualistic Crematogaster ants and Macaranga plants occurring in the ever-wet forests of Southeast Asia. The coccid specimens clustered into ten lineages, each corresponding to a morphospecies assignment. The lineage identified as C. secretus was separated from the Main Clade by an outgroup. We also examined all pairwise associations among the three symbiont guilds to understand how patterns of association were structured. The analyses revealed that each ant, plant or coccid operational (taxonomic) unit often associated with multiple O(T)Us of each of the other two guilds. However, where testing was feasible, a 'preference' for one or sometimes two partner O(T)Us of each guild was often detected. Mutual 'preferences' or 'avoidances' were relatively common among the symbionts, and no conflicts of interest were apparent. The network of preferred partners among all three guilds showed compartmentalization structured by the presence/absence of plant epicuticular wax, suggesting that this feature plays a fundamental role in how the symbionts select partners that best serve their needs. To a lesser degree, the network was also structured by whether the host plant stems were ant-excavated or hollowed naturally.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Cryptic diversity, high host specificity and reproductive synchronization in army ant-associated Vatesus beetles

Army ants and their arthropod symbionts represent one of the most species-rich animal associations on Earth, and constitute a fascinating example of diverse host-symbiont interaction networks. However, despite decades of research, our knowledge of army ant symbionts remains fragmentary due to taxonomic ambiguity and the inability to study army ants in the lab. Here we present an integrative approach that allows us to reliably determine species boundaries, assess biodiversity, match different developmental stages and sexes, and to study the life cycles of army ant symbionts. This approach is based on a combination of community sampling, DNA barcoding, morphology and physiology. As a test case, we applied this approach to the staphylinid beetle genus Vatesus and its different Eciton army ant host species at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. DNA barcoding led to the discovery of cryptic biodiversity and, in combination with extensive community sampling, revealed strict host partitioning with no overlap in host range. Using DNA barcoding, we were also able to match the larval stages of all focal Vatesus species. In combination with studies of female reproductive physiology, this allowed us to reconstruct almost the complete life cycles of the different beetle species. We show that Vatesus beetles are highly adapted to the symbiosis with army ants, in that their reproduction and larval development are synchronized with the stereotypical reproductive and behavioral cycles of their host colonies. Our approach can now be used to study army ant-symbiont communities more broadly, and to obtain novel insights into co-evolutionary and ecological dynamics in species-rich host-symbiont systems.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

opennotspecifiedMay 2009View details →

Figure 1 in Within-nest abundance of a tropical cockroach Pseudoanaplectinia yumotoi associated with Crematogaster ants inhabiting epiphytic fern domatia in a Bornean dipterocarp forest

Figure 1. Response of Crematogaster difformis workers to cockroaches of two species and conspecific and allospecific ant workers.

opennotspecifiedJun 2017View details →

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic Review and Natural History Notes of the Army Ant-Associated Beetle Genus Ecclisister Reichensperger (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae)

Fig. 2. Collection sites and phylogenetic tree of barcoded Ecclisister costaericae populations. A) Map of Central and South America depicting the collection sites of studied Ecclisister specimens, B) RAxML tree of COI sequence data (658bp) depicting genetic divergence of E. costaericae from different populations. Bootstrap support (1,000 replications) is given at branches of interest. The scale bar represents expected substitutions per site as inferred by the RAxML algorithm. The haeteriine species Cheilister lucidulus Reichensperger (GenBank accession number: KX420342; von Beeren and Tishechkin, 2017) and Clientister henrici Reichensperger (GenBank accession number: KX420343; von Beeren and Tishechkin, 2017), both members of the tribe Nymphistrini, served as outgroups. Sample names are given at tips (for more information, see Table 1).

opennotspecifiedJun 2017View details →

Fig. 1. Ecclisister species. E in Taxonomic Review and Natural History Notes of the Army Ant-Associated Beetle Genus Ecclisister Reichensperger (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae)

Fig. 1. Ecclisister species. E. bickhardti lectotype: a) dorsal view, b) lateral view, c) ventral view, d) frontal head, e) aedeagus, dorsal view, f) aedeagus, lateral view; E. costaericae lectotype: g) dorsal view, h) lateral view, i) ventral view, j) frontal head, k) aedeagus, dorsal view, l) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: a–c, g–i = 1 mm; d and j = 0.2 mm. Dorsal and lateral views of aedeagi are at the same scale.

Figure 5 in Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) and its association with ants on Ozoroa pulcherrima (Anacardiaceae)

Figure 5. Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov., egg and immatures. (a) Habitus of fifth instar, left side; (b) egg clusters and immatures; (c) caudal plate; (d) colony covered in honeydew; (e) circumanal ring.

Figure 4 in Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) and its association with ants on Ozoroa pulcherrima (Anacardiaceae)

Figure 4. Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov., terminalia and egg. (a) Male terminalia, in profile; (b) inner face of paramere; (c) distal two segments of aedeagus; (d) female terminalia, in profile; (e) section of circumanal ring; (f) egg, in profile.

Figure 1 in Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) and its association with ants on Ozoroa pulcherrima (Anacardiaceae)

Figure 1. Host plant, habitat and associated ants of Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov. (a) Ozoroa pulcherrima; (b) study site; (c, d) immatures with Camponotus congolensis.

Figure 2 in Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) and its association with ants on Ozoroa pulcherrima (Anacardiaceae)

Figure 2. Maps of the study site. (a) Cameroon with its regions; light grey = West Region. (b) West Region with departments; grey = Department of Noun, subdivided into communes; dark grey = commune of Koutaba; star = study site.

Figure 3 in Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) and its association with ants on Ozoroa pulcherrima (Anacardiaceae)

Figure 3. Diaphorina pfanderae Aléné and Burckhardt sp. nov., adults. (a) Habitus, in profile, of male; (b) habitus, in profile, of female; (c) head, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) fore wing.