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349 results for “buffer”
Data from: Fine-scale refuges can buffer demographic and genetic processes against short-term climatic variation and disturbance: a 22 year case study of an arboreal marsupial
Ecological disturbance and climate are key drivers of temporal dynamics in the demography and genetic diversity of natural populations. Microscale refuges are known to buffer species' persistence against environmental change, but the effects of such refuges on demographic and genetic patterns in response to short-term environmental variation are poorly understood. We quantified demographic and genetic responses of mountain brushtail possums (Trichosurus cunninghami) to rainfall variability (1992–2013) and to a major wildfire. We hypothesized that there would be underlying differences in demographic and genetic processes between an unburnt mesic refuge and a topographically exposed zone that was burnt in 2009. Fire caused a 2-year decrease in survival in the burnt zone, but the population grew after the fire due to immigration, leading to increased expected heterozygosity. We documented a fire-related behavioural shift, where the rate of movement by individuals in the unburnt refuge to the burnt zone decreased after fire. Irrespective of the fire, there were long-term differences in demographic and genetic parameters between the mesic/unburnt refuge and the nonmesic/burnt zone. Survival was high and unaffected by rainfall in the refuge, but lower and rainfall-dependent in the nonmesic zone. Net movement of individuals was directional, from the mesic refuge to the nonmesic zone, suggesting fine-scale source–sink dynamics. There were higher expected heterozygosity (HE) and temporal genetic stability in the refuge, but lower HE and marked temporal genetic structure in the exposed habitat, consistent with reduced generational overlap caused by elevated mortality and immigration. Thus, fine-scale refuges can mediate the short-term demographic and genetic effects of climate and ecological disturbance.
Data from: Parasitic infection: a buffer against ocean acidification?
Recently, there has been a concerted research effort by marine scientists to quantify the sensitivity of marine organisms to ocean acidification (OA). Empirical data generated by this research have been used to predict changes to marine ecosystem health, biodiversity and productivity that will be caused by continued acidification. These studies have also found that the effects of OA on marine organisms can be significantly modified by additional abiotic stressors (e.g. temperature or oxygen) and biotic interactions (e.g. competition or predation). To date, however, the effects of parasitic infection on the sensitivity of marine organisms to OA have been largely ignored. We show that parasitic infection significantly altered the response of a marine gastropod to simulated OA conditions by reducing the mortality of infected individuals relative to uninfected conspecifics. Without the inclusion of infection data, our analysis would not have detected the significant effect of pH on host mortality. These results strongly suggest that parasitic infection may be an important confounding factor in OA research and must be taken into consideration when assessing the response of marine species to OA.
Data from: Parental care buffers against effects of ambient temperature on offspring performance in an insect
Understanding how animals respond to and cope with variation in ambient temperature is an important priority. The reason for this is that ambient temperature is a key component of the physical environment that influences offspring performance in a wide range of ectotherms and endotherms. Here, we investigate whether post-hatching parental care provides a behavioral mechanism for buffering against the effects of ambient temperature on offspring in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 3×2 factorial design where we manipulated ambient temperature (15, 20 or 25°C) and parental care (presence or absence of a female parent after hatching). We found that the effect of ambient temperature on offspring performance was conditional upon the presence or absence of a caring female. Fewer larvae survived in the absence than in the presence of a caring female at 15°C whilst there was no difference in larval survival at 20 and 25°C. Our results show that parental care buffers against some of the detrimental effects of variation in ambient temperature on offspring. We suggest that post-hatching parental care may buffer against such effects by creating a more benign environment or by boosting offspring resilience towards stressors. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of parental care because they suggest that the evolution of parental care could allow species to expand their geographical range to colonize areas with harsher climatic conditions than they otherwise would tolerate.
Data from: Spatial variation buffers temporal fluctuations in early juvenile survival for an endangered Pacific salmon
1. Spatial, phenotypic, and genetic diversity at relatively small scales can buffer species against large-scale processes such as climate change that tend to synchronize populations and increase temporal variability in overall abundance or production. This portfolio effect generally results in improved biological and economic outcomes for managed species. Previous evidence for the portfolio effect in salmonids has arisen from examinations of time series of adult abundance, but we lack evidence of spatial buffering of temporal variability in demographic rates such as survival of juveniles during their first year of life. 2. We therefore use density-dependent population models with multiple random effects to represent synchronous (similar among populations) and asynchronous (different among populations) temporal variability as well as spatial variability in survival. These are fitted to 25 years of survey data for breeding adults and surviving juveniles from 15 demographically distinct populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within a single metapopulation in the Snake River in Idaho, USA. 3. Model selection identifies the most support for the model that included both synchronous and asynchronous temporal variability, in addition to spatial variability. Asynchronous variability (log-SD = 0.55) is approximately equal in magnitude to synchronous temporal variability (log-SD = 0.67), but much lower than spatial variability (log-SD = 1.11). We also show that the pairwise correlation coefficient, a common measure of population synchrony, is approximated by the estimated ratio of shared and total variance, where both approaches yield a synchrony estimate of 0.59. We therefore find evidence for spatial buffering of temporal variability in early juvenile survival, although between-population variability that persists over time is also large. 4. We conclude that spatial variability decreases interannual changes in overall juvenile production, which suggests that conservation and restoration of spatial diversity will improve population persistence for this metapopulation. However, the exact magnitude of spatial buffering depends upon demographic parameters such as adult survival that may vary among populations, and is proposed as an area of future research using hierarchical life cycle models. We recommend that future sampling of this metapopulation employ a repeated-measure sampling design to improve estimation of early juvenile carrying capacity.
Data from: Protected areas buffer the Brazilian semi-arid biome from climate change
The Caatinga is a botanically unique semi-arid ecosystem in northeast Brazil whose vegetation is adapted to the periodic droughts that characterize this region. However, recent extreme droughts events caused by anthropogenic climate change have challenged its ecological resilience. Here, we evaluate how deforestation and protection status affect the response of the Caatinga vegetation to drought. Specifically, we compared vegetation responses to drought in natural and deforested areas as well as inside and outside protected areas, using a time-series of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climatic data for 2008–2013. We observed a strong effect of deforestation and land protection on overall vegetation productivity and in productivity dynamics in response to precipitation. Overall, deforested areas had significantly lower NDVI and delayed greening in response to precipitation. By contrast, strictly protected areas had higher productivity and considerable resilience to low levels of precipitation, when compared to sustainable use or unprotected areas. These results highlight the importance of protected areas in protecting ecosystem processes and native vegetation in the Caatinga against the negative effects of climate change and deforestation. Given the extremely small area of the Caatinga currently under strict protection, the creation of new conservation areas must be a priority to ensure the sustainability of ecological processes and to avoid further desertification.
Data from: Can phenotypic rescue from harvest refuges buffer wild sheep from selective hunting?
Human harvests can unwittingly drive evolution on morphology and life history, and these selective effects may be detrimental to the management of natural resources. Although theory suggests that harvest refuges, as sources of unselected animals, could buffer the effects of human exploitation on wild populations, few studies have assessed their efficiency. We analyzed records from >7000 trophy bighorn rams (Ovis canadensis) harvested in Alberta, Canada, between 1974 and 2011 to investigate if the movement of rams from refuges toward harvested areas reduced the effects of selective harvesting on horn size through phenotypic rescue. Rams taken near refuges had horns on average about 3% longer than rams shot far from refuges and were slightly older, suggesting migration from refuges into hunted areas. Rams from areas adjacent to and far from harvest refuges, however, showed similar declines in horn length and increases in age at harvest over time, indicating a decreasing rate of horn growth. Our study suggests that the influx of rams from refuges is not sufficient to mitigate the selective effects of sheep trophy harvest. Instead, we suggest that selective hunting of highly mobile animals may affect the genetic structure of populations that spend part of the year inside protected areas.
Optimisation of huntingtin domain protein sample buffer conditions 2017/02/01
<p>Open lab notebook huntingtin structure function project.<br> </p>
Buffering and non-monotonic behavior of gene dosage response curves for human complex traits
<p>Please refer to the DATA.pdf file for details.</p>
Dereplicated vOTUs recovered from a viromics extraction buffer chemistry experiment
<p>Database of de-replicated viral operational taxonomic units recovered from a viromics (viral-size fraction metagenomics) buffer chemistry experiment. </p>
Beech buffers: microclimate regulation in temperate old-growth forests, surroundings and forest edge
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Monitoring of the dissolution/precipitation behavior of bioglass with simulated body fluid buffered by HEPES
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Characteristic buffering time against sulfate acidification
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Buffer screen by DSLS of C-HEAT and N-HEAT domains
<p>Raw data and summary of results of DSLS data recorded for C-HEAT_2088-3144 (TOC019 C01), and constructs of the N-HEAT domain: N-HEAT_76-404 (TOC019 B02), N-HEAT_93-404 (TOC019 A03), <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3462496#.XY4U1mYpA2x">N-HEAT_81-1643 (TOC019 B08)</a>, N-HEAT_76-1715 (TOC019 A08).</p>
Regional-scale hydrologic settings buffer black spruce regeneration in the presence of post-fire droughts dataset
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Towards the conservation of Brazilian legumes: Summary, land cover and use analytics, and a comparative analysis of locations count methods (curated vs. automated [buffer-dissolution])
<p>This dataset presents key findings from the study "<strong>Automating and Enhancing Species Extinction Risk Assessments with Historical Land Use and Land Cover Data</strong>."</p> <p>The file `<em>summary-threatened-legume-species.ods</em>` provides a summary of all threatened species of the Leguminosae family native to Brazil, including IUCN category and criteria, location counts, and the year of the latest assessment, sourced from official records. Additionally, it includes calculated values for Area of Occupancy (AOO) and Extent of Occurrence (EOO), along with trend data indicating natural area change rates (decline [positive number, red] or growth [negative number, green]) within both AOO and EOO. Location counts are further detailed across various buffer radii (1-5 km), utilizing a buffer-dissolution method for automated location counting. Each buffer radius is analyzed to assess AOO and EOO decline, where '1' indicates a species is threatened and '0' indicates it is not. This data provides an efficient method for screening threatened species under criterion B of the IUCN Red List guidelines.</p> <p>The file `<em>overlay-analysis.ods</em>` contains overlay analysis results for AOO and EOO of each species using MapBiomas land use and land cover (LULC) data (specifically MapBiomas Brazil, collection 7.1) from 1985 to 2021, covering all threatened legume species. This file provides both absolute area in square kilometers and percentages for each LULC class. The overlay analysis results support estimates of growth and decline trends for each LULC class.</p> <p>The file `<em>trend-analysis.ods</em>` presents results of annual rate estimates from trend analysis across LULC classes, and including both natural and anthropic groupings. A complete JSON database with p-values and R² values is provided in `<em>trend-analysis.json</em>`.</p> <p>This approach, combining all results for each species in a comprehensive, merged dataset, allows for effective filtering and ranking of the most threatened species as well as identification of their primary threats.</p> <p>We recommend opening the ODS files with LibreOffice, as Microsoft Excel may experience issues parsing decimal formats accurately.</p> <p>More detailed maps and graphs are available at <a title="LULC-MapBiomas-Leguminosae" href="https://github.com/lsbjordao/LULC-MapBiomas-Leguminosae" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/lsbjordao/LULC-MapBiomas-Leguminosae</a>.</p>
Datasets for Light-switchable buffers
<p>Raw data and excel elaboration spreadsheets for the research article entitled "Light-switchable buffers" (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, accepted)</p>
Survival data from: Canopy buffering effects
<p><span>Forest ecosystems can buffer understorey microhabitats and provide refuge for understorey species in a warming world. These effects are dependent on forest complexity and management. However, the roles of soils and bedrock types are less known although they also may affect forest complexity.</span><span> We assessed differences in buffering effects of deciduous broad-leaved forests from calcareous and siliceous soils in the temperate climate of south-west France predicted to become dryer with climate change.</span> <span>We </span><span>transplanted during dry and wet years, </span><span>without and with neighbours (herbaceous and shrubs from forest understories and gaps), </span><span>six species in gaps and dense forests of the two soil types.</span><span> Target species </span><span>originated from contrasting light availabilities and the two soil types.</span><span> We</span><span> measured transplant survival, light transmission, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in all treatments.</span><span> Forest</span> <span>structure and soil parameters were also quantified on both bedrocks. Forest structure complexity was higher and light transmission lower on calcareous than siliceous soils. Relative air humidity was higher and maximum air temperature and VPD lower in the understorey of calcareous than siliceous forests, while soil nutrients and moisture were lower in siliceous soils. We found strong direct facilitation of transplants from shaded habitats by calcareous forest canopies during dry years. Facilitation of forest canopies was much weaker on siliceous bedrocks, during wet years and for species from sunny habitats. Facilitative responses were less obvious but still observed in the presence of understorey neighbours. Calcareous forests showed a stronger buffering ability than siliceous ones due to both higher facilitative effects of calcareous woody dominants and lower survival in calcareous gaps during dry years. Considering that the two forest types were old forests with similar management histories, differences in buffering ability between them were likely due to differences in forest complexity and composition induced by differences in soil types.</span></p>
Raw data for publication titled " GaN buffer growth temperature and efficiency of InGaN/GaN quantum wells: The critical role of nitrogen vacancies at the GaN surface"
<p>Raw data (Time-resolved photoluminescence and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) used for the publication: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040326">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040326</a></p> <p>Layer sequence of each sample could be found in the excel sheet named SampleLibrary</p> <p> </p>
Clinical Trial Comparing Effectiveness of Buffered Versus Unbuffered Local Anesthetic in Children Ages 10-12 Years
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03562481. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Evaluation of Buffer on Immune Response to Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) in Bangladesh
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01579825. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.