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13,618 results for “biology”
CO2 Flux partioning in a Eddy Covariance tower of marsh ecosystem (Fuente Duque) in Doñana Biological Reserve
<p>This dataset consists of the estimated data of the CO2 flux partition: assimilation or gross primary production (GPP) and heterotrophic or ecosystem respiration (Reco), as well as the standard deviation of each estimate. These data have been estimated from the data provided by the ICTS of the Doñana Biological Reserve of the eddy covariance tower located in Fuente Duque, in the Hinojos marsh in the period between October 2020 and December 2022.</p>
Physical, Social, and Biological Attributes for Improved Understanding and Prediction of Wildfires: FPA FOD-Attributes Dataset
<p><strong>Wildfires are increasingly impacting social and environmental systems in the United States. The ability to mitigate the undesirable effects of wildfires increases with the understanding of the social, physical, and biological conditions that co-occurred with or caused the wildfire ignitions and contributed to the wildfire impacts. To this end, we developed the FPA FOD-Attributes dataset, which augments the sixth version of the Fire Program Analysis-Fire Occurrence Database (FPA FOD v6) with nearly 270 attributes that coincide with the date and location of each wildfire ignition in the contiguous United States (CONUS). FPA FOD v6 contains information on the location, jurisdiction, discovery time, cause, and final size of >2.2 million wildfires from 1992-2020 in CONUS. For each wildfire, we added physical (e.g., weather, climate, topography, infrastructure), biological (e.g., land cover, normalized difference vegetation index), social (e.g., population density, social vulnerability index), and administrative (e.g., national and regional preparedness level, jurisdiction) attributes. This publicly available dataset can be used to answer numerous questions about the covariates associated with human- and lightning-caused wildfires. Furthermore, the FPA FOD-Attributes dataset can support descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive wildfire analytics, including the development of machine learning models.</strong></p>
Pond data: physical, chemical, and biological characteristics with scientific and United States of America state definitions from literature and legislative surveys
Ponds are often identified by their small size and shallow depths, but the lack of a universal definition hampers science and weakens legal protection. In order to determine a working definition of ‘pond’, we conducted a literature search for scientific definitions, a U.S. state survey for management definitions, and looked at pond ecosystem function using data from the literature search. Our dataset includes physical, chemical, and biological data for 1327 waterbodies ≤ 20 ha in surface area and ≤ 9 m in maximum or mean depth from our literature review. These data have a global distribution, we include a table of latitudes and longitudes, and span many years (1946-2019). We have also included a table of 54 pond definitions from the literature review and a table of U.S. state definitions of ponds, wetlands, and lakes resulting from our survey.
NEON Provisional aquatic biology and single aspirated air temperature data 2020-2021
NEON field and taxonomic and abundance data for the periphyton (DP1.20166.001), macroinvertebrate (DP1.20120.001), and zooplankton (DP1.20219.001) collection for all aqatic sites, as well as single aspirated air temperature for 15 sites, were downloaded from the NEON data portal. Provisional data, not included in the 2022 data release, are included in this upload. Data are from all 34 aquatic sites across the network. Data are from NEON sources only. NEON is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated under a cooperative agreement by Battelle. This material is based in part upon work supported by NSF through the NEON Program. NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network). Periphyton, seston, and phytoplankton collection (DP1.20166.001). https://data.neonscience.org (accessed March 12, 2022) NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network). Macroinvertebrate collection (DP1.20120.001). https://data.neonscience.org (accessed March 12, 2022) NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network). Zooplankton collection (DP1.20219.001). https://data.neonscience.org (accessed March 12, 2022) NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network). (2022e). Single aspirated air temperature (DP1.00002.001). https://data.neonscience.org (accessed March 12, 2022) NEON field and taxonomic and abundance data for the periphyton (DP1.20166.001), macroinvertebrate (DP1.20120.001), and zooplankton (DP1.20219.001) collection were downloaded from the NEON data portal. Provisional data, not included in the 2021 data release, are included in this upload. Data are from all 34 aquatic sites across the network. Data are from NEON sources only. NEON is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated under cooperative agreement by Battelle. This material is based in part upon work supported by NSF through the NEON Program. NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network). Periphyton, seston, and phytoplankton collection (DP1.20166.001). https://data.neonscience.org (accesse
Data for “Herbivory damage but not plant disease under experimental warming is dependent on weather for three subalpine grass species”, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, 2015-2017.
Both theory and prior studies predict that climate warming should increase attack rates by herbivores and pathogens on plants. However, past work has often assumed that variation in abiotic conditions other than temperature (e.g., precipitation) do not alter warming responses of plant damage by natural enemies. Studies over short time periods span low variation in weather, and studies over long-time scales often neglect to account for fine-scale weather conditions. Here, we used a 20+ year field warming experiment to investigate if warming affects herbivory and disease are dependent on variation in ambient weather observed over three years. We studied three common grass species in a subalpine meadow in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. We visually estimated herbivory and disease every two-weeks during the growing season and evaluated weather conditions during the previous two- or four-week time interval (two-week average air temperature, two- and four-week cumulative precipitation) as predictors of the probability and amount of damage. Herbivore attack was 13% more likely and amount of damage was 29% greater in warmed plots than controls across the focal species, but warming treatment had little affect on plant disease. Herbivory presence and damage increased the most with experimental warming when preceded by wetter, rather than drier, fine-scale weather, but preceding ambient temperature did not strongly interact with elevated warming to influence herbivory. Disease presence and damage increased, on average, with warmer weather and more precipitation regardless of warming. The effect of warming over reference climate on herbivore damage is dependent on and amplified by fine-scale weather variation, suggesting more boom-and-bust damage dynamics with increasing climate variability. However, the mean effect of regional climate change is likely reduced monsoon rainfall, for which we predict a reduction in insect herbivore damage. Plant disease was generally unrelated
Community-level flowering & fitness data across an elevational gradient, Rocky Mountain Biological Lab, 2021-2022
We collected data at three sites in Washington Gulch near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL, Gothic, Colorado, USA) from June to August 2021 and 2022. RMBL is located in the East River valley of the West Elk mountains, approximately 10 kilometers from Crested Butte, Colorado. Study sites were located at 2815 m (38°53'50"N, 106°58'43"W), 3165 m (38°57'38"N, 107°01'53"W) and 3380 m (38°58'10"N, 107°01'53"W) in elevation. All sites are approximately 50 m2 and have similar slope and aspect (Sloat et al. 2015). We randomly defined five 1.2 m x 1.2 m plots within each site. Within the plots, we marked all newly open flowering units once per week from early June to mid-August. We counted flowering units as either a single flower (most species), a flowering head (Asteraceae), or an umbel (Apiaceae). We only counted flowering units once as they opened, so counts were not cumulative. We quantified fitness as successful fruit and seed development at the end of the season. When flowers began to produce fruits, we counted the number of units with fruit, the number of developed fruits produced by each flowering unit, and the number of seeds per fruit. We also recorded the week of flowering for each fruit. We could not count fruits and seeds for all species because they disappeared, were consumed too quickly, or did not produce seeds during our field season.
University of Michigan Biological Station cumulative food web data for terrestrial habitats, 1909-2023.
Here, we present species and interaction lists for a food web of the aboveground terrestrial habitats at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS). The site is composed predominantly of dry-mesic, northern hardwood forests with patches of wooded wetlands (hardwood conifer swamp). Taxa were sourced from lists provided by UMBS, from resident biologists’ personal observations, museum specimens, online databases, historical censuses, and BioBlitz events. Only those that could be resolved to species-level or were genera with < 20 species in the Nearctic were included. We also excluded species that do not have a significant lifestage or feeding behavior in aboveground terrestrial habitats. Our focal taxonomic groups include vascular plants, arthropods, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians. The majority of arthropods are insects; non-insect arthropods were highly underrepresented in our lists. Interactions were sourced from online databases, naturalist observations, and field guides and accumulated into a “metaweb” of all potential interactions between local species. Interactions were checked by experts to plausibly occur in the aboveground terrestrial environments at UMBS, given species’ phenology, traits, and habitat usage. Interactions at any taxonomic level were included, so long as they were approved to potentially occur between all species by our experts. To study the effect of taxonomic resolution on food web structure, in this dataset, we retained records at coarser taxonomic groupings even if more highly resolved records were also approved. We included all direct interactions among species in our system with a bioenergetic flow (i.e., one species consuming another), differentiated by their focal resource. We broadly categorized the resources as animal tissues, either (1) live tissues and as prey, or (2) scavenged as carrion, carcasses, or other decaying animal remains, or as plant tissues, grouped as (3) leaves and stems, including grasses, exudates, et
N cycling summary 2020-2022 of annually burned bison, cattle and ungrazed experimental watersheds on upland tallgrass prairie soils at the Konza Prairie Biological Station
Nitrogen (N) is a necessary element of soil fertility and a limiting nutrient in tallgrass prairie but grazers like bison and cattle can also recycle N. Bison and cattle impact the nitrogen (N) cycle by digesting forage that is consumed, and recycled back to the soil in a more available forms stimulating soil microbial N cycling activities. Yet we do not know how both grazers comparatively affect N cycling in tallgrass prairie. Thus, we investigated if bison cattle had similar impacts on N cycling in annually burned tallgrass prairie relative to ungrazed conditions over a 3-year period (2020-2022) at the Konza Prairie Biological Station. We took soil samples to investigate soil data: pH, soil water content, mineralized N, nitrification potential, denitrification potential and extracellular enzyme assays on upland soils of the Florence-Benfield complex soil map during the summer growing season from 2020 to 2022 on bison, cattle and ungrazed experimental watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station. Soil sampling was undertaken once late in each summer growing season from 2020-2022. These years spanned a range of above-average rainfall (2020) to well below average (2021) and slightly below average (2022). We sampled along four 10-m transects, parallel to long-term plant sampling transects in each experimental watershed, in two bison grazed (N1A and N1B), two cattle grazed (C1A and C1B), and two ungrazed (1D and SpB) watersheds, all of which are burned annually.
2023 Forest Composition Data at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI
In many forests worldwide, insect disturbances are increasing, impacting plant community composition and forest structure. However, the extent to which these changes in community composition and structure influence the amount of C stored annually in plant biomass, or net primary production (NPP), remains poorly understood. We examined whether plant community composition, structural change, and NPP respond similarly to increasing disturbance severity and to the treatment types preferentially affecting large and small diameter trees. This knowledge is vital to management and modeling when trying to make inferences about the structural and functional response of forested ecosystems to various levels of disturbance caused by insects. The Forest Resilience Threshold Experiment (FoRTE) is a replicated study of disturbance type and severity using stem-girdling to achieve four levels of gross defoliation from 0% (control) to 85%. Utilizing five years of leaf litter, seedling, and portable canopy LiDAR data, we analyzed relationships between community composition, structure and NPP across disturbance severity. Our results 5-years after the initiation of the girdling disturbance shows that mid-successional Fagus and Acer species dominate seedling and sapling composition, irrespective of disturbance severities. In contrast, the canopy was predominantly occupied by Acer and Populus species, surpassing Quercus and Fagus. Despite the prediction that high canopy mortality would foster an environment favorable to early successional species, their expected dominance didn’t manifest in any of the plots. NPP exhibited high resistance to disturbance across the gradient of disturbance severity, regardless of compositional changes and level of tree mortality. This suggests a decoupling between composition and production following altered functional responses to disturbance. As we manage forests for greater stability in the face of increasing disturbance and intensifying climate change, o
Itasca Biological Station Lake Ice Cover Data
Established in 1907, the Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories is a field station focused on conducting and promoting biological and ecological research. Part of this mission consists of long-term ecological monitoring efforts taken on by station staff. This dataset is one of such long-term efforts. Station staff tracked and recorded dates when lakes completely froze each winter (ice on, recorded when >99% of the lake was covered) as well as when they completely thawed each spring (ice off, recorded when >99% of the lake was open). Monitoring focused on Lake Itasca, with several other lakes in the region being added as various staff became associated with the Itasca Station.
Leaf traits plus growth and dieback data for cloud forest epiphytes in a cloud exclusion treatment at Wayqecha Biological Station, Peru
Morphological traits [specific leaf area, stomatal length and density, leaf thickness, cuticle thickness and hydrenchymal layer thickness] and physiological traits [stomatal conductance, minimum leaf conductance and foliar water uptake capacity] along with pressure volume curves were measured at the Wayqecha Biological Station, Peru. Vascular epiphytes were sampled from a control plot and fog reduction treatment plot constructed from two 30 m tall aluminum towers, 40 m apart with panels of polyethylene mesh strung between the towers. Measurements of leaf morphological traits were taken in June-July 2022 in the control and treatment plots to assess plasticity to fog reductionin the fifth year of the experiment. Samples of branches and leaves for each individual approximately 1-2 meters off the ground were collected in the plot, close enough to the curtain to maximize any effects of fog interception. Growth and dieback data were also collected species of vascular and non-vascular epiphytes attached to wooden transplant boards in the control and treatment plot in 2017. Rates of growth and dieback were recorded for vascular epiphytes from 2017-2019 and for non-vascular epiphytes from 2018-2019. The 2017 data collection took place in November while data for 2018 and 2019 were collected in June.
Leaf litter quality induces morphological changes in wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) metamorphs, Oakland University Biological Preserve (MI, USA) 2010.
For organisms that exhibit complex life cycles, resource conditions experienced by individuals before metamorphosis can strongly affect phenotypes later in life. Such resource-induced effects are known to arise from variation in resource quantity, yet little is known regarding effects stemming from variation in resource quality (e.g., chemistry). For larval anurans, we hypothesized that variation in resource quality will induce a gradient of effects on metamorph morphology. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment in which we manipulated resource quality by rearing larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) under 11 leaf litter treatments. The litter species represented plant species found in open- and closed-canopy wetlands and included many plant species of current conservation concern (e.g., green ash, common reed). Consistent with our hypothesis, we found a gradient of responses for nearly all mass-adjusted morphological dimensions. Hindlimb dimensions and gut mass were positively associated with litter nutrient content and decomposition rate. In contrast, forelimb length and head width were positively associated with concentrations of phenolic acids and dissolved organic carbon. Limb lengths and widths were positively related with the duration of larval period, and we discuss possible hormonal mechanisms underlying this relationship. There were very few, broad differences in morphological traits of metamorphs between open- and closed-canopy litter species or between litter and no-litter treatments. This suggests that the effects of litter on metamorph morphology are litter species-specific, indicating that the effects of changing plant community structure in and around wetlands will largely depend on plant species composition.
Percent plant cover, Warming and Removal in Mountains (WaRM) experiment, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 2013-2022
These data were collected from 2013 to 2022 near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Colorado. They are from a climate change experiment that manipulated temperature using open-top chambers to passively warm the air and plant community composition by removing the dominant species in a factorial design at two elevations. We measured the total percent cover of all the plots during the peak season each year, and in 2022, we also measured the total percent cover and species diversity every week. From 2022, air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture are also included.
Itasca Biological Station Bear Paw Point Breeding Bird Census, MN (1979-2025)
This dataset is part of an ongoing effort that began in 1979 at the University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station to conduct an annual census of breeding bird territories on Bear Paw Point every spring. Students enrolled in Field Ornithology used an established 50x50 meter grid (11.5 hectares total plot size) and walked gridlines, identifying bird songs and estimating the number of singing males heard to determine the number of breeding territories for different species present on Bear Paw Point.
Range size and local abundance data for angiosperm communities across an elevation gradient, Rocky Mountain Biological Lab, 2021-2022
This dataset contains abundance and range size data for angiosperm communities at three sites in Washington Gulch near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL, Gothic, Colorado, USA) for 2021 and 2022. RMBL is located in the East River valley of the West Elk mountains, approximately 10 kilometers from Crested Butte, Colorado. Study sites were located at 2815 m (38°53'50"N, 106°58'43"W), 3165 m (38°57'38"N, 107°01'53"W) and 3380 m (38°58'10"N, 107°01'53"W) in elevation, and contained five 1.2 m x 1.2 m plots each. We identified all vascular plants to species level. Each plot was sampled once per year near the peak of the growing season (approximately mid-July, depending on the year and elevation). In each plot, we counted all individuals of every species. To quantify abundance, we averaged local abundance across all five plots at each site and the two data collection years, and then ranked species by averaged abundance within each site (highest to lowest). We calculated range size as Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). We calculated AOO and EOO with GBIF data using the ‘red’ package. We then ranked species by AOO within each site (largest to smallest).
Itasca Biological Station Wilderness Loop Breeding Bird Survey, MN (1979 - 2025)
This dataset is part of an ongoing effort that began in 1979 at the University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station to conduct a springtime annual survey of breeding birds around the Wilderness Loop drive in Itasca State Park. Following traditional USGS Breeding Bird Survey methods, Field Ornithology students conduct 3-minute point counts along an established route with 18 stops approximately 0.5 miles apart in distance. Students then recorded the species and number of birds seen and heard within a 0.25 radius.
Tree species, size class, and DBH in the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) Burn Chronosequence established in 1957 and remeasured in 1979 and 1998
A complete survey of overstory vegetation and saplings in the Bob Farmer plots within the UM Biological Station clearut and burn chronosequence. Surveys were completed in 1979 and 1998 to measure the change in biomass and forest composition in the burn plots with forest succession.
Rain exclusion, herbivory, and vegetaton in Greenstar Meadow at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellson, MI (2023)
Precipitation affects water availability, which subsequently influences plant growth, species persistence, and productivity. Critically, global change is causing precipitation patterns to shift, which can lead to changes in plant community composition and may affect the capacity of plant communities to perform essential ecosystem functions. We can use rainout shelters to intercept incoming ambient rainfall and simulate future precipitation conditions to better predict how plant communities may respond to shifts in precipitation. Here, we aimed to study if altered summer precipitation affects plant diversity and biomass by experimentally decreasing summer precipitation using rainout shelters. Furthermore, there can be two experimental plots under a single rainout shelter allowing us to test the combined effects of multiple factors on plant communities. So in addition to manipulating summer precipitation, we also manipulated the presence of insect herbivores using exclosures to quantify the independent and interactive effects of precipitation and insect herbivory on plant species richness, diversity, and biomass. The top-down effects of insect herbivores on plant communities can vary depending on plant water status, suggesting that precipitation and insect herbivory may have interactive effects on plant diversity, community composition, and biomass.
Physical & Chemical Parameters from Lakes in Northern Lower Michigan for RANN Campaign based at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (1972-1975)
In the early 1970s the University of Michigan Biological Station initiated a series of research projects concerning the quality of the lakes in Northern Michigan under the support of the National Science Foundation through the Research Applied to National Needs (RANN) program. Dr. John Gannon joined the Biological Station's staff in 1972 and directed this program for six years. This research had significant impacts on water quality management of lakes throughout Northern Michigan. The Biological Station continued to receive grants for water quality research for several years after the RANN program had terminated.
Physical & Chemical Parameters from Lakes in Northern Lower Michigan for RANN Campaign based at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (1972-1975)
In the early 1970s the University of Michigan Biological Station initiated a series of research projects concerning the quality of the lakes in Northern Michigan under the support of the National Science Foundation through the Research Applied to National Needs (RANN) program. Dr. John Gannon joined the Biological Station's staff in 1972 and directed this program for six years. This research had significant impacts on water quality management of lakes throughout Northern Michigan. The Biological Station continued to receive grants for water quality research for several years after the RANN program had terminated.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.