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FIGURE 4 in Steinernema pui sp. n. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationship of Steinernema pui sp. n. with other Steinernema species based on the D2D3 domain of 28S rDNA sequence.

FIGURE 1 in Steinernema pui sp. n. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 1. Steinernema pui sp. n. in lateral view. A, D and E: the whole body (A), Spicule (D) and tail (E) of first generation male; B, F and G: the anterior region (B), epiptygma (F) and tail (G) of the first generation female; C and F: the anterior region (C) and tail (F) of the infective juvenile. Scale bar (in µm): A = 320; B = 100; C = 32; D = 32; E = 65; F = 78; G = 28 and H = 90.

FIGURE 3 in Steinernema pui sp. n. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of spicules and gubernacula of Steinernema pui sp. n. A and B: spicules of mature males; C: spicule of a young male; D: spicule tip showing an aperture and an irregular shaped concave; E and F: gubernacula in ventral (E) and lateral view (F). Scale bar (in µm): A = 15; B = 13, C = 12; D = 2.6; E and F = 12.

FIGURE 6 in Steinernema pui sp. n. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationship of Steinernema pui sp. n. with other Steinernema species based on rDNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions.

FIGURE 2 in Steinernema pui sp. n. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 2. SEM micrographs of Steinernema pui sp. n. A: face view of a first generation male showing 6 labial papillae (l), 4 cephalic papillae (c) and 2 amphids (a); B: the tail of a first generation female showing a mucron (arrow) and anus; C: the tail of a first generation male showing the shape (conoid, short without mucron) and the distribution of genital papillae (arrows); D: the head of an ensheathed infective juvenile (IJ) showing 4 cephalic papillae (c) and an amphid (a); E: the middle portion of an IJ showing lateral field pattern; F: the tail of an IJ showing lateral field pattern and phasmids (p). Scale bar (in µm): A = 11; B = 30; C = 25; D = 7; E and F = 8.

FIGURE 7. Phylogeny reconstructed from D2D3 in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 7. Phylogeny reconstructed from D2D3 rDNA sequences of Heterorhabditis species (only bacteriophora-group shown). Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. showing one autapomorphy (transition in the position 127). NC = number of change.

FIGURE 4 in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships of 16 species of Heterorhabditis based on analysis of ITS rDNA regions. Caenorhabditis elegans and Pellioditis typica were used as outgroup taxa. Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony produced identical trees. Bayesian posterior probability values and bootstrap support values from maximum parsimony are given above and below branches, respectively.

FIGURE 3. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 3. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (SEM). A–D infective juvenile; A-head of ensheathed specimen, B-head with a labial tooth, C-cervical region with a lateral field beginning, D-lateral field in a mid-body; E–H.hermaphrodite. E–F head with lips, labial and cephalic papillae (1,2,3,4,5,6), G-vulval pattern, H-tail.

FIGURE 6 in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 6. Phylogeny reconstructed from ITS rDNA sequences of Heterorhabditis species. Only bacteriophora and megidis- groups are shown. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. has eight characters that change unambiguously on branch and five autapomorphies (= unique, derived characters, rectangular boxes at the positions 464, 846, 985, 1055 and 1109), all of them being transitions. NC = number of change.

FIGURE 2. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 2. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (LM). A–B hermaphrodite; A-tail, B-vulva. C–D female; C-tail, D-vulva with a mucus. E–F male; E-tails with a peloderan bursa, F-spicules and gubernaculum. G–H. exsheathed infective juvenile; G-head with a labial tooth and pharynx with a bacterial pouch, H-tail. Scale bar: A = 100 µm, B = 170 µm, C, E = 55 µm, D = 150 µm, F = 35 µm, G, H = 40 µm.

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships between 12 in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships between 12 species of Heterorhabditis based on analysis of D2D3 rDNA regions. Caenorhabditis elegans and Pellioditis typica were used as outgroups. Bayesian posterior probability values and bootstrap support values from maximum parsimony are given above and below branches respectively.

FIGURE 1. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n in Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China

FIGURE 1. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (drawings). A–D male; A-head with pharynx, B-tail ventrally, C- tail laterally, D-spicules and gubernaculum. E–F hermaphrodite; E tail, F-vulva. G–H female; G-tail, H-vulva. I-K infective juvenile; I-head and pharynx, J-ensheathed specimen, K- exsheated specimen. Scale bar: A, C, I = 90 µm, B = 70 µm, D = 30 µm, E, F = 115 µm, G, H = 110 µm, J = 50 µm, K = 75 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic trees of ITS containing region of Oscheius onirici sp. n. and the closest species. Sequences were analysed using Maximum Likelihood method. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values.

FIGURE 6 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic trees of partial D2-D3 expansion domains of 28S rRNA gene of Oscheius onirici sp. n. and the closest species. Sequences were analysed using Maximum Likelihood method. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values

FIGURE 2 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of Oscheius onirici sp. n. A: Female pharyngeal region; B: Female anterior part of intestine, showing bacteria (bracket); C: Female tail; D: Vulval region, with embryonated eggs in the uterus; E: Ventral view of male tail; F: Lateral view of male tail; G: Male tail showing bursal rays arrangement; H: Female lateral field at midbody; arrowed is a discontinuous fifth line, occasionally visible in some of the specimens; I: Female anterior genital tract showing the spermatheca (bracket). (Scale bars = 10 Μm).

FIGURE 4 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 4. Restriction fragments of amplified ITS containing region of Oscheius onirici sp. n. M:100 bp ladder, B: BamHI, D: DdeI, R: RsaI, Al: AluI, A: Ava II, H: HinfI.

FIGURE 3 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oscheius onirici sp. n. (A, B, C: Juvenile; D, E: Female): A: Entire body; B: Tail; C: Lateral field at mid-body; D, E: Lip region, showing lips with their labial sensilla (D) and amphidial aperture (E, arrowed). (Scale bars: A = 50 Μm; B, C = 5 Μm; D, E = 2 Μm).

FIGURE 7 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic trees of partial 18S rRNA gene of Oscheius onirici sp. n. and the closest species. Sequences were analysed using Maximum Likelihood method. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values.

FIGURE 1 in Oscheius onirici sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an Italian cave

FIGURE 1. Oscheius onirici sp. n. A–C: Entire body of female (A), male (B) and dauer juvenile (C); D: Female pharyngeal region; E: Stoma; F: Male pharyngeal region; G: Female tail region; H, I: Male tail in ventral and lateral view, respectively; J: Morphology of male spicule and gubernaculum; K: Female vulval region.