Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
251
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
251 results for “herbicides”
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Triticum aestivum in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Triticum aestivum measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Trifolium pratense in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Trifolium pratense measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Trifolium repens in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Trifolium repens measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Veronica arvensis in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Veronica arvensis measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Veronica peregrina in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Veronica peregrina measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Vicia villosa in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Vicia villosa measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of aboveground net primary productivity in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 3, organic-based low chemical input (banded herbicide, starter N), winter leguminous crop, annual tillage and post-planting cultivation, study of plant species richness in units of numberPerMeterSquared on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains plant species richness measurements in numberPerMeterSquared units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Herbicide, fertilization, and planting density effects on intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
<p><span><span>Production forestry in the southeast US has been partially transitioned to intensively managed short rotations (~10 years), in which multiple silvicultural interventions are performed during forest development. Understanding the responses to silvicultural practices and continued refinement of site-specific recommendations is critical to sustainably maximize forest production. We evaluated the effects of silvicultural practices (herbicide, fertilization, and planting density) on growth, stand homogeneity, and above- and belowground biomass accumulation and partitioning of loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) throughout early stand development (age 5 years) in the southeastern US. Five treatments with eight replications each were tested: no herbicide and no fertilization (<i>C</i>); herbicide only (<i>H</i>); herbicide and half-reduced fertilization rate (<i>R</i>); herbicide and full fertilization (<i>F</i>); and increased stand density (60+ %; 1346 <i>vs.</i> 2152 trees per hectare) with herbicide and full fertilization rate (<i>D</i>). Allometric equations generated from destructive harvests were applied to annual diameter measurements to estimate plot-level biomass and allocation. Herbicide was crucial to promote stand uniformity and increase yield (~600+ % stem biomass compared with <i>C</i> at age 5). Aboveground biomass was similar in <i>R</i> and <i>F</i> treatments, which was, on average, ~25% higher than in <i>H</i> at age 5. Increasing planting density along with multiple herbicide and fertilizer applications yielded higher biomass without compromising individual tree size (diameter and height). There was little effect of silviculture practices on allocation patterns. Our results parallel what was found for fertilization with herbicide from a number of loblolly stands under similar conditions and indicate a ~28% volume gain with fertilization during early stand development. Similarly, our results were consistent with other studies implementing similar differences in planting density and suggest a ~26% volume gain through early stand development with an initial 60% increase in planting density. Our study helps to understand complex relationships between production and silvicultural practices during early stand development and demonstrates that silvicultural prescriptions can be optimized to increase sustainability of production forestry.</span></span></p>
Data from: Comparing biocontrol and herbicide for managing an invasive non-native plant species: efficacy, non-target effects and secondary invasion
<p>1. Globally, invasive non-native plants are an increasing threat to indigenous biodiversity and ecosystems, but management can be compromised by poor efficacy of control methods, harmful non-target effects or secondary invasions by other non-native plant species.</p> <p>2. A 5-year field trial compared two stakeholder-selected control methods for heather, a European plant invading native ecosystems in and adjoining Tongariro National Park in New Zealand. The control methods were a selective herbicide (Pasture Kleen®; 2,4-D ester) and biocontrol with an introduced beetle Lochmaea suturalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).</p> <p>3. Biocontrol reduced mean heather cover by 97%, slightly more than herbicide at 87%, compared with a 20% increase in heather under no management.</p> <p>4. Cover of native dicots, the most species-rich plant group, increased following biocontrol. In contrast, herbicide application had major non-target effects on native dicots, reducing their percentage cover and species richness. Native monocot cover and species richness increased following both herbicide and biocontrol treatments.</p> <p>5. A similar 8-fold increase in non-native monocots occurred following both biocontrol and herbicide treatments. Overall, secondary invasion was greatest with biocontrol because non-native dicot cover also increased, whereas herbicide almost eliminated non-native dicots. 6. Synthesis and applications. Biocontrol and herbicide treatments both controlled heather but herbicide application was associated with severe non-target impacts on native dicots. Benefits to the native flora were consequently greatest in the biocontrol treatment, despite greater secondary invasion. Control strategies for management of widespread non-native plants to optimize ecosystem outcomes should include more consideration of biocontrol.</p>
Data for: Risk in the circular food economy: Glyphosate-based herbicide residues in manure fertilizers decrease crop yield
<p>Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides globally. They were launched as a safe solution for weed control, but recently, an increasing number of studies have shown the existence of GBH residues and highlighted the associated risks they pose throughout ecosystems. Conventional agricultural practices often include the use of GBHs, and the use of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified crops is largely based on the application of glyphosate, which increases the likelihood of its residues ending up in animal feed. These residues persist throughout the digestive process of production animals and accumulate in their excretion products. The poultry industry, in particular, is rapidly growing, and excreted products are used as plant fertilizers in line with circular food economy practices. We studied the potential effects of unintentional glyphosate contamination on an agronomically important forage grass, meadow fescue (<i>Festuca pratensis</i>) and a horticulturally important strawberry (<i>Fragaria x vescana</i>) using glyphosate residues containing poultry manure as a plant fertilizer in a common garden experiment. Glyphosate in the manure decreased plant growth in both species and vegetative reproduction in <i>F. x vescana</i>. Furthermore, our results indicate that glyphosate residues in organic fertilizers might have indirect effects on sexual reproduction in <i>F. pratensis</i> and herbivory in <i>F. x vescana</i> because they positively correlate with plant size. Our results highlight that glyphosate can be unintentionally spread via organic fertilizer, counteracting its ability to promote plant growth.</p>
Herbicide effects on the establishment of a native bunchgrass in annual grass invaded areas: Indaziflam vs. imazapic
<p>Annual grass invasion is transforming the western US and driving a need for restoration techniques that can both reduce exotic annual grass abundance and allow revegetation of native species. Pre-emergent herbicides can provide control of annual grasses, but when applied concurrently with direct seeding efforts, the herbicide can also impact seeded species. Indaziflam is a relatively new herbicide that may provide extended control of exotic annual grasses, but little is known about its effects when applied at the time of seeding. </p> <p>In this study, we compared indaziflam to imazapic, a popular herbicide used in restoration efforts, to understand how indaziflam affects plant establishment of a native species, bluebunch wheatgrass Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve. We created furrows on half our treatments to limit herbicide concentrations and potentially create a safe-site for seeding bluebunch wheatgrass. </p> <p>During the two-year study, indaziflam provided consistent control of the annual weed, downy brome Bromus tectorum L., whereas imazapic control decreased sharply with time. Indaziflam and imazapic decreased bluebunch wheatgrass seedling emergence by 96 and 46%, and two-year plant density by 91 and 65%, respectively, compared to non-herbicide treatments. Both herbicides reduced aboveground biomass of bluebunch wheatgrass by over 85% two years after seeding/herbicide application. </p> <p>Furrow treatments mitigated imazapic effect on bluebunch wheatgrass, but did not limit the impacts by indaziflam. </p> <p>Herbicide can be used in conjunction with direct seeding efforts, but mitigation of the effects to native seeds will depend on herbicide specifics such as mode of action and soil mobility. </p>
Data from: Genetic diversity and structure of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum in California vineyards and orchards indicates potential for spread of herbicide resistance via gene flow
Management of agroecosystems with herbicides imposes strong selection pressures on weedy plants leading to the evolution of resistance against those herbicides. Resistance to glyphosate in populations of Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum is increasingly common in California, USA, causing economic losses and the loss of effective management tools. To gain insights into the recent evolution of glyphosate resistance in L. perenne in perennial cropping systems of northwest California and to inform management, we investigated the frequency of glyphosate resistance and the genetic diversity and structure of 14 populations. The sampled populations contained frequencies of resistant plants ranging from 10% to 89%. Analyses of neutral genetic variation using microsatellite markers indicated very high genetic diversity within all populations regardless of resistance frequency. Genetic variation was distributed predominantly among individuals within populations rather than among populations or sampled counties, as would be expected for a wide-ranging outcrossing weed species. Bayesian clustering analysis provided evidence of population structuring with extensive admixture between two genetic clusters or gene pools. High genetic diversity and admixture, and low differentiation between populations, strongly suggests the potential for spread of resistance through gene flow and the need for management that limits seed and pollen dispersal in L. perenne.
Female preference and adverse developmental effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on ecologically relevant traits in Japanese quail
<p>Controversial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides globally. An increasing number of studies have identified GBH residues in soil, water and even human food that may expose non-target organism including wildlife, livestock, and humans to health risks. After a heated debate, European Union allowed the use of GBHs to continue until 2022, after which their risks will be re-evaluated. Thus, decision makers urgently need scientific evidence on GBH residues and their possible effects on ecosystems. An important, yet neglected, aspect is to assess whether animals show preference or avoidance for GBH contaminated food, as it can influence the likelihood of adverse health effects in wildlife. Here, using Japanese quails (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) as our model, we show that females preferred GBH-contaminated food compared to control food. In females, exposure to GBHs caused delayed plumage development, and GBH residues were present in eggs, muscles and liver. These results indicate that female preference is not adaptive, potentially exposing non-target animals to greater risk of adverse effects of GBHs in natural and agricultural environments. Our results on tissue residues suggest that further studies are needed to understand the risks of such residues in the food chain.</p>
Genomic characterisation and dissection of the onset of resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides in a large collection of Digitaria insularis from Brazil
<p>An in-depth genotypic characterisation of a diverse collection of <em>Digitaria insularis</em> was undertaken to explore the neutral genetic variation across the natural expansion range of this weed species in Brazil. With the exception of Minas Gerais, populations from all other states showed high estimates of expected heterozygosity (H<sub>E</sub> > 0.60) and genetic diversity. There was a lack of population structure based on geographic origin and a low population differentiation between populations across the landscape as evidenced by an average Fst value of 0.02. On combining haloxyfop [acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide] efficacy data with neutral genetic variation, we found evidence of the presence of two scenarios of resistance evolution in this weed species. Whilst populations originating from north-eastern region demonstrated an active role of gene flow, populations from the mid-western region displayed multiple, independent resistance evolution as the major evolutionary mechanism. A target-site mutation (Trp2027Cys) in the ACCase gene, observed in less than 1% of resistant populations, could not explain the reduced sensitivity of 15% of the populations to haloxyfop. The genetic architecture of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was dissected using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. GWAS revealed the association of three SNPs with reduced sensitivity to haloxyfop and clethodim. <em>In silico</em> analysis of these SNPs revealed important non-target site genes belonging to families involved in herbicide detoxification, including UDPGT91C1 and GT2, and genes involved in the vacuolar sequestration-based degradation pathway. Exploration of five genomic prediction models revealed that the highest prediction power (≥ 0.80) was achieved with the models Bayes A and RKHS, incorporating SNPs with additive effects and epistatic interactions, respectively.</p>
In-depth comparative toxicogenomics of glyphosate and Roundup herbicides: Histopathology, transcriptome and epigenome signatures, and DNA damage
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Whether or not glyphosate activates cellular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis remains controversial. We tested whether glyphosate and three glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations activate mechanisms known to be key characteristics of carcinogens. The mammalian stem cell-based genotoxicity ToxTracker assay showed that the representative EU formulation Roundup MON 52276 and the UK formulation Roundup MON 76473, but not glyphosate and the US Roundup formulation MON 76207, activated oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses. High-throughput molecular profiling of liver function was performed in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to glyphosate or MON 52276 (both at 0.5, 50, 175 mg/kg bw/day glyphosate equivalent concentration) for 90 days. Histopathology and serum biochemistry analysis showed that MON 52276 but not glyphosate treatment increased hepatic steatosis and necrosis. MON 52276 and glyphosate altered the expression of genes in liver reflecting TP53 activation by DNA damage and the regulation of circadian rhythms. The most affected genes in liver also had their expression similarly altered in kidneys. Small RNA profiling in liver showed miR-22 and miR-17 had their levels decreased by MON 52276, while mir-30 levels were decreased, whilst miR-10 levels were increased by glyphosate. DNA methylation profiling of liver revealed 5,727 and 4,496 differentially methylated CpG sites between the control and glyphosate and MON 52276 exposed groups of animals respectively. Direct DNA damage measurement by apurinic/apyrimidinic lesion formation in liver was increased with glyphosate exposure. Altogether, our results show that Roundup herbicide formulations are causing more biological changes than glyphosate alone, activating mechanisms involved in cellular carcinogenesis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Inter and intra species competition between blackgrass-wheat in relation to herbicide-resistance and environmental conditions of Poland
<p>Two parameters, namely fresh plants' biomass and the number of seeds per plant, were measured for both winter wheat W and blackgrass B. The blackgrass competitive ratio (BCR) was calculated for the mixtures of susceptible blackgrass (BS) with resistant blackgrass (BR), representing the comparative growth based on plants' fresh biomass (BCRb) and the number of grains (BCRgn). The competitive ratio between wheat and blackgrass WBCR was calculated separately for the mixtures of W and BS, and W and BR. BCR and WBCR were calculated according to the formula described by Hoffman and Buller. The analysis was performed for the replacement series experiment, where RY<sub>W</sub> – relative yield of the W; RY<sub>B</sub> – relative yield of the B; p – the proportion of species; W<sub>mix</sub> – a value of the W parameter analyzed for the mixture; W<sub>mon</sub> – a value of the W parameter analyzed for the monoculture; B<sub>mix</sub> – a value of the B parameter analyzed for the mixture; B<sub>mon</sub> – a value of the B parameter analyzed for the monoculture; TRY – total relative yield. The RY values were measured for both W and B, and were averaged for single plant.</p> <p><strong>Statistical analysis</strong></p> <p>The biomass and grain yield or seed number, calculated into RY and TRY, were presented as graphs and fitted into one of the five competition models according to Radosevich [66]. The most explanatory models were determined by using the χ<sup>2</sup> goodness-of-fit giving the best fit for all tested sites and biotypes. If the RY is a straight line, it denotes no competition; a convex line shows a benefit to species; a concave line represents a loss to species. If the TRY equals 1 (straight line), there is a competition for the same resources between both species/biotypes. If the TRY is greater than 1 (convex), there is no competition since the demand does not exceed the resources. If TRY is less than 1 (concave), an antagonism resulting in a mutual loss to species involved becomes apparent. ANOVA of two models was performed, i.e. the two-way model for the year × site of plants to calculate the BCRgn and BCRb in R/S blackgrass and and three-way model for the year × site × biotype to calculate the WBCRgn and WBCRb in wheat/blackgrass. Data of indexes were <em>sqrt</em> transformed to the normal distribution. The post-hoc HSD Tukey test was used for the means separation. The r-Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for relations between BCRgn / WBCRgn and BCRb /WBCRb, the relations between hydrothermal K coefficient and BCRgn /WBCRgn and BCRb / WBCRb and the relations between sand [%] and BCRgn /WBCRgn and BCRb / WBCRb. The exploration technique of the main components PCA (principle component analysis) has been used to explain the multidimensional diversity of W and environmental variables in terms of the first two components. Five biometrical parameters of W, i.e. mean length and fresh biomass of plant, number of seeds per plant, the yield of seeds per plant, and the TGW (1000 grain weight), and four environmental parameters, i.e. hydrothermal coefficient K and soil texture were analyzed using the PCA and CA (<em>k</em>-means procedure).</p> <p>The calculations were performed in the STATISTICA 13.0 program (TIBCO Software Inc).</p>
Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed Alopecurus myosuroides
<p>This dataset contains data from two-part greenhouse experiments described in the paper: "Vian H. Mohammad, Colin P. Osborne & Robert P. Freckleton (2022) Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i>". </p> <p>Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds poses a threat to food security. Resistance evolves rapidly through the co-option of a suite of physiological mechanisms that evolved to allow plants to survive environmental stress. Consequently, we hypothesize that stress tolerance and herbicide resistance are functionally linked. We address two questions: (i) does exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring? (ii) Is such evolution mediated through non-genetic mechanisms? We exposed individuals of a grass weed to drought and tested whether this resulted in herbicide resistance in the first generation (F1).</p> <p>In the first experiment ("Exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring"), the effect of three levels of drought ("none, medium and high") is studied in five different nive populations of black-grass. Plant height, above ground biomass and seed weight were measured to estimate the influence of drought treatments on the phenotype. In addition, surviving and dead plants were assessed to evaluate the tolerance of <i>A.</i> <i>myosuroides</i> to drought stress. The drought treatments were initiated 30 days after emergence. In the h<span>erbicide assay experiment, </span>the seedlings of F1 of all populations were sprayed with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl herbicide (as "Puma Super" – 69 g a.i. L<sup>−1</sup>, Bayer Crop Science) using two different doses, a lethal dose (40 g a.i. h<sup>−1</sup>) and sub-lethal dose (20 g a.i. h<sup>−1</sup>). 28 days after herbicide application, dead and damaged plants were assessed. Surviving plants were categorised in two ways to account for the differential outcomes of exposure to herbicide: plants were categorised as 'surviving' if they showed no visible effects of herbicide exposure, or 'damaged' if they survived but with obvious effects on above ground tissues.</p> <p>In the second experiment ("<span>The role of non-genetic inheritance"), the effect of </span>two levels of drought ("none and high") is studied in 15 different populations of cloned black-grass plants. Each plant was divided into two clones. Plants were cloned to produce two identical seedlings for the investigation of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in herbicide resistance evolution. After 14 days t<span>he cloned plants were re-potted and allowed to establish for one week before initiating a drought stress treatment. One set of the cloned plants was exposed to drought and the second set was grown under well-watered conditions. </span>Plant height, above ground biomass and seed weight were measured, in addition to the number of surviving and dead plants. The herbicide assay was carried out using the five populations that possessed a high rate of viability and germination rate in both treatments ("none" and "high" drought). At the 3-4 leaves stage in September 2018, the seedlings were sprayed with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide ("Puma Super" – 69 g a.i. L<sup>−1</sup>, Bayer Crop Science) using two different doses as previously described. 28 days after herbicide application (October 2018) dead and damaged plants were assessed as described above.</p> <p>In terms of both survival and dry mass, we find enhanced resistance to herbicide in the F1 plants when the parents had been exposed to drought. Our results suggest that exposure of weeds to drought can confer herbicide resistance in subsequent generations and that the mechanism conferring heritability of herbicide resistance may be non-genetic.</p>
Supplementary data for "Novel mutation/s in the conserved region of EPSPS imparts herbicide resistance in pigeonpea"
<p><strong>Figure S1. </strong>The picture represents the binding positions of different ligands in the binding pocket of w-CcEPSPS. A. GPJ B. PEP, C. S3P, D. PEP, and S3P together, and E. GPJ and PEP together. The structural diagram and the ligand interaction clearly shows the ligand’s individual binding site in A, B, and C and the binding of the two substrates ie., PEP and S3P in the same catalytic pocket with different binding site whereas PEP and GPJ share the same binding site in the catalytic site of CcEPSPS enzyme in the E. GPJ; Glyphosate, PEP; Phosphoenol pyruvate, S3P; Shikimate-3-phosphate.</p> <p><strong>Figure S2. </strong>Ramachandran plot representing the CcEPSPS protein structure, with each residue, plotted with their respective coordinates ie., phi and psi angles. The density of the points suggests the most prevalent secondary structure and CcEPSPS show dense right-handed ɑ helices followed by 𝛽 sheet secondary structure. The points lying in between the favorable region are defined as secondary structure areas for random coils.</p> <p><strong>Figure S3. </strong>Domain search based on Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) (http://smart.embl.de/) revealed that the EPSPS proteins from A. pigeonpea, B. <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>and C. <em>Colwellia psychrerythraea </em>contain basic EPSP synthase domain. The Interaction network developed utilizing the STRING protein-protein database (https://string-db.org/) for D. pigeonpea, E. <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>and F. <em>Colwellia psychrerythraea </em>EPSPS proteins revealed the metabolically important EPSPS enzyme.</p> <p> </p>
Biomass data to accompany Inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium and linked fitness cost loci associated with selection for herbicide resistance
<ul> <li>The adaptation of weeds to herbicide is both a significant problem in agriculture and a model of rapid adaptation. However, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of resistance controlled by many loci and the evolutionary factors that influence the maintenance of resistance.</li> <li>Here, using herbicide-resistant populations of the common morning glory (<em>Ipomoea</em> <em>purpurea</em>), we perform a multi-level analysis of the genome and transcriptome to uncover putative loci involved in nontarget-site herbicide resistance (NTSR) and to examine evolutionary forces underlying the maintenance of resistance in natural populations.</li> <li>We found loci involved in herbicide detoxification and stress sensing to be under selection and confirmed that detoxification is responsible for glyphosate resistance using a functional assay. We identified interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium (ILD) among loci under selection reflecting either historical processes or additive effects leading to the resistance phenotype. We further identified potential fitness cost loci that were strongly linked to resistance alleles, indicating the role of genetic hitchhiking in maintaining the cost.</li> <li>Overall, our work suggests that NTSR glyphosate resistance in<em> I. purpurea</em> is conferred by multiple genes which are potentially maintained through generations <em>via</em> ILD and that the fitness cost associated with resistance in this species is likely a by-product of genetic-hitchhiking.</li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.