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239 results for “cheilostomes”
FIGURE 22 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden
FIGURE 22. Camptoplites tubifera Silén, 1941. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2460A, Japan. A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of an autozooid emanating two connecting branch tubes. C. Close-up of an autozooid. Arrow indicates a putative attachment scar left by an avicularium. D. Close-up of a narrow, elongate avicularium. E. Close-up of two ovicells. F. Close-up of a rounded avicularium. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, D, F = 150 µm; E = 200 µm.
FIGURE 12 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden
FIGURE 12. Mangana canui (Silén, 1941) n. comb. Paratype UPSZTY 191145, Japan. A. Group of zooids and proximal avicularia. B. Close-up of two autozooids with large proximally placed avicularia and an additional smaller avicularium placed laterally (see arrow). C. Autozooids and avicularia of different sizes. D. Close-up of two large avicularia showing the serrated rostrum. E. Group of ovicellate zooids. F. Close-up of two ovicells, one deformed or damaged. All scale bars are 200 µm except D = 100 µm.
FIGURE 37 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden
FIGURE 37. Triphyllozoon cornutum Silén, 1954. Holotype LUZM 54, Western Australia. A. General view of a portion of the colony. B. Group of ovicellate zooids showing suboral and frontal adventitious avicularia of different size and shape. C. Close-up of ooecia and frontal adventitious avicularia. D. Close-up of the large, frontal, lozenge-shaped avicularium directed distolaterally and suboral avicularium with denticulate rostrum. E. Close-up of ooecia with associated avicularia and large frontal lozenge-shaped avicularium directed proximolaterally. F, G. Lateral close-ups of large frontal avicularia either directed distolaterally or proximolaterally, showing the raised rostrum with raised lateral wings of calcification. H. Close-up of the secondary orifice with peristomial avicularium and two lateral spine bases visible only in some zooids. I. General view of the dorsal side of the colony fragment. J. Close-up of the figure-eight-shaped dorsal avicularia. K. Close-up of the lozenge-shaped dorsal avicularium. Scale bars: A, I = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C = 300 µm; D, G, H = 100 µm; E = 250 µm; F, J = 200 µm; K = 50 µm.
FIGURE 10 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 10. Terwasipora complanata (Norman, 1864), Holotype SMNH-Type-1772, Ireland. A. General view of the colony. B. Label on the underside of the rock substrate. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 3 cm.
FIGURE 9 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 9. Stenopsella fenestrata (Smitt, 1873), Holotype SMNH-Type-1800, Tortugas, United States, here proposed as Gigantopora fenestrata comb. nov. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids some in frontal and other in lateral view. C. Close-up of some zooids in lateral view, showing the development of the peristome, a variable position of the avicularium in relation to the spiramen, and the prickly appearance of the frontal shield. D. Close-up of a zooid with broken peristome and showing the primary orifice. E. Close-up of the adventitious, peristomial avicularium with complete crossbar. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 300 µm; E = 100 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 7. Fedorella minima Silén, 1947, Anguilla. A–C. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-128088a. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing avicularian variability, the shape of the orifice and opercula. C. Close-up of a zooid with paired giant avicularia and lateral view of an ovicell. D. Paralectotype SMNH-128088b, group of ovicellate zooids showing the triangular opening of the ooecium. E, F. Paralectotype SMNH-128088c. E. Close-up of two zooids with only one or completely lacking avicularia; the orifice of the zooid on the left shows signs of repetitive intramural budding. F. Close up of an orifice with closure plate. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, D = 300 µm; C, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 8. Cheilopora sincera (Smitt, 1868), Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1733, northern Norway. A. Group of zooids, most ovicellate. B. Close-up of an ovicell, orifice with operculum, and paired latero-oral avicularia with semielliptical mandibles. C. Close-up of an autozooidal orifice lacking avicularia. D. Close-up of two zooids with single avicularium and a closure plate. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 300 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 5. Lepraliella contigua (Smitt, 1868), Hammerfest, Norway. A, B. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-1695b. C–E. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1695a. F. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-1695c. A, C, F. General view of the three colony fragments. B. Group of zooids, showing a variable number of oral spine bases, either due to spreading of calcification during ontogeny or to the development of ovicells. D. Close-up of zooids with suboral avicularium and developing ooecia. E. Close-up of a zooid showing the eye-shaped secondary orifice and the wrinkled to nodular surface of the frontal shield. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, D, E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 2. Floridina antiqua (Smitt, 1873), Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1835a, Florida, United States. A. Portion of the colony including about 80 zooids and three vicarious avicularia. B. Group of autozooids, ovicellate zooids (note the ooecium formed by both the vicarious avicularium and the distal zooid, see asterisk), and vicarious avicularia with raised rostrum showing the smooth gymnocyst. C. Group of autozooids, ovicellate zooids (with ooecium formed by the distal zooid, see asterisk), and vicarious avicularia. D. Group of autozooids and vicarious avicularium with an unusual rectangular rostrum. E. Close-up of zooids, those ovicellate with ooecium formed by one (black asterisk) or two (white asterisk) distal zooids, avicularium with undulate, raised, triangular rostrum, and zooid showing signs of intramural budding (arrowed). F. Putative kenozooids. G. Group of zooids, vicarious avicularia and putative kenozooid with reduced opesia (asterisk). H. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia, one zooid irregularly shaped and with reversed polarity (asterisk). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 400 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 6. Fedorella minima Silén, 1947, Anguilla. A, B. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8734a. A. General view of the colony. B. Close-up of a zooid with paired avicularia, one small and triangular, the other one giant and spathulate. C. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8734b, general view of the colony with zooids having single avicularium. D. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8734c, group of zooids, some with paired distolateral, oral spine bases (arrowed) and a kenozooid (asterisk). Scale bars: A, C = 500 µm; B = 200 µm; D = 300 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 4. Smittipora americana (Canu & Bassler, 1928), catalogued as SMNH-Type-1786 of S. abyssicola, Florida, United States. A. Close-up of two zooids with opercula and vicarious avicularium with leaf-shaped, pointed mandible. B. Group of zooids, showing the opesia with indentations, vicarious avicularia and ovicells. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 500 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 1. Doryporella spathulifera (Smitt, 1868), Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1729a, Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard, Norway. A. General view of the fan-shaped colony with subsequent generations of zooids budded only distally from the ancestrula. B. Close-up of the tatiform ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. C. View of colony growing edge showing paired distal pore chamber windows. Asterisks indicate kenozooidal ovicells. D. Group of ovicellate zooids showing ovicells produced either by a kenozooid (asterisks) or the distal autozooid, the suboral spatula-like spine and triangular avicularia mandibles. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–D = 500 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm.
FIGURE 6. Fatkullina imitata n in Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae
FIGURE 6. Fatkullina imitata n. sp. A–G, paratype 3 ZIRAS 4/50664; H, specimen R.V. TINRO 2016, Stn 74. Early astogeny. A–C, ancestrular complex formation; D–F, ancestrular interior; G, H, colonies at early stages of astogeny, external and internal views. A. Ancestrula with first distally-budded, transversally/spirally arranged postancestrular zooid. B. Ancestrula with two postancestrular zooids (right bud partially damaged) spirally arranged and budded in opposite directions; note cormidial nature of ancestrular orifice, with its distal margin comprises lateral vertical wall of distally budded zooid, and right lateral margin – lateral vertical wall of laterally budded zooid. C. Ancestrula with two postancestrular zooids, spirally arranged and budded in same direction. D. Interior of ancestrula and distally arranged, perpendicularly orientated periancestrular zooid. E. Interior of ancestrular zooid, showing intensive distal umbonuloid area around orifice composed of four lobes separated with fine meandering sutures, ring scar, and proximal pseudoporous (lepralioid) part of the frontal shield. F. Close-up of umbonuloid area including circular orifice possessing deep V-shaped sinus, four uneven lobes separated with fine meandering sutures, discrete ring scar forming regular boundary between exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid part and extra-umbonuloid calcification. G. Ancestrular complex comprising ancestrula and three spirally arranged periancestrular zooids plus four developing to fully completed zooids. H. Undersides of ancestrular complex. Scale bars: A–D, G, H, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2. Fatkullina imitata n in Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae
FIGURE 2. Fatkullina imitata n. sp. A, Holotype ZIRAS 1/50661; B, paratype 5 ZIRAS 6/50666; C, paratype 4 ZIRAS 5/ 50665. A. General view of colony encrusting flattened pebble in boundary interactions with Celleporina ventricosa (Lorenz, 1886) (top left), Reussinella arctica (Osburn, 1950) (top right), Hippothoa arctica (Kluge, 1906), H. expansa Dawson, 1859 (bottom left) and Pachyegis princeps (Norman, 1903) (centrally to bottom right). B. General view of a medium-sized colony. C. General view of a young colony demonstrating a gradual shift in geometry of zooidal budding from spiral into reversedpolarity. Asterisks indicate zooids with a sideways (transverse) orientation. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 5. Fatkullina imitata n in Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae
FIGURE 5. Fatkullina imitata n. sp. A, paratype 5 ZIRAS 6/50666; B, holotype ZIRAS 1/50661; C–G, paratype 2 ZIRAS 3/ 50663. A. Orificial area of newly formed zooid near colony margin, showing transversely oval primary orifice bordered by thinly calcified smooth narrow rim, and surrounded by granular-tubercular surface with circular pseudopores. B. Orificial area of completed zooid, showing drop-shaped secondary orifice with granular tubercular surface, overhanging distal curvature of deeply submerged primary orifice, leaving visible its proximal thickened smooth shelf with shallow sinus; note circular infundibular pseudopores with finely tuberculated surfaces stretched deep inside. C. Interior of zooidal orificial area, showing transversally oval primary orifice with shallow sinus and deep calcified visor with denticulate margin, covers half of primary orifice length. D. Interior of group of zooids from central colony area, indicating their incoherent orientation, showing transversally oval primary orifices, smaller circular scattered openings of pseudopores in frontal shields, and enlarged circular to oval openings of tubular areolar pore channels encroaching via vertical walls, which connect main coelom with hypostegal coelom. E. Interior of frontal shield, showing scattered smaller openings of pseudopores centrally, enlarged openings of tubular areolar pore channels encroaching via vertical walls, which connect main coelom with hypostegal coelom, and transversally oval primary orifice with distal overhanging visor of secondary calcification covering more than 2/3 of primary orifice length. F. Internal and external view of zooidal lateral wall with basal pore chambers and external openings of tubular areolar pore channels encroaching lateral wall to open into the hypostegal coelom. G. Longitudinal cross-section through zooid, showing remarkable thickness of frontal shield, with deep, proximally tilted lumen between primary and secondary orifices, and lateral to frontal openings of tubular areolar pore channels connecting main coelom with hypostegal coelom. Scale bars: A–C, E–G, 0.1 mm; D, 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 3. Fatkullina imitata n in Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae
FIGURE 3. Fatkullina imitata n. sp. A, holotype ZIRAS 1/50661; B–D, paratype 5 ZIRAS 6/50666; E, F, paratype 2 ZIRAS 3/50663. A, B. Zooids differentiating at colony margin. C, D. Randomly orientated autozooids in central colony area. E. Three zooids, showing granular-tubercular frontal walls uniformly perforated by large, round, deep infundibuliform pseudopores and drop-shaped secondary orifices with rugged outlines, overhanging distal curvature of primary orifice and slightly covering its sides. F. Distolateral view towards two zooids, showing roughly granular-tubercular, elevated and distended frontal wall around orificial area, evenly perforated with circular to oval deep infundibuliform pseudopores. Scale bars: A–D, 0.25 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm.
Fig. 16 in Reduction, rearrangement, fusion, and hypertrophy: evolution of the muscular system in polymorphic zooids of cheilostome Bryozoa
Fig. 16 Morphology and anatomy of vibracularia in Discoporella terminata. A, B Stereomicroscope; C–E histological sectioning, light microscopy. A, B Part of living colony showing frontal colony surface with autozooids and vibracularia with setae in various positions. C–E Sagittal sections showing muscular elements and shape of the
Fig. 15 in Reduction, rearrangement, fusion, and hypertrophy: evolution of the muscular system in polymorphic zooids of cheilostome Bryozoa
Fig. 15 Morphology and anatomy of adventitious avicularia and vibracularia in Caberea ellisi. A, B, Stereomicroscope; C, D CLSM, nucleus staining by HOECHST and antibodies to 5-HT and phalloidin staining; E, F, insets CLSM, phalloidin staining. A Part of living colony showing frontal colony surface with autozooids and avicularia (shown by arrows). B Part of living colony showing basal colony surface with vibracularia and their uplifted setae. C Muscles and vestigial polypide of avicularium (disto-lateral view). D Muscular elements
Fig. 12 in Reduction, rearrangement, fusion, and hypertrophy: evolution of the muscular system in polymorphic zooids of cheilostome Bryozoa
Fig. 12 Morphology and anatomy of adventitious pedunculate avicularia in Dendrobeania fruticosa. A, B Stereomicroscope; C–E histological sectioning, light microscopy; F–H CLSM, phalloidin staining. A Part of living colony showing autozooids with ovicells and avicularia of two size categories (shown by arrows). B Close-up of avicularium with raised mandible and exposed papilla of vestigial polypide. C Frontal section of avicularium below mandible (arrow points to communication pore between peduncle and avicularian cystid plugged by pore-cell complex). D, E Sagittal sections of avicularia with raised mandible (note the papilla of vestigial polypide and
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