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Fig. 6 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms
Fig. 6 Estimated times of divergence of Lumbricidae, Hormogastridae and Diporodrilidae genus-level clades. The Corso-Sardinian taxa (Diporodrilus, Hormogaster, Norana and Scherotheca) and their continental relatives are shown in different colours (see legend). Vertical blue bars indicate 95% highest posterior density intervals. Gray rings indicate the approximate geological ages corresponding to the most
Figure 1 in Mass migration of earthworms in Mawlyngot area, East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya
Figure 1. Mass migration of earthworms at Mawlyngot. [Courtesy: Late J. S. Shangpliang of RiKhasi Channel, Shillong].
Figure 5 in Earthworm diversity and abundance in different habitats at Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Kolkata
Figure 5. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Shannon H' Log Base 10) and Evenness Index (Shannon J') in different habitats.
Figure 5 in Distribution and diversity of earthworm (Annelida, Clitellata) populations across four land use types in northern Cameroon
Figure 5. Percentage of age class group composition based on region. AR = Adamawa region, NR = North region, FR = Far-north region.
Figure 4 in Distribution and diversity of earthworm (Annelida, Clitellata) populations across four land use types in northern Cameroon
Figure 4. Geographical locations of the study sites in the Adamawa region. Adapted from SOGEFI (2016).
Figure 6 in Distribution and diversity of earthworm (Annelida, Clitellata) populations across four land use types in northern Cameroon
Figure 6. Percentage of age class group composition based on land use types. WS = Woody Savannah, GS = Grass Savannah, PA = Pasture Area, AL = Agricultural Land.
Figure 3 in Earthworm, a novel in vivo system to validate antimitotic compounds
Figure 3. Microscopy analysis of blastema development. Worms treated with water showed development of blastema 3 days after amputation (A), whereas wound healing alone was observed in worms treated with colchicine (B) or aqueous extract of A. calamus (C). Healed wounds are indicated by arrows. Histological studies show the regenerating budding tissue in water-treated worms (D), healed wounds alone in colchicine-treated worms (E), or aqueous extract of A. calamus (F). All tissues (D, E, and F) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were photographed with 4× magnification using a light microscope. The arrows in panels D, E, and F indicate the borders of the lesion. rb - regenerating blastema, wh - wound healing, ECL - epithelial cell layer, CML - circular muscle layer, LCL - longitudinal cell layer. Scale bar equals 50 µm.
Figure 2 in Earthworm, a novel in vivo system to validate antimitotic compounds
Figure 2. Inhibition of blastema development in Eudrilus eugeniae by colchicine and aqueous extract of Acorus calamus. A) The adult earthworm, E. eugeniae, is marked to show anterior (ar), clitellum (cl), and posterior (pr) regions. The control worms were injected with distilled water every 24 h for a period of 7 days, and the development of the blastema was observed after day 3 (B), day 5 (C), or day 7 (D). Colchicine was injected similarly for 7 consecutive days and the development of blastema was not observed after day 3 (E), day 5 (F). or day 7 (G). Aqueous extract of A. calamus rhizomes was injected every 24 h for a period of 7 days and the development of blastema was not observed after day 3 (H), day 5 (I), or day 7 (J). rb - regenerating blastema, wh - wound healing.
Figure 1 in Earthworm, a novel in vivo system to validate antimitotic compounds
Figure 1. Inhibition of cell division in AllIum cepa root tips by colchicine and water extract of Acorus calamus. All root tips were incubated with respective samples for 16 h before the processing. A) Different stages of mitosis of roots treated with distilled water, observed with a 40× objective lens; B) the arrest of cell division predominantly in metaphase by colchicine (100 µg/mL); C) more prophases compared to the stages of metaphase and anaphase in samples treated with Acorus calamus (1 mg/mL); D) magnified images of all 4 phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) in water-treated samples; E) the magnified images of 6 metaphases and 1 anaphase in colchicine-treated samples; F) the magnified images of metaphase, anaphase, and prophase. The graph (G) shows the % of cells observed in different phases of mitotic cell division with mean ± SEM bar and P-value (***: P <0.05). Marked circles indicate the different phases of cell division.
Figure 4 in Spatial distribution of the epigeic species of earthworms Dendrobaena octaedra and D. attemsi (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in the forest belt of the northwestern Caucasus
Figure 4. Correlation of the sampling frequency of earthworms D. octaedra and D. attemsi in the main forest types, depending on humidity (n: amount of samples). 1: pine forests, 2: dark coniferous forests, 3: coniferous-deciduous forests, 4: beech forests. and 5: deciduous forests. sss
Figure 2 in Spatial distribution of the epigeic species of earthworms Dendrobaena octaedra and D. attemsi (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in the forest belt of the northwestern Caucasus
Figure 2. Occurrence of earthworms in the samples (plant litter + deadwood) in the main forest types of northwestern Caucasus (n; coniferous-deciduous forests: 824, dark coniferous forests: 492, beech forests: 980, deciduous forests: 2275, and pine forests: 220).
Figure 1 in The orientation of earthworms is influenced by magnetic fields
Figure 1. The coiled vivarium with tool for camera (a); the experimental setup, I indicates current (b); the measured MF intensities and directions of application setting (c).
Figure 4 in The orientation of earthworms is influenced by magnetic fields
Figure 4. The direction and mean vectors of earthworms during 60-min application. Each color indicates the 5-min intervals indicated in the color panel.
Figure 3 in The orientation of earthworms is influenced by magnetic fields
Figure 3. The distribution and mean angles of earthworms in the control and experimental groups exposed to MF during the 60-min period repeated over 7 days.
Figure 3 in Earthworm community structure along altitudinal gradients on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia
Figure 3. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) using the Jaccard's index of similarity among the altitudinal transects.
Figure 1 in Earthworm community structure along altitudinal gradients on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia
Figure 1. The geographic position of the Kopaonik Mountain on the Balkan Peninsula (a) and map of sampling sites (b) (seen localities in Table 1).
Figure 5 in Earthworm community structure along altitudinal gradients on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia
Figure 5. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination plots based on Bray Curtis dissimilarities of earthworm communities by habitat types.
Figure 4 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 4. Growth of Purpureocillium lilacinum after 20 days postexposer to two different earthworm based media: fresh earthworms (FE) (four concentration C1, C2, C3, and C4), and earthworms devoid of gut contents (EDG) (four concentration C1, C2, C3, and C4), C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, C4 = 5 g/L, and two rich media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion (BHI).
Figure 5 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 5. Evaluation of conidial germination of the fungus Beauveria bassiana exposed to two different earthworm extracts: fresh earthworms (FE) and earthworms without gut contents, EDG, and two conventional media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion agar (BHI). A. Percentage germination on conventional and earthworm-based media. B. Percent germination as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. Concentrations are equivalent to C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, and C4 = 5 g/L. Results of one-way ANOVA (A) or two-way ANOVA (B), and differences are significant according to Tukey's test (HSD) and groups "a", "b" and "c".
Figure 3 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 3. Evaluation of vegetative growth, conidial production and germination in the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum exposed to two earthworm extracts: fresh earthworm (FE), earthworms devoid of intestinal contents (EDG) and two conventional media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion agar (BHI). A. Cumulative growth from 3 to 18 days according to conventional and earthworm-based media. B. Cumulative growth as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. C. Conidia production (×10⁵ conidia/mL) according to conventional and earthworm-based media. D. Conidia production (×10⁵ conidia/mL) according to concentration and earthworm-based medium. E. Percent germination on conventional and earthworm-based media. F. Percent germination as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. Concentrations are equivalent to C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, and C4 = 5 g/L. Results of one-way ANOVA (A, C, E) or two-way ANOVA (B, D, F), and differences are significant at Tukey's test (HSD) and groups "a", "b" and "c".
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