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232 results for “coral reef fish”
Supplementary material 2 from: Welicky RL, Hadfield KA, Sikkel PC, Smit NJ (2017) Molecular assessment of three species of Anilocra (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) ectoparasites from Caribbean coral reef fishes, with the description of Anilocra brillae sp. n. ZooKeys 663: 21-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11415
Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distance of Anilocra spp. : Explanation note: K2P distance expressed in percent. The number identifier in the horizontal header column represents the number and corresponding species listed in the vertical column header.
FIG. 1 in A New Non-Invasive Technique for Temporarily Tagging Coral Reef Fishes
FIG. 1. (A) Graphic scheme of the tagging procedure: i) Dry the scales of the fish, scraping gently with a clean cotton tip (moving the top of the cotton tip in the same direction as the fish scales); ii) Apply on the dried area a very small drop of topical tissue adhesive; iii) Place the tag on the spot of adhesive using tweezers; iv) Using a wet cotton tip, press on the tag for few seconds (ensuring that there are no bubbles of air between the tag and the fish scales); v) Finally, apply a small amount of adhesive on the right and left extremities of the tag. This procedure requires less than a minute for each tag. (B) Graphic scheme and photo examples of the six possible combinations of the tags. Positions of the tags along the fish body (horizontal— posterior in orange, middle in yellow, and anterior in purple; and vertical—dorsal in red, central in blue, and ventral in green). Illustrations by RB.
FIG. 2 in A New Non-Invasive Technique for Temporarily Tagging Coral Reef Fishes
FIG. 2. (A) Comparison of attachment time of tags by position (horizontal positions—posterior, middle, and anterior; vertical positions—dorsal, central, and ventral) for left (L) and right (R) side of the fish; box plots show medians, 25th, and 75th percentiles. Black dots represent outliers. (B) Mean attachment time grid by position. Each square represents one of the nine possible tag positions with the relative mean attachment time represented by different color shades (blue-dark purple for mean attachment time between 40–45 hours; light purple-yellow for mean attachment time between 45–50 hours; yellow-orange for mean attachment time between 50–55 hours; orange-red for mean attachment time between 55–60 hours).
FIG. 3 in A New Non-Invasive Technique for Temporarily Tagging Coral Reef Fishes
FIG. 3. Comparison of attachment time (hr) of tags by fish (Fish Identity) ordered by fish size (total length in mm). Box plots show medians, 25th, and 75th percentiles. Black dots represent outliers; gray dots represent total length of fish.
Data from: Giant coral reef fishes display markedly different susceptibility to night spearfishing
The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) are two of the largest, most iconic fishes of Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Both species form prized components of subsistence and commercial fisheries and are vulnerable to overfishing. C. undulatus is listed as Endangered and B. muricatum as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. We investigated how night spearfishing pressure and habitat associations affected both species in a relatively lightly exploited setting; the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We used fisheries-independent data from underwater visual census surveys and negative binomial models to estimate abundances of adult C. undulatus and B. muricatum as a function of spearfishing pressure and reef strata. Our results showed that, in Kia, night spearfishing pressure from free divers had no measurable effect on C. undulatus abundances, but abundances of B. muricatum were 3.6 times lower in areas of high spearfishing pressure, after accounting for natural variations due to habitat preferences. It is likely the species' different nocturnal aggregation behaviours, combined with the fishers' use of night spearfishing by spot-checking underpin these species' varying susceptibility. Our study highlights that B. muricatum is extremely susceptible to night spearfishing; however, we do not intend to draw conservation attention away from C. undulatus. Our data relate only to the Kia fishing grounds, where human population density is low, the spot-checking strategy is effective for reliably spearing large numbers of fish, particularly B. muricatum, and fisheries have only recently begun to be commercialised; such conditions are increasingly rare. Instead, we recommend that regional managers assess the state of their fisheries and the dynamics affecting the vulnerability of the fishes to fishing pressure based on local-scale, fisheries-independent data, where resources permit.
Data from: Alternative functional strategies and altered carbon pathways facilitate broad depth ranges in coral-obligate reef fishes
Spatial refuges in peripheral habitats will become increasingly important for species persistence as climate change and other disturbances progressively impact habitat quality and assemblage compositions. However, the capacity for persistence will be determined in part by species‐specific abilities to absorb costs related to altered or decreased quantities and quality of resources at range peripheries. We compared variations in dietary strategies and energy acquisition trade‐offs along depth gradients in two obligate corallivores that differ in level of diet specialization. We also assessed depth‐related changes in energy pathways and energy content of their mixotrophic prey. We found no changes in feeding effort or total resource availability (total coral cover) towards deep range margins, but availability of the preferred resource (Acropora coral) decreased. While both species selectively targeted Acropora, the more specialized species (Chaetodon baronessa) exhibited limited feeding plasticity along the depth gradient. The degree of selectivity towards the preferred coral increased rather than decreased with depth, being 40 times greater than expected, given availability, at their range periphery. In contrast, the generalist's diet (Chaetodon octofasciatus) varied greatly in response to changes in resource availability with depth. Unexpectedly, the energy content of Acropora did not decline with depth, likely due to increased coral heterotrophy in deeper water, indicated by shifts in their molecular isotope geochemistry. This shift was accompanied by a 20% increase in plankton‐sourced carbon in the muscle tissue of deep‐resident fish, despite no observations of direct feeding on plankton food sources. Our results indicate that deep ranges in coral‐obligate reef fishes are supported by multiple mechanisms of trophic versatility in both the fish and corals. This nutritional plasticity likely serves a compensatory role in the resilience and eventual adaptation of organisms at their range peripheries. For species vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic impacts at range cores, variable and multi‐trophic functional responses can act to buffer against costs and increase the refuge potential of range peripheries. Specialist consumers may also be supported indirectly at range margins via trophic plasticity within their preferred prey.
Data from: Population genomics of local adaptation versus speciation in coral reef fishes (Hypoplectrus spp, Serranidae)
Are the population genomic patterns underlying local adaptation and the early stages of speciation similar? Addressing this question requires a system in which i. local adaptation and the early stages of speciation can be clearly identified and distinguished, ii. the amount of genetic divergence driven by the two processes is similar, and iii. comparisons can be repeated both taxonomically (for local adaptation) and geographically (for speciation). Here, we report just such a situation in the hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp), brightly colored reef fishes from the wider Caribbean. Close to 100,000 SNPs genotyped in 126 individuals from three sympatric species sampled in three repeated populations provide genome-wide levels of divergence that are comparable among allopatric populations (Fst estimate = 0.0042) and sympatric species (Fst estimate = 0.0038). Population genetic, clustering and phylogenetic analyses reveal very similar patterns for local adaptation and speciation, with a large fraction of the genome undifferentiated (Fst estimate ≈ 0), a very small proportion of Fst outlier loci (0.05-0.07%), and remarkably few repeated outliers (1-3). Nevertheless, different loci appear to be involved in the two processes in Hypoplectrus, with only 7% of the most differentiated SNPs and outliers shared between populations and species comparisons. In particular, a tropomyosin (Tpm4) and a previously identified hox (HoxCa) locus emerge as candidate loci (repeated outliers) for local adaptation and speciation, respectively. We conclude that marine populations may be locally adapted notwithstanding shallow levels of genetic divergence, and that from a population genomic perspective this process does not appear to differ fundamentally from the early stages of speciation.
Data from: Larval dispersal and fishing pressure influence recruitment in a coral reef fishery
<ol> <li><span>Understanding larval connectivity patterns in exploited fishes is a fundamental prerequisite for developing effective management strategies and assessing the vulnerability of a fishery to recruitment overfishing and localised extinction. To date however, researchers have not considered how regional variations in fishing pressure also influence recruitment. </span></li> <li><span>We used genetic parentage analyses and modelling to infer the dispersal patterns of bumphead parrotfish (<i>Bolbometopon muricatum</i>) larvae in the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We then extrapolated our Kia dispersal model to a regional scale by mapping the available nursery and adult habitat for <i>B. muricatum</i> in six regions in the western Solomon Islands, and estimated the relative abundance of adult <i>B. muricatum</i> populations in each of these regions based on available adult habitat and historical and current fishing pressure. </span></li> <li><span><span>Parentage analysis identified 67 juveniles that were the offspring of parents sampled in the Kia fishing grounds. A </span>fitted larval dispersal kernel<span> predicted that 50% of larvae settled within 30 km of their parents, and 95% settled within 85 km of their parents. After accounting for unsampled adults, our model predicted that 34% of recruitment to the Kia fishery was spawned locally. Extrapolating the spatial resolution of the model revealed that a high proportion of the larvae recruiting into the Kia fishing grounds came from nearby regions that had abundant adult populations. </span>Other islands in the archipelago provided few recruits to the Kia fishing grounds, reflecting the greater distances to these islands and lower adult abundances in some regions. </span></li> <li> <em>Synthesis and <a>applications</a></em><em>: </em>This study shows how recruitment into a commercial reef fishery is influenced by larval dispersal patterns and regional variations in historical fishing pressure. The scales of larval connectivity observed for <i>B. muricatum</i> indicate that recruitment overfishing is unlikely if there are lightly exploited reefs up to 85 km away from a heavily fished region, and that small marine protected areas (MPAs) are insufficient to protect this species. We recommend greater efforts to understand the interactions between larval dispersal and gradients of fishing pressure, as this will enable the development of tailored fisheries management <a>strategies.</a> </li> </ol>
Non-reef habitats in a tropical seascape affect density and biomass of fishes on coral reefs
<p class="CxSpFirst">Non-reef habitats such as mangroves, seagrass, and macroalgal beds are important for foraging, spawning, and as nursery habitat for some coral reef fishes. The spatial configuration of non-reef habitats adjacent to coral reefs can therefore have a substantial influence on the distribution and composition of reef fish. We investigate how different habitats in a tropical seascape in the Philippines influence the presence, density, and biomass of coral reef fishes to understand the relative importance of different habitats across various spatial scales. A detailed seascape map generated from satellite imagery was combined with field surveys of fish and benthic habitat on coral reefs. We then compared the relative importance of local reef (within coral reef) and adjacent habitat (habitats in the surrounding seascape) variables for coral reef fishes. Overall, adjacent habitat variables were as important as local reef variables in explaining reef fish density and biomass, despite being fewer in number in final models. For adult and juvenile wrasses (Labridae), and juveniles of some parrotfish taxa (<i>Chlorurus)</i>, adjacent habitat was more important in explaining fish density and biomass. Notably, wrasses were positively influenced by the amount of sand and macroalgae in the adjacent seascape. Adjacent habitat metrics with the highest relative importance were sand (positive), macroalgae (positive) and mangrove habitats (negative), and fish responses to these metrics were consistent across fish groups evaluated. The 500-m spatial scale was selected most often in models for seascape variables. Local coral reef variables with the greatest importance were percent cover of live coral (positive), sand (negative), and macroalgae (mixed). Incorporating spatial metrics that describe the surrounding seascape will capture more holistic patterns of fish-habitat relationships on reefs. This is important in regions where protection of reef fish habitat is an integral part of fisheries management but where protection of non-reef habitats is often overlooked.</p>
A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress.
<p>Urbanised coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.</p> <p>There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional level. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.</p> <p>Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change, and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post-disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait-based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975-6 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.</p> <p>We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/ sub-massive corals and increasing site-based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait-based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5m) and deep (>8m) coral genera shifting towards the mid-depths (5-8m).</p> <p>We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value.</p>
Data from: Larval traits carry over to affect post-settlement behaviour in a common coral reef fish
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Non-reef habitats in a tropical seascape affect density and biomass of fishes on coral reefs
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Data from: Global ecological success of Thalassoma fishes in extreme coral reef habitats
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Data from: Direct and indirect effects of nursery habitats on coral-reef fish assemblages, grazing pressure, and benthic dynamics
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Data from: Applying Lanchester’s laws to the interspecific competition of coral reef fish
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Data from: Community-wide scan identifies fish species associated with coral reef services across the Indo-Pacific
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Data from: Environmental gradients predict the genetic population structure of a coral reef fish in the Red Sea
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Data from: Alternative functional strategies and altered carbon pathways facilitate broad depth ranges in coral-obligate reef fishes
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Data from: Large-scale, multi-directional larval connectivity among coral reef fish populations in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
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Data from: Genomic signatures of geographic isolation and natural selection in coral reef fishes
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.