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345 results for “cracking”
Figure 3 in Cracking a Developmental Constraint: Egg Size and Bird Evolution
Figure 3. Relationship between egg weight and female body weight in extant birds. (A) Graph to discriminate between altricial [n = 96; filled circles; r2 = 0.906, p <0.001; egg mass = –0.659394 + 0.7889097.bodymass], and precocial [n = 113; open circles] (including super precocial [n = 29; grey triangles]; r2 = 0.801, p <0.001; egg mass = –0.164615 + 0.6451872.bodymass) taxa. Both of these results have significantly higher r2 values than those found for 100 bootstrap replicates that paired body and egg mass at random. (B) Bar chart showing that the three broad developmental modes seen in Neornithes are characterized by significantly different egg/female body mass relationships. Discrimination among all three groups is borne out by averaged data (Kruskal-Wallis test, p <0.005). Abbreviations: A, altricial; P, Precocial; SP, super precocial.
Figure 2 in Cracking a Developmental Constraint: Egg Size and Bird Evolution
Figure 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis for relationships amongst modern birds (Neornithes) showing altricial
Figure 4 in Cracking a Developmental Constraint: Egg Size and Bird Evolution
Figure 4. Relationship between femur length (approximates body mass) and egg mass in extant and fossil birds (n = 117; r2 = 0.758, p <0.001). These data show that both Confuciusornis (cartoon, open circle) and the similarly-sized Buttonquail (Turnix) (grey triangle) lay relatively small eggs compared to their body size (Appendix).
Text-fig. 3. Textures of main volcaniclastic deposits exposed in abandoned Ludvíkovice quarry. a: radial cracks surrounding some boulders (see arrows) in hot lahar deposit. b: jig-saw fit of fractures (see arrows) within a mega-block of debris-avalanche deposit. c: pseudo-fiamme texture of compacted argillized pumice-fall deposit. d: trachybasaltic lapilli-stone of phreato-magmatic eruption. e: palaeo-relief developed and buried within the pyroclastic unit. f: diagonal bedding in fluvial volcanigenic sandstones. g: diluted and fine-grained lahars embedded in volcanigenic sandstones. in A New Oligocene Flora From Ludvíkovice Near Děčín (České Středohoří Mts., The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 3. Textures of main volcaniclastic deposits exposed in abandoned Ludvíkovice quarry. a: radial cracks surrounding some boulders (see arrows) in hot lahar deposit. b: jig-saw fit of fractures (see arrows) within a mega-block of debris-avalanche deposit. c: pseudo-fiamme texture of compacted argillized pumice-fall deposit. d: trachybasaltic lapilli-stone of phreato-magmatic eruption. e: palaeo-relief developed and buried within the pyroclastic unit. f: diagonal bedding in fluvial volcanigenic sandstones. g: diluted and fine-grained lahars embedded in volcanigenic sandstones.
Data - Co-feeding of VGO and pine-wood derived hydrogenated pyrolysis oils in an Fluid Catalytic Cracking pilot plant to generate olefins and gasoline
<p>Dataset to the corresponding research article with the same title. Research article is submitted to the open research europe platform.</p>
Fatigue Crack Propagation Benchmark, GDR 3651 FATACRACK
<p>This is a data set for fatigue crack propagation following the benchmark defined within the french research network GDR 3651 FATACRACK funded by CNRS <a href="http://www.gdr3651.cnrs.fr/">http://www.gdr3651.cnrs.fr</a>. </p> <p>Only two test configurations are reported in this data set. But DIC allows to provide for the analysis not only of the crack tip state ( tip position, crack growth rate and stress intensity factors) but also of the displacement amplitude along the boundary of the analyzed domain. The data set can thus be used to validate fatigue crack growth models.</p> <p>A detailed description of the data set is given in the pdf file Fatigue_Crack_Propagation_Benchmark.pdf.</p> <p><strong>!!!!! there is unfortunately a mistake in the pdf document: the sample thickness is 4 mm !!!!!</strong></p> <p><br> </p> <p> </p>
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g).
Data from: Fatigue crack propagation in AA5083 structures additively manufactured via multi-layer friction surfacing
<p>This dataset contains the data for the publication " Fatigue crack propagation in AA5083 structures additively manufactured via multi-layer friction surfacing"</p>
Brickwork Cracks Dataset
<p><strong>Brickwork Cracks Dataset</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version</strong> 1.0 (2023-06-07)</p> <p><strong>Please cite as:</strong> S. Katsigiannis, S. Seyedzadeh, A. Agapiou, N. Ramzan, "Deep learning for crack detection on masonry façades using limited data and transfer learning", Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 76, 107105, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107105</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong><br> While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the data included in the Brickwork Cracks Dataset, the authors and the University of the West of Scotland, the University of Strathclyde, and Durham University do not provide any guaranties and disclaim all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which you might incur as a result of the provided data being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and for any reason. 2023, University of the West of Scotland, United Kingdom, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom, Durham University, United Kingdom.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset summary</strong></p> <p>The dataset contains 700 brickwork images, divided into two classes. The positive class denotes the existence of cracks in the brickwork, whereas the negative class denotes that no cracks exist in the brickwork. The dataset contains 350 images for each class.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional information</strong></p> <p>For additional information regarding the Brickwork Cracks Dataset, please refer to the associated publication: S. Katsigiannis, S. Seyedzadeh, A. Agapiou, N. Ramzan, "Deep learning for crack detection on masonry façades using limited data and transfer learning", Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 76, 107105, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107105</p>
NCCD-PF - A pre-failure narrow concrete cracks dataset for engineering structures damage classification and semantic segmentation
<p>The NCCD-PF dataset was developed for the classification and semantic segmentation of narrow concrete cracks in engineering structures elements at the pre-failure state. It only includes cracks whose width is narrower than 0.3 mm, i.e. the limit value specified in EC 1992-1-1 for typical elements of engineering structures and environmental conditions.</p> <p>This dataset is dedicated to the early crack detection at a stage when the serviceability limit state has not yet been exceeded and the failure of a structural element has not occurred. By implementing the early crack detection approach, it is possible to protect cracks in order to stop or slow down their propagation and thus to extend the structure's lifespan.</p> <p>This dataset contains images of cracks appearing on various elements of engineering structures (bridges, viaducts, tunnels) made of reinforced concrete (including abutments, tunnel walls, concrete barriers, pillars). The images were captured on construction sites and during inspections of engineering structures, at different stages of the reinforced concrete structure's working conditions - from the construction stage (when the elements are loaded only by their own weight) to the structure's use stage (when the elements are loaded by most of the design loads). The images are also differentiated by the cause of the cracking (ex., thermal and shrinkage stresses in young concrete, excessive stresses). The images were acquired using fixed-focus cameras without prior conditioning in order to represent the real working conditions of a bridge engineer during structural inspections. The images are characterised by a high degree of complexity due to the quality of the concrete surface finish (e.g. presence of formwork marks, concrete trowel marks), which could potentially be recognised as cracks.</p> <p>This dataset is dedicated to researchers working in the fields of computer vision, machine learning and deep learning. In particular, it contains domain knowledge in structural health monitoring, so that it can support the work of engineers in detecting cracks of concrete elements in a pre-failure state.</p> <p>A detailed description of the dataset is presented in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02839-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A pre-failure narrow concrete cracks dataset for engineering structures damage classification and segmentation</a> (DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02839-z).</p>
Dataset from: Numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth in offshore mooring chains
<p>A polynomial solution for approximating the stress intensity factor (SIF) along the front of a semi-elliptical crack in a curved round bar has been developed. The normal stress distribution in the crack plane is assumed to be on a cubic polynomial form. Coefficients for the polynomial SIF solution have been calculated using least-squares fitting of finite element analysis results (<em>n</em>=4480 per stress distribution component). </p>
Cracks in the mirror hypothesis: high specularity does not reduce detection or predation risk
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The shape of kernels and cracks, in a nutshell
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset of GFRP cross-plies laminates observations for study of fiber/matrix interface crack growth
<p>This is the dataset which has been developed during the project course T009T at LTU (Luleå Tekniska Universitet) from September to December 2019.</p> <p>It contains mechanical data and microscopic observations done on GFRP cross-plies laminates [0,902]s and [0,903]s at different strain levels, from 0.3% to 1.0%.</p>
Weakly-Supervised Crack Detection Dataset
<p>This repo contains two files: crack detection dataset (weakly_sup_crackdet_dataset.zip), and pretrained TensorFlow model for Xception65 (pascal_voc_seg.zip).</p> <p>The dataset consists of rough annotations used in weakly-supervised crack detection. It contains roughly annotated ground truths for the following datasets:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="https://www.irit.fr/~Sylvie.Chambon/AigleRN_GT.html">Aigle</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://github.com/cuilimeng/CrackForest-dataset">Crack Forest Dataset</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://github.com/yhlleo/DeepCrack">DeepCrack</a></p> </li> </ul> <p>Annotations of different "roughness" are stored. Directories suffixed "*_dil*" are synthetically-generated annotations, while directories suffixed "*_rough" and "*_rougher" are manually-generated annotations. The detail of the dataset is described in [1]. Please also refer to our GitHub repo <a href="https://github.com/hitachi-rd-cv/weakly-sup-crackdet">https://github.com/hitachi-rd-cv/weakly-sup-crackdet</a> for more details.</p> <p>This dataset is made available by Hitachi, Ltd.</p> <p>The pretrained model is used by [1]. Please use it for comparison experiments. Please refer to our GitHub repor for more details.</p> <p>[1] Inoue, Y., Nagayoshi, H.: Crack detection as a weakly-supervised problem: Towards achieving less annotation-intensive crack detectors. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) (2020)</p>
Data for article: Crack Identification in Necked Double Shear Lugs by means of the Electro-Mechanical Impedance Method
<p>Data to preproduce results presented in the article:<br> Title: <strong>Crack Identification in Necked Double Shear Lugs by means of the Electro-Mechanical Impedance Method</strong><br> Authors: Markus Winklberger *, Christoph Kralovec, Christoph Humer, Peter Heftberger, Martin Schagerl<br> *Correspondence: markus.winklberger@jku.at<br> Journal: Sensors<br> Section: Physical Sensors<br> Special Issue: Piezoelectric Transducers Based Structural Health Monitoring</p> <p>Data saved in csv-files with ";" delimiter.</p>
Accompanying data for the paper "Crack branching at low tip speeds: spilling the T"
<h2>Links</h2><ul><li>isCitedBy <i>publication-article</i> <a href="https://doi.org/10.46298/jtcam.10172">https://doi.org/10.46298/jtcam.10172</a></li><li>isSupplementedBy <i>software</i> <a href="https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:73fae3c4e4fce0f9a2c36a7ccf3a7be7c229c5ca;origin=https://github.com/jrethore/ufreckles;visit=swh:1:snp:9c0d967db98cef7f2b5d1dca641d392f75794b80;anchor=swh:1:rev:c83ced7bf43f3bd717f85c82a39c8cce2a5515db">https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:73fae3c4e4fce0f9a2c36a7ccf3a7be7c229c5ca;origin=https://github.com/jrethore/ufreckles;visit=swh:1:snp:9c0d967db98cef7f2b5d1dca641d392f75794b80;anchor=swh:1:rev:c83ced7bf43f3bd717f85c82a39c8cce2a5515db</a></li><li>isSupplementedBy <i>software</i> <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/1433776">https://zenodo.org/record/1433776</a></li></ul><h2>Language</h2><ul><li>English</li></ul><h2>License</h2><ul><li>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0</li></ul><h2>Contributions</h2><ul><li>Elie Eid contributed to the experiments, their analysis, the numerical simulations and the writing of the paper.</li><li>Rian Seghir contributed to the experiments and the fullfield measurements. He also contributed to the writing of the paper.</li><li>Julien Réthoré contributed to the experiments and to the writing of the paper.</li></ul><h2>Data collection: period and details</h2><ul><li>Data have been collected during July 2021</li></ul><h2>Funding sources</h2><ul><li>Connect Talent IDS project funded by Région Pays de la Loire, Nantes Métropole and Ecole Centrale de Nantes with the additional support of of European Union.</li><li>French Research National Agency programme through grant ANR-16-CE30-0007-01</li></ul><h2>Data structure and information</h2><ul><li>Four SCDC (Single Crack Direct Compression) specimens are dynamically loaded via an impact on the edge perpendicular to the notch.</li><li>Specimens are mounted on a waveguide to ensure proper compressive wave entering the specimen and to hold the sample while keeping all other boundaries free.</li><li>The impact induces a compressive wave; however, the presence of the hole creates a tensile zone sideways opening thus the notch and enabling the fracture initiation.</li><li>Due to the absence of an impedance at the right-hand side boundary, stress-waves are fully reflected from the right-hand side boundary and deliver new loading-unloading conditions of the crack-tip modifying its advancement eventually leading to branching.</li><li>Samples are laser-cut from a commercial PolyMethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) manufactured by Arkema. The pre-crack's width matches the beam's, ie. 200um. A synthetic speckle pattern is laser-engraved onto the sample surface (useful for ensuring quality and reproducibility of the pattern for the application of the DIC procedure).</li><li>All images are captured using the High-spatial Resolution and Ultra-high speed (HR-UHS) Cordin camera Model 580 at 400 kfps with a resolution of 3296 x 2472 pixels. Field of view is 154.25mm x 115.69mm leading to a pixel size of 0.0468mm.</li></ul><p>Ufreckles is used to perform FE-based DIC using T3P1 linear triangular elements and a Tikhonov regularisation (over 3 elements). Eventually, Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) parameters are obtained post-projecting displacement fields on Williams' series using Ufreckles.</p><ul><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1433776">https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.1433776</a></li><li><a href="https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:73fae3c4e4fce0f9a2c36a7ccf3a7be7c229c5ca;origin=https://github.com/jrethore/ufreckles;visit=swh:1:snp:9c0d967db98cef7f2b5d1dca641d392f75794b80;anchor=swh:1:rev:c83ced7bf43f3bd717f85c82a39c8cce2a5515db">https://archive.softwareheritage.org/badge/swh:1:dir:73fae3c4e4fce0f9a2c36a7ccf3a7be7c229c5ca/</a></li></ul><p>Complete analysis of the data can be found in [Eid, E., Seghir, R., & Réthoré, J. (2023). Crack branching at low tip speeds: spilling the T. Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics.]</p><h2>All test directories contain:</h2><p><i>Data</i></p><ul><li>raw images: in /images/ folder in 16bit .tiff format</li><li>the timeline: at root (time.txt) in µs</li><li>a distortion model: at root (Distortion.mat) containing camera distortion modes and amplitudes for each camera sensor</li><li>a mesh: at root (mesh_crack_conform.vtk) for FE-based DIC</li><li>VTK result fields: in /Results/VTK/ containing experimental DIC mesh, nodal displacement, velocity and accelerations fields and elementary strain and strain-rate fields for each frame</li><li>Fracture parameters: in /Results/VTK/LEFM.txt containing the identified LEFM parameters (for the main crack propagation from initiation to branching frames)</li></ul><p><i>Matlab Codes</i> to produce results (working with Ufreckles)</p><ul><li>MultiSensor_DIC_script.m: in /Codes/ is the main script to run DIC</li><li>Shape functions: in /Codes/shape_functions/ containing Zernike polynomial shape functions and deconvolution algorithm to get effective displacement from total displacement knowing camera distortions</li></ul><h2>One directory per tested specimen:</h2><ul><li>T3DE: impacted at a projectile velocity of 31.8 m/s</li><li>TAF1: impacted at a projectile velocity of 30.5 m/s</li><li>TAF2: impacted at a projectile velocity of 22 m/s</li><li>THOM: impacted at a projectile velocity of 22 m/s</li></ul>
Iron particles oxidation measurements - trajectories, cracking and temperature
<p>Data collected in Miniatura 6 project no 2022/06/X/ST8/01753 "Experimental investigation of combustion kinetics and cracking intensity of iron particles in high heating rate conditions" financed by National Science Centre, Poland</p>
Supplemental Material to Doctoral Thesis "Engineering approach for predicting tunneling crack initiation in trailing-edge adhesive joints of wind turbine blades under mechanical fatigue and thermal residual stresses"
<p>This set supplements the figure data to the doctoral thesis "Engineering approach for predicting tunneling crack initiation in trailing-edge adhesive joints of wind turbine blades under mechanical fatigue and thermal residual stresses", DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-19144">10.14279/depositonce-19144</a></p>
Repository of "How Stress Biaxiality Controls Crack Morphology and Apparent Fracture Energy of Dikes and Sills"
<p>This repository contains the dataset of the future publication "How Stress Biaxiality Controls Crack Morphology and Apparent Fracture Energy of Dikes and Sills". It contains:</p> <ul> <li>1 file recapitulating sample dimensions and informations on the tests.</li> <li>12 “raw” mechanical results of experiments on Carrara marble (6 WST — 3 dry/3 saturated tests, 6 MRT — 3 dry/3 saturated tests) with minimal filtering.</li> <li>12 “computed” mechanical results of experiments on Carrara marble (6 WST — 3 dry/3 saturated tests, 6 MRT — 3 dry/3 saturated tests) with the use of the compliance method.</li> <li>2 compressed and stitched back-scattered SEM scans imaging the crack tip in xz direction after crack arrest on WST and MRT.</li> <li>5 stitched back-scattered SEM scans imaging the crack in yz direction on WST at 20, 40, 60 mm MRT at 10, 25 mm of crack propagation.</li> </ul> <p>For more details and information about the dataset, do not hesitate to contact me at antoine.guggisberg@epfl.ch</p> <p> </p>
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