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185 results for “cirrus”
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft Particle Measuring System Probe Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The University of North Dakota owns and operates a Cessna Citation II aircraft (N77ND) for the purpose of atmospheric research. This aircraft type has a number of design and performance characteristics which make it an ideal platform for a wide range of atmospheric studies. A series of structural modifications have been made to the basic airplane. These include the following: pylons under the wing tips for a variety of probes in the undisturbed air flow away from the fuselage; a nose boom for wind measurement; a heated radome to prevent ice accumulation on the nose area; special mounts for upward and downward looking radiometers; side-facing camera mounts for time-lapse cameras; optically-flat glass windows for photography; and an air inlet port for air sampling inside the pressurized cabin. The research instrumentation available on the Citation for the second Cirrus IFO is described below.The basic instrumentation package measured temperature, dew point temperature, pressure, wind and cloud microphysical characteristic along with aircraft position, altitude and performance parameters. The three-dimensional wind field is derived from measurements of acceleration, pitch, roll and yaw combined with angles of attack and sideslip and indicated airspeed. The aircraft parameters were supplied by an LTN-76 inertial navigation system and a Global Positioning System (GPS). Turbulence intensity can be derived from differential pressure transducers and INS accelerometer outputs. Cloud microphysical measurements were made with an array of Particle Measuring Systems probes (FSSP, 1D-C,2D-C,1D-P) mounted on the wing-tip pylons. These probes measure concentrations and sizes of particles from one micrometer to several millimeters in diameter. In addition there were probes to measure both liquid water content and icing rate. Several gas and aerosol sampling instruments were available. These include fast response O3 and NO2 monitors, and a condensation nuclei counter. A forward or side-looking video camera was also used to provide a visual record of flight conditions. The data were sampled at various rate from 1 to 24 sec-1. The sampling is controlled by the on-board computer system which also displayed the data in real time in graphic and alphanumeric formats while recording them on magnetic tape.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II NCAR Sabreliner Aircraft Microphysical Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The microphysical parameters in the data set were derived from 2D probe data collected by the NCAR aircraft during FIRE II. The 2D-C data are converted to size spectra according to the guidelines given in Heymsfield and Baumgardner (1985, Bull. Amer. Meteoro. Soc.), where one element is added to the size of a particle along the the flight direction to account for the probe's intrinsic start-up time. Size is determined as the maximum dimension ($D_{max}$) along the flight direction or optical array axis. The nominal size resolution for the Sabreliner 2D probe is 50 microns/per shadowed optical array element, for the King Air is 25 microns/bin. Sample area (SA) is derived using the depth of field estimates reported by Knollenberg (1970). Particles are binned into 32 size categories, nonuniformly spaced with higher resolution in the smaller classes. Particles within each size bin are subdivided into 10 ``area ratio (AR)'' bins, where AR represents the ratio of particle area to the area of discs of diameter $D_{max} The microphysical parameters in the data set were derived from 2D probe data collected by the NCAR Sabreliner during FIRE II. The derivation of the microphysical parameters is outlined in the later reference to Heymsfield (1977). The vertical velocity is the steady-state velocity in cm s-1 to keep the relative humidity at it's currently measured value. Differential growth rate represents the growth rate of the particle population of different sizes at the current relative humidity. The Total differential growth rate is thesum of the growth rate in all channels. The assumptions used for the IWC calculations are reported in Heymsfield; also, generic size to mass equations are used. Precipitation rate is calculated from particle size and terminal velocity data, integrated over the size spectrum. Concentration data are as derived above. Number of crystal-crystal collisions are derived from the data reported by Hindman and the crystal terminal velocities. Water vapor density andsupersaturation information in this data set should not be used--it is unreliable. Curve fits to the data using least squares methods are provided. VARIABLE DESCRIPTION UNITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IT1,IT2 MEASUREMENT TIME INTERVAL HH/MM/SS PS STATIC PRESSURE mb TEMP AMBIENT TEMPERATURE degreesC ALT PRESSURE ALTITUDE m USTAR VERTICAL VELOCITY NEEDED TO KEEP THE cm/s RELATIVE HUMIDITY CONSTANT DBARM MEDIAN PARTICLE MASS WEIGHTED DIAMETER cm DMAX MAXIMUM PARTICLE DIAMETER cm W1 DIFFUSIONAL GROWTH RATE IN CHANNEL 1 g/sec W2 DIFFUSIONAL GROWTH RATE IN CHANNEL 2 g/sec W3 DIFFUSIONAL GROWTH RATE IN CHANNEL 3 g/sec W4 DIFFUSIONAL GROWTH RATE IN CHANNEL 4 g/sec WTOT TOTAL DIFFUSTIONAL GROWTH RATE g/sec DT8 DEPLETION TIME (8 micron droplets) sec DT12 DEPLETION TIME (12 micron droplets) sec TMASS1 IWC IN CHANNEL 1 g/m^3 TMASS2 IWC IN CHANNEL 2 g/m^3 DPTC DEW POINT TEMPERATURE (EG&G) degreesC RH RELATIVE HUMIDITY (EG&G) % RIWC ICE WATER CONTENT g/m^3 XM1 ICE WATER CONTENT BASED ON SNOW HABIT g/m^3 XM2 ICE WATER CONTENT BASED ON SMALL SNOW g/m^3 HABIT XM3 ICE WATER CONTENT BASED ON LARGE SNOW g/m^3 HABIT R PRECIPITATION RATE mm/hr DBZ RADAR REFLECTIVITY FACTOR decibels VBAR MEAN REFLECTIVITY WEIGHTED WITH THE cm/s TERMINAL VELOCITY TTCONC TOTAL PARTICLE CONCENTRATION #/L CBIN1 PARTICLE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE RANGE 200#/L LE CBIN2 PARTICLE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE RANGE #/L 200-500 CBIN3 PARTICLE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE RANGE 500-800 #/L CBIN4 PARTICLE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE RANGE 800 #/L GT CE8 COLLECTION EFFICIENCY (8 micron none droplets) CE12 COLLECTION EFFICIENCY (12 micron none droplets) TMASS3 IWC IN CHANNEL 3 g/m^3 TMASS4 IWC IN CHANNEL 4 g/m^3 TIMP # OF CRYSTAL-CRYSTAL COLUMNS sec^(1-) RHORH WATER VAPOR DENSITY g/cm^3 SI SUPERSATURATION WITH RESPECT TO ICE % SW SUP
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II National Weather Service(NWS) Inner-Network Rawinsonde Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The FIRE_CI2_NWS_IN_SND data set was collected for the period Nov. 13, 1991 to Dec. 7, 1991. Each granule has multiple ASCII data files. Data were collected from 17 different National Weather Service (NWS) sites. These sites are: (ABQ) Albuquerque, NM; (AMA) Amarillo, TX; (DDC) Dodge City, KS; (DEN) Denver, CO; (DRT) Del Rio, TX; (ELP) El Paso, TX; (GGG) Longview, TX; (LBF) North Platte, NE; (LIT) North Little Rock, AR; (MAF) Midland, TX; (OMA) Omaha, NE; (OUN) Norman, OK; (PAH) Paducah, KY; (PIA) Peoria, IL; (SEP) Stephenville, TX; (TOP)Topeka, KS; and (UMN) Monett, MO.
Model simulation data used in "Impacts of ice-nucleating particles on cirrus clouds and radiation derived from global model simulations with MADE3 in EMAC" (Beer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2024)
<p>This dataset contains the namelist setup and the output of the EMAC global model simulations analysed and discussed in Beer et al. (<i>Atmos. Chem. Phys.</i>, 2024). For details see the README.md file and Table 2 in the paper.</p>
data_set_for_revision_of_manuscript_contrail_formation_within_cirrus_Verma_Burkhardt_26112021
<p>This data set has new figures used in the revision of the manuscript 'contrail formation within cirrus'. and data relevent to paper is in the below given DOI.</p> <pre><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744985</strong></pre> <p> </p>
Figures 7-8 from: Pan Y, Tang L, Li L (2012) Notes on the Stenus cirrus group, with description of two new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 169: 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.169.2647
Figures 7-8 - Habitus ofStenus maoershanus in dorsal and ventral view. Scale = 1 mm.
Figure 50 from: Pan Y, Tang L, Li L (2012) Notes on the Stenus cirrus group, with description of two new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 169: 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.169.2647
Figure 50 - Habitat of Stenus zhangdinghengi in Huaping Nature Reserve.
Figures 5-6 from: Pan Y, Tang L, Li L (2012) Notes on the Stenus cirrus group, with description of two new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 169: 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.169.2647
Figures 5-6 - Habitus of Stenus zhangdinghengi in dorsal and ventral view. Scale = 1 mm.
Figures 1-2 from: Pan Y, Tang L, Li L (2012) Notes on the Stenus cirrus group, with description of two new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 169: 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.169.2647
Figures 1-2 - Habitus of Stenus fellowesi in dorsal and ventral view. Scale = 1 mm.
Figures 3-4 from: Pan Y, Tang L, Li L (2012) Notes on the Stenus cirrus group, with description of two new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 169: 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.169.2647
Figures 3-4 - Habitus ofStenus huanghaoi in dorsal and ventral view. Scale = 1 mm.
Figures 3- 4 from: Yu Y, Tang L, Yu W (2014) Three new species of the Stenus cirrus group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Jiangxi, South China. ZooKeys 442: 73-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.442.8215
Figures 3- 4 - Habitus of Stenus mingyueshanus in dorsal and ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figures 1- 2 from: Yu Y, Tang L, Yu W (2014) Three new species of the Stenus cirrus group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Jiangxi, South China. ZooKeys 442: 73-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.442.8215
Figures 1- 2 - Habitus of Stenus wugongshanus in dorsal and ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figures 5- 6 from: Yu Y, Tang L, Yu W (2014) Three new species of the Stenus cirrus group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Jiangxi, South China. ZooKeys 442: 73-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.442.8215
Figures 5- 6 - Habitus of Stenus songxiaobini in dorsal and ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
A Study of EDG-7500 in Adults With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (CIRRUS-HCM)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06347159. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Reproducibility of Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00643422. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Analysis With Cirrus HD OCT Versus Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00766389. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Corrected Measurement of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness by Optic Disc Configuration With the Cirrus HD OCT
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00741130. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Cirrus HD-OCT Measurements of Illumination Areas Under the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01890187. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Discriminating Ability of the Cirrus High Definition (HD) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for Glaucoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00742378. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurement on Parapapillary Atrophy With the Cirrus High-Definition (HD) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00742196. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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