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FIGURE 5 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 5. Factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) of seeds characters and hierarchical clustering on its principal components (HCPC). Distribution of the quantitative variables (a). Distribution of the qualitative variables (b); 2-4rows—number of rows in crest; 1- 2chambers—number of hilum chambers; marginal/middle—hilum location; brown/black—colour of seed; present/lack—waxes in hilum chambers; matt/shiny—surface type. Variation of elevation variable (c). Variation of habitat variable (numbers correspond to NATURA 2000 codes) (d). Five clusters of species identified by Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) (e). ALP—H. alpestre; MAC—H. macranthum; RET—H. retzdorffianum; NIC—H. nikolicii; OLI—H. oliverae; PUS—H. pusillum subsp. pusillum; ALB—H. pusillum subsp. albanicum; MARK—H. pusillum subsp. markgrafii; MON—H. pusillum subsp. monachorum; CAN—H. pusillum var. candavicum; CHROM—H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum.

FIGURE 4 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 4. Seed microstructure in Heliosperma spp. a0–a3 and b0–b3 general seed view, c0–c3 view of cells near crest (dorsal view), d0–d3 view of the cells near the hilum (ventral view), e0–e3—view of the hilum. a0–e0—H. macranthum, a1–e1—H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum, a2–e2—H. retzdorffianum, a3–e3—H. pusillum ssp. markgrafii. Bars in a0–a3 = 500 µm, b0–b3 = 250 µm, c0–c3, d0–d3, e0–e3 = 30 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 3. Capsules of Heliosperma macranthum (a) and H. retzdorffianum (b, c). Note seeds sticked to the pubescent plants (arrows in c).

FIGURE. Distribution of Dicorynia. Physical map of the Amazonian region with all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. A large amount of point overlays leading to reduced number of visible points is due to the large percentage of materials being old collections that rely only on the name of the municipality or similar. Source: NASA with modifications. Note that almost all specimens are contained in areas with less than 200 m high and the high elevations of the Guiana shield may represent a form of isolation between the two species. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)

FIGURE. Distribution of Dicorynia. Physical map of the Amazonian region with all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. A large amount of point overlays leading to reduced number of visible points is due to the large percentage of materials being old collections that rely only on the name of the municipality or similar. Source: NASA with modifications. Note that almost all specimens are contained in areas with less than 200 m high and the high elevations of the Guiana shield may represent a form of isolation between the two species.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens. in Soricidae

Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Distribution. Recorded from high elevations in the S two-thirds of the Cordillera Central, NW Luzon I, Philippines. Previous accounts of A. datae in the Sierra Madre and in the lowlands of Luzon refer to other species of Apomys that remained unrecognized until 2011. in Muridae

Distribution. Recorded from high elevations in the S two-thirds of the Cordillera Central, NW Luzon I, Philippines. Previous accounts of A. datae in the Sierra Madre and in the lowlands of Luzon refer to other species of Apomys that remained unrecognized until 2011.

dryad32/100

The functional role and diversity of soil nematodes are stronger at high elevation in the lesser Himalayan mountain ranges

Soil nematodes are a foremost component of terrestrial biodiversity, they display the whole gamut of trophic guilds and life strategies, and by their activity, affect major ecosystem process, such as organic matter degradation and carbon cycling. Based on nematodes' functional types, nematode community indices have been developed, and can be used to link variation in nematodes community composition and ecosystem processes. Yet, the use of these indices has been mainly restricted to anthropogenic stresses. In this study, we propose to expand the use of nematodes' derived ecological indices in order to link soil and climate properties with soil food webs, and ecosystem processes that all vary along steep elevation gradients. For this purpose, we explored how elevation affects the trophic and functional diversity of nematode communities sampled every 300 m, from about 1000 m to 3700 m above sea level, across four transects in the lesser Himalayan range of Jammu and Kashmir. We found that (1) the trophic and functional diversity of nematodes increases with elevation; (2) differences in nematodes communities generate habitat-specific functional diversity; (3) the maturity index (MI), increases with elevation, while the enrichment index decreases, indicating less mature and less productive ecosystems, enhanced fungal-based energy flow, and a predominant role of nematodes in generating carbon influxes at high elevation sites. We thus confirm that the functional contribution of soil nematodes to belowground ecosystem processes, including carbon and energy flow, is stronger at high elevation. Overall, this study highlights the central importance of nematodes in sustaining soil ecosystems and brings insights into their functional role, particularly in alpine and arctic soils.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Figure S2 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?

Figure S2. Environmental temperature fluctuation throughout the day at Las Moyas.

Figure S1 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?

Figure S1. Environmental temperature fluctuation throughout the day in La Chacua.

Figure 2 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?

Figure 2. Frequency of individuals of Stenocercus trachycephalus on each microhabitat by locality.

Figure S3 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?

Figure S3. Environmental temperature fluctuation throughout the day in Guanentá.

Figure 3 in Taxonomic inflation and a reconsideration of speciation in the Andes: the case of the high-elevation tree frog Dendropsophus molitor (Anura: Hylidae)

Figure 3. Comparison of morphometric variation between D. molitor and D. luddeckei. A, PCA plot that represents morphometric differences along the first two PC axes (cumulative explanation of variance ~40%). B, Composition plot for the discriminant analysis, which shows membership probability for each individual. C, Distribution of BIC values for Model-Based Clustering Analysis. The best fit model was 'ellipsoidal, equal volume' (EVV).

Figure 2 in Taxonomic inflation and a reconsideration of speciation in the Andes: the case of the high-elevation tree frog Dendropsophus molitor (Anura: Hylidae)

Figure 2. Bayesian species delimitation test (iBPP) with an integrated dataset. Each node of the tree indicates the posterior probabilities of Bayesian species delimitations inferred under nine different combinations of priors on theta and tau obtained from a Gamma distribution. Each of the resulting posterior probabilities for the different combinations of theta and tau are colour coded and indicated in 3 × 3 boxes on each node. The large 3 × 3 inset indicates the position of each prior combination in these boxes. Species that belong to the 'molitor' group (D. molitor, D. luddeckei, D. meridensis, D. pelidnus) showed very low support (posterior probability) as different species for all theta and tau combinations in contrast to the other Dendropsophus species.

Figure 4 in Taxonomic inflation and a reconsideration of speciation in the Andes: the case of the high-elevation tree frog Dendropsophus molitor (Anura: Hylidae)

Figure 4. MC1R coding region test for association with colour polymorphism. A, Haplotype network for MC1R including D. molitor (green, variegated, and brown) and O. histrionica (black and brown) individuals. Haplotypes of D. molitor did not clustered in association with colour pattern, whereas O. histrionica showed different haplotypes for brown and black dorsal background colour patterns. B, SNPs found in the 557 bp fragment of the coding region of MC1R amplified for D. molitor in comparison with O. histrionica. The alignment shows a 34 bp region (from 409 bp to 443 bp) of this gene. Each morphotype for D. molitor (green, variegated, and brown) and O. histrionica (black and brown) is represented by coloured vertical bars at the right of the alignment. Positions highlighted in a red box indicate Δ433 and C432A mutations responsible for differences in darker dorsal background colour patterns in O. histrionica (Posso-Terranova and Andrés 2017).

Figure 1 in Taxonomic inflation and a reconsideration of speciation in the Andes: the case of the high-elevation tree frog Dendropsophus molitor (Anura: Hylidae)

Figure 1. Distribution, phenotypic variation, and phylogenetic relationships for D. molitor and D. luddeckei. A, Map of the sampling localities. Triangles: sampling points for the putative species D. luddeckei. Circles: sampling points for D. molitor. Additional information for each sample and locality is given in Supporting Information, Table S1. The vertical dashed line delineates the contact zone between both putative species proposed by Guarnizo et al. (2012) B, Colour polymorphism of D. molitor is defined as three morphotypes: solid green, variegated and solid brown in order from top to bottom. Photographs by the authors. C, Bayesian consensus phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA markers (12S, 16S, and COI). Nodes show the bootstrap support on the left and the posterior probability on the right. Nodes indicating only the posterior probability were not supported by ML bootstrap and nodes without values were not supported by both ML and BI. Asterisks next to sample names in the phylogeny indicate the individuals added in this study. Colour and symbol codes are as described in panel A. Vertical bars at the right of the phylogeny show the results of the ASAP and bPTP species delimitation tests.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Supplementary Materials: High-Quality Genome of a novel species belonging to the family Thermosynechococcaceae from Namibia and characterization of its protein expression patterns at elevated temperatures

Supplementary Materials to the scientific research article "High-Quality Genome of a novel species belonging to the family Thermosynechococcaceae from Namibia and characterization of its protein expression patterns at elevated temperatures" in MicrobiologyOpen. Including raw data of: the BCG analysis with antismash, dbCAN3 analysis of carbohydrate active enzymes, eggNOG mapper and KEGG (blastKOALA) functional annotations, whole genome alignments with progressiveMauve, ortholog-based phylogenetics with OrthoFinder, RAST annotations of the novel Thermosynechococcus sp. Okahandja and the type strains Thermosynechococcus lividus PCC 6715-6717, the full length 16S rRNA sequence extracted from the genome, proteomics analyses, the novel T. sp. Okahandja annotated genome, additional STEM microscopy figures and CRISPR analyses.

FIGURE 30 in Five new species of the Cnemaspis beddomei clade (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from high elevation, evergreen forests of the Southern Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 30. Cnemaspis tenkasiensis sp. nov. in life: (A) adult male (paratype, NRC-AA-8409), (B) adult male (paratype, NRC-AA-8410), and (C) juvenile (uncollected). Photos by Akshay Khandekar.

FIGURE 27 in Five new species of the Cnemaspis beddomei clade (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from high elevation, evergreen forests of the Southern Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 27. Cnemaspis tenkasiensis sp. nov. (holotype, NRC-AA-8408): (A) dorsal view of body, (B) ventral view of body, (C) dorsal view of tail, (D) ventral view of tail, (E) lateral view of tail. Scale bars 10 mm; photos by Akshay Khandekar.

FIGURE 25 in Five new species of the Cnemaspis beddomei clade (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from high elevation, evergreen forests of the Southern Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 25. Paratype series of Cnemaspis valparaiensis sp. nov., from left to right, NRC-AA-8402–8407: (A) dorsal view and (B) ventral view. Scale bars 10 mm; photos by Akshay Khandekar.

FIGURE 24 in Five new species of the Cnemaspis beddomei clade (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from high elevation, evergreen forests of the Southern Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 24. Cnemaspis valparaiensis sp. nov. in life: (A) adult male (holotype, NRC-AA-8401), (B) adult male (paratype, NRC-AA-8402), and (C) adult female (paratype, NRC-AA-8403). Photos by Akshay Khandekar.