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Fig. 6 in Comparing morphology of Myzus persicae regarding the taxonomic clarification of a subspecies colonising tobacco

Fig. 6. SEM images of the antenna and corresponding sensilla of the apterous L1 larva (A–A′′′), apterous L2 larva (B–B′′′), and apterous adult (C–C′′′), as well as alate L2-L3 nymph (D–D′′′), alate L3-L4 nymph (E–E′′′), and alate adult (F–F′′′) of Myzus persicae nicotianae. (A–F) The third antennal segment with (B–F) or without (A) type-I trichoid sensilla (blue-coloured). Adult alate specimens bore small multiporous placoid sensilla (secondary rhinaria, pink-coloured) within cuticle cavities along the segment (F). (A′-F′) The distal fifth segment with type-I trichoid sensilla (blue-coloured) and big multiporous placoid sensillum (secondary rhinarium, redcoloured), partially covered by cuticular protrusions. (A′′-F′′) The base of the antennal segment VI with multiple big placoid sensilla (primary rhinaria, red-coloured), type-I (green-coloured), and type-II (yellow-coloured) sunken coeloconic rhinaria, all enclosed by cuticle protrusions in separate cavities. (A′′′ -F′′′) Distal processus terminalis with four type-II trichoid sensilla (purple-coloured).

Fig. 5 in Comparing morphology of Myzus persicae regarding the taxonomic clarification of a subspecies colonising tobacco

Fig. 5. SEM images of juvenile and adult alate Myzus persicae persicae. Nymph at developmental stages two to three, L2-L3 (A–A′′′′) or three to four, L3-L4 (B–B′′′′), and adult (C–C′′′′). The head and antennal tubercles (A′, B′) with diverging features and distinctive vertex (C′). The thoracic segments show an enlarged, still wingless second segment (A′′), the roots of the nymphal wing buds (B′′), and the segment with the attachment point of the forewings (C′′). The overview of the abdominal tergites identifies structural differences between juveniles (A′′′, B′′′) and adult (C′′′). Posterior abdominal tergites and cauda with the siphunculi (A′′′′, B′′′′) exhibiting distal swelling (C′′′′).

Fig. 4 in Comparing morphology of Myzus persicae regarding the taxonomic clarification of a subspecies colonising tobacco

Fig. 4. SEM images of different morphs of apterous Myzus persicae persicae. Larva at developmental stage one, L1 (A–A′′′′) and two, L2 (B–B′′′′), and adult (C–C′′′′). The dorsal, wrinkled head (A′, B′) with some spicules (C′). The three dorsally sculptured thoracic segments (A′′-C′′) and the abdomen (A′′′-C′′′). (A′′′′ -C′′′′) Details of the posterior abdominal tergites with the dorsally located, compressed, and distally swollen (A′′′′, B′′′′) or long cylindrical (C′′′′) siphunculi and the transition to the cauda.

Fig. 2 in Comparing morphology of Myzus persicae regarding the taxonomic clarification of a subspecies colonising tobacco

Fig. 2. SEM images of different stages of apterous Myzus persicae nicotianae. (A–A′′′′) L1, (B–B′′′′) L2, (C–C′′′′) adult. (A′-C′) Dorsal head structure. (A′′-C′′) Thoracic segments. (A′′′-C′′′) Abdominal segments. (A′′′′ -C′′′′) The 8th tergite and the cauda with siphunculi.

Fig. 7 in Comparing morphology of Myzus persicae regarding the taxonomic clarification of a subspecies colonising tobacco

Fig. 7. SEM images of the antennal segments III, V, VI, and corresponding sensilla of Myzus persicae persicae. Apterous L1 (A–A′′′), L2 (B–B′′′), apterous adult (C–C′′ ′), alate L2-L3 nymph (D–D′′′), alate L3-4 nymph (E), and alate adult (F). Antennal segment III without sensilla (A, B) or with evenly distributed type-I trichoid sensilla (blue-coloured, C–F). Adult alate also bore small multiporous placoid sensilla (secondary rhinaria, pink-coloured, F). Segment V with type-I trichoid sensilla (blue-coloured,C′,D′) and big multiporous placoid sensillum (red-coloured) enclosed in a cuticular cavity and covered by protrusions (A′, B′, E′, F′). (A′′-F′′) Base of the sixth segment with type-I trichoid sensilla (blue-coloured) and a group of primary rhinaria composed of three big multiporous placoid sensilla of different sizes (red-coloured), and sunken type-I (green-coloured) and type-II (yellow-coloured) coeloconic sensilla. (A′′′-F′′′) Group of four type-II trichoid sensilla (purple-coloured) at the distal terminal process.

Fig. 8 in Comparing morphology of Myzus persicae regarding the taxonomic clarification of a subspecies colonising tobacco

Fig. 8. SEM images of wings of adult alatae Myzus persicae nicotianae and Myzus persicae persicae (A–D) and nymphal wing buds (E, F). Adult M. p. nicotianae forewing (A′) and hindwing (A′′) surface with distinct crescent- and arrow-shaped structures covering the edges. (B) The M. p. persicae fore- and hindwing surface. (B′, B′′) Small crescent-shaped structures cover the distal parts and veins of the wing with centered small knobby structures. (B′) An arrow marks a hamulus on the claval apparatus of the hindwing. (C) White arrows point to the hamuli on the hindwings of alate specimen of M. p. persicae. Hamuli on the left (C′) and right (C′′) hindwing are surrounded by numerous crescent-shaped structures that also cover the veins and distal parts of the wing. (D) The fore- and hindwing of an alate M. p. persicae show the pterostigma and surrounding structures on the wing membrane with scale-shaped elements of varying shapes (D′). Nymphal wing buds of M. p. persicae (E) and M. p. nicotianae (F).

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FIGURE 1 in Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 1. Lateral views of brachypterous Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng). a) male; b) female. Scale bars 2 mm.

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FIGURE 3 in Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 3. Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng) alive from Huangshan (Tangkou) (a, b, d) and Shitai (Guniujiang) (c), Anhui Province, PR China.

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FIGURE 2 in Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 2. Female Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng). a) frontal view of head (brachypterous); b) dorsal view of body (brachypterous); c) lateral view of body (macropterous). Scale bars a=1 mm; b, c=2 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 9. Distribution map of Synotis guizhouensis (☆), S. damiaoshanica (★), S. austroyunnanensis (▲) and S. sinica (●).

FIGURE 6 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 6. Synotis guizhouensis [Guiding (location of the holotype S. guizhouensis), Guizhou, China]. A. Habitat. B and C. Habit. D. Adaxial (left) and abaxial surface (right) of leaf blades. E. Inflorescence. F. Capitula (side view, noting that left with 8 phyllaries while right with 12 phyllaries). G. Capitulum (top view). Notes: Red arrow in B showing the young plant with its leaves subrosulate on the uppermost stem; yellow arrows in E, F and G showing the inconspicuous revolute ray florets.

FIGURE 5 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 5. Synotis damiaoshanica [M. Tang & L. Y. Wang 124 (IBSC), collected from the type locality of S. damiaoshannica in Rongshui, Guangxi, China].

FIGURE 8 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 8. Synotis austroyunnanensis [Malipo, Yunnan, China]. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Adaxial (left) and abaxial surface (right, always purple) of leaf blades. D. Inflorescence. E. Capitulum (side view). F. Capitulum (top view).

FIGURE 1 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Synotis damiaoshanica. A. Yuanbao Mountain, Xiaosang village, Rongshui County, Guangxi, China, S. Q. Chen 16788 (holotype, PE). B. Duplicate (isotype, IBK). C. Duplicate (isotype, IBSC). D. Duplicate (isotype, SZ).

FIGURE 7 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 7. Different populations of Synotis guizhouensis. A. Panxian, Guizhou, China, Anshun Expedition 1126 (PE). B. Lingyun, Guangxi, China, C. C. Chang 11187 (IBSC), misidentified as S. sinica by Y. L. Chen. C. Zhenfen, Guizhou, China, D. J. Liu 739 (IBSC), misidentified as S. sinica by Y. L. Chen. D. Wenshan, Yunnan, China, H. T. Tsai 58-8050 (KUN), misidentified as S. hieraciifolia by Y. L. Chen.

FIGURE 3 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 3. Holotype sheet of Synotis guizhouensis (Pin-fa (=Pingfa County, Guiding City), Kouy-tcheou (=Guizhou Province), China, M. Cavalerie s.n., P).

FIGURE 4 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 4. Synotis damiaoshanica [Rongshui, Guangxi, China]. A. Habitat. B and C. Habits. D. Adaxial surface of leaf blades. E. Abaxial surface of leaf blades. F. Inflorescence. G. Capitulum (side view). H. Capitulum (top view). I. Bracts of calyculus (left one) and phyllaries (right two). J. Ray floret (left) & disk floret (right). Notes: the leaves of d4 and e4 were taken during our field work under sunshine while the others were taken in the room under fluorescent lamp thus sheen of d4 and e 4 seems different; yellow arrows in G & H showing the inconspicuous revolute ray florets.

FIGURE 2 in Notes on the specific identity of Synotis damiaoshanica (Compositae, Senecioneae), with clarification of the confusing identities of S. guizhouensis and S. sinica

FIGURE 2. Type specimens of Synotis austroyunnanensis. A. Xichou County, Yunnan, China, C. W. Wang 81288 (holotype, PE). B. Duplicate (isotype, KUN).

FIGURE 18 in Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China

FIGURE 18. Syntype sheets of Artemisia tangutica var. tomentosa. B. Inset a: portion of a leaf, adaxially viscid-pubescent; inset b: capitula, phyllaries abaxially sparsely pubescent.

FIGURE 17 in Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China

FIGURE 17. Artemisia tainingensis in the wild (China, Sichuan, Dawu County, the type locality). A. Habitat and habit. B. Rhizome and roots. C. Portions of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E. Adaxial side of leaf. F. Abaxial side of leaf. G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.