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240 results for “gall-inducer”
FIGURE 13 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 13. Cissococcus braini Hodgson & Millar, sp. n. adult female. The true dorsum is restricted to the anal plates and the sclerotised area surrounding the anal plates. Thus the greatly expanded venter comprises most of the main figure. Lettering as for Figure 4 except X = side view showing how dorsum becomes ⊃-shaped.
FIGURE 12. Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell, adult male. A in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 12. Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell, adult male. A = reticulations on gena; B = reticulations on ocular sclerite; C = cranial apophysis; D = apical antennal segment; E = distal end of metathoracic leg; G = dorsal view of penial sheath, H = ventral view of penial sheath. Also: aas = ante-anal setae; ab = antennal bristle; ads = dorsal abdominal setae; aed = aedeagus; als = alar setae; an = anus; as = abdominal sternite VIII; at = abdominal tergite VIII; avs = ventral abdominal setae; bma = basal membranous area; bra = basal rod of aedeagus; c = claw; caps = capitate setae; cd = claw denticle; cdt = claw digitule; cx = coxa; dhs = dorsal head setae; dpls = dorsal pleural setae; dse = dorsal simple eye; epm3 = metepimeron; eps2 = mesepisternum; f = furca; fem = femora; fs = fleshy seta; g = gena; gls = glandular pouch setae; gp = glandular pouch; gpp = glandular pouch pores; gts = penial sheath setae; gtp = penial sheath pores; h = hamulus; ham = hamulohaltere; lpl = lateropleurite; mc = median crest; mdr = median ridge; mr = marginal ridge; mts = metatergal setae; o = ocellus; ocs = ocular sclerite; pa = postalare; pcr2 = precoxal ridge of mesothorax; pdc = pedicel; pepcv = proepisternum + cervical sclerite; plr3 = metapleural ridge; pmss = posterior metasternal setae; pn2 = mesopostnotum; pn3 = metapostnotum; pocr = postocular ridge; prn = lateral pronotal sclerite; prnr = pronotal ridge; procr = preocular ridge; prsc = prescutum; ps = penial sheath; pscr = prescutal ridge; pscs = prescutal sclerite; s = spur-like seta; scl = scutellum; scp = scape; sct = scutum; ser = subepisternal ridge; sma = membranous area of scutum; sp2 = anterior spiracle; sp3 = posterior spiracle; stn1 = prosternum; stn2 = basisternum (mesosternum); ta = tarsus; tdt = tarsal digitules; teg = tegular; tegs = tegular setae; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter; vhs = ventral head setae; vmcr = ventral midcranial ridge; vmcrs = ventral midcranial ridge setae, and vpls = ventral pleural setae.
FIGURE 10 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 10. Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell, prepupa. Where ads = dorsal abdominal setae; an = anus; avs = ventral abdominal setae; dhs = dorsal head setae; dpls = dorsal pleural setae; ps = penial sheath; spds = spiracular disc-pores; vhs = ventral head setae; vpls = ventral pleural setae, and wb = wingbud.
FIGURE 9 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 9. Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell, first-instar nymph (sex unknown). Lettering as for Figure 4 except T = tibia, tarsus + claw.
FIGURE 6 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 6. Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell, young second-instar female. Lettering as for Figure 4 except that X = shape and limb distribution on older specimen.
FIGURE 4 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 4 Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell, adult female. The greatly expanded venter comprises most of the main figure. Unless otherwise stated, on this and the following figures: A = section of dorsum showing fissures; B = dorsal seta; C = dorsal pore; D = dorsal cone-shaped secretory spine; E = dorsal tubular duct; F = dorsal view of anal plate; G = ventral view of anal area; H = dermal nodulations; J = marginal spinose seta; K = stigmatic spine; L = ventral multilocular pore; M = ventral seta from medially on surface of lower venter; N = ventral seta from more lateral areas of upper surface of venter; O = preantennal pore; P = ventral microduct; Q = antenna; R = ventral tubular duct; S = spiracle; T = tarsus plus claw; V = spiracular disc-pores; X = dorsal view of venter of old specimen showing enlarged apodemes.
FIGURE 3 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Map of Republic of South Africa, showing distribution of Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell and C. braini Hodgson & Millar sp. n., where Ο = collection localities of C. fulleri, ● = those for C. braini and * = approximate site where original material of C. fulleri was collected. Crosshatching shows distribution of the host plants Rhoicissus tridentata (/////) and R. digitata (\\\\\). (Data on plant distribution taken from Coates Palgrave, 2002.)
FIGURE 1 in Cissococcus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), a unique gall-inducing soft scale genus on Vitaceae from South Africa, with description of a new species
FIGURE 1. Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell on Rhoicissus tridentata, East London: A, galls of adult females on main twig and immature females on twig leading to leaf; B, two galls of adult females with the one on right cut open to reveal the anal area and stigmatic wax of a female, and one on left showing gall apex (in middle of gall); C, gall cut open to show middle venter of adult female; D, first- and second-instar male nymphs on the underside of a leaf; E, close-up of two second-instar male nymphs (note glassy-wax tubes emanating from cone-shaped pores on dorsum); F, an adult male recently emerged from one of the cocoon-like tests underneath him; G, adult male a few hours after eclosion. Galls of young adult females of Cissococcus braini Hodgson & Millar sp. n. on Rhoicissus digitata: H, immature gall viewed from side with large orifice visible, at Boesmanriviermond; I, same gall as in H viewed from top, with atrium below orifice visible; J, mature gall at Gxulu River (Photos by PJG).
FIGS 11, 12 in First-instar morphology and sexual dimorphism in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha RuÈbsaamen (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae)
FIGS 11, 12. Pegs on antennal segment III of crawlers of Apiomorpha munita tereticornuta. (11) Male. (12) Female.
FIGS 1 in First-instar morphology and sexual dimorphism in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha RuÈbsaamen (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae)
FIGS 1±8. (1) Female crawler of Apiomorpha munita tereticornuta. (2) Winged marginal setae of a crawler of A. sp. nov. 1. (3) Simple pore on the dorsum of a male crawler of A. spinifer. (4) Minute pore on the dorsum of a male crawler of A. spinifer. (5) Oval structure lateral to the hind coxa on the venter of a crawler of A. helmsii. (6) The trilobed frontal tubercle of a crawler of A. strombylosa: there is some short curled wax adjacent to the tubercle. (7) Arrow head indicates the position of a small pore near the base of a long peg on the antenna of a male crawler of A. spinifer. (8) Thread-like wax covering the lateral and inner margins of the anal-ring setae of A. sp. nov. 1.
Figure 3 from: Pujade-Villar J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Mata-Casanova N, Lobato-Vila I, Dénes A-L, László Z (2020) A new Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Diplolepidini) species from China: a rare example of a rose gall-inducer of economic significance. ZooKeys 904: 131-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46547
Figure 3 Distribution of the 11 species of Diplolepis of the Palearctic; in yellow, the species distributed exclusively in the Eastern Palearctic. Palaearctic map obtained from https://www.google.com/maps/@57.7164944,49.0396796,9792440m/data=!3m1!1e3. The inset image pointing out in red the Gansu Province (and thus the collecting location) was obtained from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gansu.
Figure 4 from: Pujade-Villar J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Mata-Casanova N, Lobato-Vila I, Dénes A-L, László Z (2020) A new Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Diplolepidini) species from China: a rare example of a rose gall-inducer of economic significance. ZooKeys 904: 131-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46547
Figure 4 a forewing of D. flaviabdomenisb forewing of D. hunanensisc forewing of D. minoriabdomenis, and d forewing of D. nr japonicae head in frontal view of D. nr japonica (reused from Wang et al. 2013) f head in dorsal view of D. nr japonica (reused from Wang et al. 2013) g head in frontal view of D. hunanensish lateral mesosoma of D. minoriabdomenisi mesoscutum of D. nr japonica.
Figure 5 from: Pujade-Villar J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Mata-Casanova N, Lobato-Vila I, Dénes A-L, László Z (2020) A new Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Diplolepidini) species from China: a rare example of a rose gall-inducer of economic significance. ZooKeys 904: 131-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46547
Figure 5 Bayesian inference (BI) tree of the Diplolepis species that have available mitochondrial COI sequences. Numbers on the branches represent posterior probabilities (PP).
Figure 2 from: Pujade-Villar J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Mata-Casanova N, Lobato-Vila I, Dénes A-L, László Z (2020) A new Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Diplolepidini) species from China: a rare example of a rose gall-inducer of economic significance. ZooKeys 904: 131-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46547
Figure 2 Diplolepis abei Pujade-Villar & Wang ♀ sp. nov. a–b galls c dissected gall with last instar larva d forewing e lateral and ventral view of the 3rd instar larva f lateral and ventral view of the last instar larva g lateral habitus.
Figure 1 from: Pujade-Villar J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Mata-Casanova N, Lobato-Vila I, Dénes A-L, László Z (2020) A new Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Diplolepidini) species from China: a rare example of a rose gall-inducer of economic significance. ZooKeys 904: 131-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46547
Figure 1 Diplolepis abei Pujade-Villar & Wang ♀ sp. nov. a head in frontal view b genae in dorsal view c antenna d mesosoma in lateral view e mesosoma in dorsal view f mesosoma in dorso-lateral view g propodeum h metasoma in lateral view.
Variation in community structure of gall-inducing insects associated with a tropical plant supports the hypothesis of competition in stressful habitats
Environmental factors act as drivers of species coexistence or competition. Mesic environments favor the action of parasites and predators on gall communities, while the factors that determine the structure of gall communities in xeric environments remain unknown. We evaluated the structure of gall communities along an environmental gradient defined by intrinsic plant characteristics, soil fertility and aridity, and investigated the role of competition as a structuring force of gall communities in xeric environments. We created null models to compare observed and simulated patterns of co-occurrence of galls and used the C-score index to assess community aggregation or segregation. We used the NES C-score (standardized C-score) to compare patterns of co-occurrence with parameters of environmental quality. Xeric environments had poorer and more arid soils and more-sclerophyllous plants than mesic environments, which was reflected in the distribution patterns of gall communities. Values of the C-score index revealed a segregated distribution of gall morphospecies in xeric environments, but a random distribution in mesic environments. The low availability of resources for oviposition and the high density of gallers in xeric environments reinforce interspecific competition as an important structuring force for gall communities in these environments.
FIGURE 1 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 1. Ametallon carinatum sp. n., female: a) antenna lateral, b) forewing, c) thorax lateral.
FIGURE 5 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 5. Chrysonotomyia unimaculata sp. n.: a) male antenna, b) female antenna, c) male digitus.
FIGURE 7 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 7. Chrysonotomyia claviger sp. n.: a) female habitus, b) female gaster.
FIGURE 6 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 6. Chrysonotomyia claviger sp. n.: a) antenna lateral, b) forewing.
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