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986 results for “exchange”
Boosting multiplexing capabilities for error-robust spatial transcriptomic methods using a set exchange approach
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Diurnal thermally driven cross‐shore exchange in steady alongshore currents
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Nitrogen Deposition to an Alberta Bog as Measured with Mixed-bed Ion Exchange Resin Tube Collectors, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). Resin tubes filled with mixed-bed ion exchange resin were swapped in and out at each collection/deployment date (mid-May and mid-October of each year). Upon collection, resins were extracted with 1M KI and analyzed for inorganic N concentrations. Deposition of NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, and DIN averaged 187 ± 11, 237 ± 13, and 426 ± 19 μg m-2 da-1, corresponding to 0.68 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.05, and 1.55 ± 0.07 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with no significant differences between open and throughfall collectors for any of the three measured parameters (p >= 0.63). Deposition of NH4 +-N was significantly higher during the growing season (averaging 240 μg m-2 da-1) than during the winter months (averaging 121 μg m-2 da-1) (p = 0.0004), while NO3 --N and DIN deposition did not differ significantly between winter and summer (p = 0.06 and 0.13, respectively).
Nitrogen Deposition to an Alberta Poor Fen as Measured with Mixed-bed Ion Exchange Resin Tube Collectors, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). Resin tubes filled with mixed-bed ion exchange resin were swapped in and out at each collection/deployment date (mid-May and mid-October of each year). Upon collection, resins were extracted with 1M KI and analyzed for inorganic N concentrations. Over all ion exchange resin tube collection dates, deposition of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and dissolved inorganic N (DIN; NH4+-N + NO3--N) averaged 240 ± 29, 318 ± 27, and 557 ± 41 µg m-2 da-1, values that are equivalent to 0.87 ± 0.10, 1.16 ± 0.10, and 2.03 ± 0.15 kg N ha-1 yr-1. While NH4+-N deposition was higher in the growing season than in non-growing season (p = 0.0006), NO3--N deposition was higher in non-growing season than during the growing season (p = 0.0052), with the net result being no seasonal difference in DIN deposition (p = 0.6428).
Fungal colonization of fine roots and foliar %N, %C, d15N, d13C, and gas exchange of seedlings outplanted at Finger Mountain and the Anaktuvuk River Fire.
This dataset contains proportion of fine root length colonized by root-associated fungi, foliar %N, %C, d15N, d13C, and maximum photosynthesis, respiration, LAI, and CUE for Picea mariana, Picea glauca, Alnus viridis, and Betula neo-alaskana seedlings inoculated with root-associated fungal communities and outplanted at Finger Mountain and the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scars.
Gas exchange, dieback, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content during a greenhouse drought experiment: An evolutionary perspective on functional diversity in co-occuring willow(salix) species
Thirteen willow (Salix) species occur in southeastern Minnesota and often co-occur within the same wetlands. This high local diversity is challenging to explain since closely related species are often functionally similar and density-dependent interactions such as competition and susceptibility to pests and pathogens should limit their co-occurrence. However, if willow species are partitioning resources, or if they are phylogenetically structured so that closely related species rarely co-occur, then the impact of these density-dependent processes could be reduced. In this study, I examined the role of niche partitioning in maintaining local willow diversity by comparing species physiology in a greenhouse.
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity by the summation method CEC, Ca, Mg, K: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Net ecosystem exchange measurements throughout the 2020 growing season across an N fertilization gradient:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Free and exchangeable ammonium in sediments of the Parker River estuary
Comparison of NH4+ freely available in sediment porewater to NH4+ exchangeable from sediments, and the variabilty with porewater salinity as it changes with season and along a transect of the Parker River estuary.
Dataset for "Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland"
<p>Data of measurements and model output of the publication "Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO<sub>2</sub> exchange of a managed temperate grassland". https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-27</p> <p>Data consists of micrometeorological data, COS and CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements for a managed temperate mountain grassland in Austria.</p> <p>For additional information please contact: <a href="mailto:Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at">Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at</a></p> <p>changes in version 2: includes extrapolated COS mixing ratios & includes the ustar filter for the flux data</p> <p>changes in version 3: corrected every instance of mixing ratio with mole fraction </p>
Data and Software accompanying "Slope-aspect induced climate differences influence how water is exchanged between the land and atmosphere", submitted to JGR: Biogeosciences August 2020
<p>This is a collection of all of the data files and python notebooks used in creating the manuscript "Slope-aspect induced climate differences influence how water is exchanged between the land and atmosphere", submitted to JGR: Biogeosciences August 2020. </p>
iSDAsoil: soil effective Cation Exchange Capacity (eCEC) for Africa predicted at 30 m resolution at 0-20 and 20-50 cm depths
<p>iSDAsoil dataset soil effective Cation Exchange Capacity (eCEC) log-transformed predicted at 30 m resolution for 0–20 and 20–50 cm depth intervals. Data has been projected in WGS84 coordinate system and compiled as <a href="https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/cog.html">COG</a>. Predictions have been generated using multi-scale Ensemble Machine Learning with 250 m (MODIS, PROBA-V, climatic variables and similar) and 30 m (DTM derivatives, Landsat, Sentinel-2 and similar) resolution covariates. For model training we use a pan-African compilations of soil samples and profiles (<a href="https://www.isda-africa.com/national-soil-services/">iSDA points</a>, <a href="https://www.isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp">AfSPDB</a>, and other national and regional soil datasets). Cite as:</p> <p>Hengl, T., Miller, M.A.E., Križan, J. <em>et al.</em> African soil properties and nutrients mapped at 30 m spatial resolution using two-scale ensemble machine learning. <em>Sci Rep</em> <strong>11, </strong>6130 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85639-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85639-y</a></p> <p>To open the maps in QGIS and/or directly compute with them, please use the <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/africa-soil-and-agronomy-data-cube"><strong>Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF version</strong></a>.</p> <p>Layer description:</p> <ul> <li>sol_log.ecec.f_tot_mehlich3_m_30m_*..*cm_2001..2017_v0.13_wgs84.tif = predicted soil eCEC mean value,</li> <li>sol_log.ecec.f_mehlich3_md_30m_*..*cm_2001..2017_v0.13_wgs84.tif = predicted soil eCEC model (prediction) errors,</li> </ul> <p>Model errors were derived using bootstrapping: md is derived as standard deviation of individual learners from 5-fold cross-validation (using spatial blocking). The model 5-fold cross-validation (<a href="https://mlr.mlr-org.com/reference/makeStackedLearner.html">mlr::makeStackedLearner</a>) for this variable indicates:</p> <pre><code>Variable: log.ecec.f R-square: 0.754 Fitted values sd: 0.729 RMSE: 0.417 Random forest model: Call: stats::lm(formula = f, data = d) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -3.2877 -0.1888 0.0097 0.2023 3.1494 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 2.807991 1.806781 1.554 0.1202 regr.ranger 1.046105 0.004845 215.911 < 2e-16 *** regr.xgboost -0.016558 0.005912 -2.801 0.0051 ** regr.cubist 0.031843 0.005063 6.289 3.21e-10 *** regr.nnet -1.142820 0.713071 -1.603 0.1090 regr.cvglmnet -0.027630 0.005607 -4.928 8.34e-07 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 Residual standard error: 0.4166 on 66380 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.7538, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7538 F-statistic: 4.065e+04 on 5 and 66380 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 </code></pre> <p>To back-transform values (y) to cmol(+)/kg use the following formula:</p> <pre><code>cmol(+)/kg = expm1( y / 10 )</code></pre> <p>To submit an issue or request support please visit <a href="https://isda-africa.com/isdasoil"><strong>https://isda-africa.com/isdasoil</strong></a></p>
Characterization of photorecruitable Guanine Exchange Factors for the study of Rho GTPases in endothelial cells
<p>Time lapses of respective figures belonging to the report titled "<strong>Characterization of photorecruitable Guanine Exchange Factors for the study of Rho GTPases in endothelial cells"</strong>. This report was written as part of the Msc programe in Biomedical Science of the University of Amsterdam. </p>
Indirect actuation reduces flight power requirements in Manduca sexta via elastic energy exchange
<p>In many insects, wing movements are generated indirectly via exoskeletal deformations. Measurements of inertial and aerodynamic power suggest that elastic recovery of energy between wingstrokes might reduce power requirements of flight. We tested three questions. 1) Can the thorax itself provide significant energy return? 2) Does a simple damped elastic model describe the bulk mechanical behavior? and 3) Are different regions of the thorax specialized for elastic energy exchange? We measured deformation mechanics of the hawkmoth <em>Manduca sexta</em> thorax by recording the force required to sinusoidally deform the thorax over a wide frequency range. Elastic energy storage in the thorax is sufficient to minimize power requirements. However, we find that a structural (frequency-independent) damping model, not a viscoelastic model, best describes the thorax's mechanical properties. We next performed complementary experiments on a structurally damped homogeneous hemisphere. In contrast to the hemispherical shell, we find that mechanical coupling between different regions of the thorax improves energy exchange performance, and that local mechanical properties depend on global strain patterns. Specifically, the scutum region provides energy recovery with low dissipation, while the majority of energy loss occurred in the wing hinge region, highlighting the specificity of thorax regions for flight energetics. </p>
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with type 1 diabetes: findings from prospective real-life T1D exchange registry
<p>Context</p> <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>We prospectively evaluated CVD risk factors in a large, contemporary cohort of adults with type 1 diabetes living in the United States.</p> <p>Design</p> <p>Observational study of CVD and CVD risk factors over a median of 5.3 years.</p> <p>Setting</p> <p>The T1D Exchange clinic network.</p> <p>Patients</p> <p>Adults (age ≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes and without known CVD diagnosed before or at enrollment.</p> <p>Main Outcome Measure</p> <p>Associations between CVD risk factors and incident CVD were assessed by multivariable logistic regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study included 8,727 participants (53% female, 88% non-Hispanic white, median age 33 years [IQR=21, 48], type 1 diabetes duration 16 years [IQR=9, 26]). At enrollment, median HbA1c was 7.6% (66 mmol/mol) [IQR=6.9 (52), 8.6 (70)], 33% used a statin, and 37% used blood pressure medication. Over a mean follow-up of 4.6 years, 325 (3.7%) participants developed incident CVD. Ischemic heart disease was the most common CVD event. Increasing age, BMI, HbA1c, presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia, increasing duration of diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy were associated with increased risk for CVD. There were no significant gender differences in CVD risk.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HbA1c, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy are important risk factors for CVD in adults with type 1 diabetes. A longer follow-up is likely required to assess the impact of other traditional CVD risk factors on incident CVD in the current era.</p>
Data from: Transcriptomic differences between day and night in Acropora millepora provide new insights into metabolite exchange and light-enhanced calcification in corals
The evolutionary success of reef-building corals is often attributed to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, but metabolic interactions between the partners and the molecular bases of light-enhanced calcification (LEC) are not well understood. Here, the metabolic bases of the interaction between the coral Acropora millepora and its dinoflagellate symbiont were investigated by comparing gene expression levels under light and dark conditions at the whole transcriptome level. Among the 497 differentially expressed genes identified, a suite of genes involved in cholesterol transport was found to be upregulated under light conditions, confirming the significance of this compound in the coral symbiosis. Although ion transporters likely to have roles in calcification were not differentially expressed in this study, expression levels of many genes associated with skeletal organic matrix composition and organization were higher in light conditions. This implies that the rate of organic matrix synthesis is one factor limiting calcification at night. Thus, LEC during the day is likely to be a consequence of increases in both matrix synthesis and the supply of precursor molecules as a result of photosynthetic activity.
Data from: Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species
Premise of the study. In plant groups with limited intrinsic barriers to gene flow, it is thought that environmental conditions can modulate interspecific genetic exchange. Oaks are known for limited barriers to gene flow among closely related species. Here, we use Quercus as a living laboratory in which to pursue a fundamental question in plant evolution: do environmental gradients restrict or promote genetic exchange between species? Methods. We focused on two North American oaks, the rare Q. dumosa and the widespread Q. berberidifolia. We sampled intensively along a contact zone in California. We sequenced restriction site associated DNA markers and measured vegetative phenotype. We tested for genetic exchange, the association with climate, and the effect on phenotype. Key results. There is evidence for genetic exchange between the species. Admixed plants are found in areas of intermediate climate, while less admixed plants are found at the extremes of the climatic gradient. Genetic and phenotypic patterns are out of phase in the zone of contact; some plants display the phenotype of one species but are genetically associated with another. Conclusions. Our results support the hypothesis that a strong climatic gradient can promote genetic exchange between species. The overall weak correlation between genotype and phenotype in the contact zone between the species suggests that genetic exchange can lead to the breakdown of trait combinations used to define species. This incongruency predicts ongoing problems for conservation of Q. dumosa, with implications for conservation of other oaks. Please be aware that if you ask to have your user record removed, we will retain your name in the records concerning manuscripts for which you were an author, reviewer, or editor. In compliance with data protection regulations, you may request that we remove your personal registration details at any time. (Use the following URL: https://www.editorialmanager.com/ajb/login.asp?a=r) Please contact the publication office if you have any questions.
The SOPRAN Aeolotron November 2014 Seawater Gas Exchange Experiment
<p>The video reports on the first air-sea gas exchange measurements with seawater from the Atlantic Ocean in the Aeolotron, including the effects of the natural surface micro layer and bubbles. In addition, aerosols were sampled with different techniques to investigate to what extent organic material from the sea surface micro layer (SML) is carried into aerosol. The experiments will also be essential for the provide further experimental data for the new SOPRAN air-sea gas transfer model with conditions, where data are not yet available. The project is funded within the SOPRAN project by the BMBF as the German part of the SOLAS initiative.</p> <p>The participating groups were J. Williams, MPI for Chemistry, Mainz (PTR-MS measurements of gas concentrations in air and water), A. Engel, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (SML measurements), M. van Pinxteren, TROPOS (aerosol measurements), and B. Jähne, U. Heidelberg (MIMS and FTIR gas exchange measurements, active and passive thermography, and all environmental parameters including wave slope imaging). External groups include O. Wurl, ICBM (CO2 gas exchange and SML measurements), B. Schneider, IOW (CO2 measurements), and foreign groups from England (J. Najera, U. Manchester) and France (B. D'Anna, CNRS, lab IRCELYON). The latter two groups supported the aerosol measurements. The experiment took place in November 2014. On September 23, twenty tonnes of Atlantic seawater, sampled from the Northern Atlantic Ocean on board of the research vessel POSEIDON and reloaded to a road tanker at GEOMAR, arrived in Heidelberg and were filled into the storage tanks in the basement of the building, where the Aeolotron is located.</p>
Replication Code in R for "Do Insurers Compete on the Federal Heath Insurance Exchange
<p>R code for univariate and multivariate analyses to model premiums based on the number of insurers in geographic rating areas.</p>
Dataset from Reese et al.: "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" - PART 1
<p>Model data from the numerical setup of the tidal Elbe presented in Reese et al. (2023): "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" [1]</p><p>PART 1</p><p>Each file contains data for a full month, as given through the file naming convention: description.YYYYMMDD.nc4</p><p>The numerical model uses terrain-following sigma coordniates, with sigma level 0 being the bottommost layer.</p><p>Certain variables are also given in salinity class bins of dimension salt_s instead of vertical coordinates.</p><p>Explanation of each data type:</p><ul><li> 2D_elv_all: Spatially resolved simulated surface elevation from 08/2012 to 12/2013: Tidal analysis Fig. 4, Table 1 (simulated surface elevation vs. time)<ul><li>5 min snapshots</li></ul></li><li>Elbe_dia_getm_all: Diahaline analysis Fig. 8, 11: on-line GETM computation of u_dia,z^S in September 2012 and June 2013<ul><li>44700s temporal resolution (M2 tidal period); averaged over each period</li></ul></li><li>Elbe_TEF_mean_all: Total Exchange Flow analysis in September 2012 and June 2013, Fig.s 7, 8<ul><li>1-hourly averages</li></ul></li><li>Mixing_mean_all: Physical and numerical Mixing from 08/2012 to 12/2013. Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11<ul><li>44700s temporal resolution (M2 tidal period); averaged over each period</li></ul></li><li>ST_stations: Surface elevation at given location for comparison with observational data at named station from 08/2012 to 12/2013<ul><li>5 min snapshots</li></ul></li><li>SST_stations: Salinity and temperature at given location for comparison with observational data at named station from 08/2012 to 12/2013; Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Table 2<ul><li>30-min snapshots</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p><p>[1] L. Reese, U. Graewe, K. Klingbeil, X. Li, M. Lorenz, H. Burchard, 2023:</p><p> Local mixing determines spatial structure of diahaline exchange flow in a</p><p> mesotidal estuary – a study of extreme runoff conditions.</p><p> J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.