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236 results for “immigration”
Data from: Piping Plover population increase after Hurricane Sandy mediated by immigration and reproductive output
<p>Evaluating population-level responses to conservation action following large-scale disturbance can improve the efficacy of future habitat conservation measures. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy storm surges cleared vegetation and opened inlets through the barrier islands, Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, creating Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) habitat. Storm effects prompted an island-wide stabilization project, which had the potential to negatively affect novel Piping Plover habitat. Certain sections of Fire Island were designed to create and/or improve habitat (hereafter, restoration areas) to mitigate possible habitat loss or degradation. Since Piping Plovers in New York appear to be habitat-limited, we anticipated positive population growth following habitat creation. From 2013–2018, we captured and banded 152 adults and 353 chicks, and monitored 279 nests and 160 broods. We developed an integrated population model to assess demographic processes in response to hurricane created-habitat (2013–2018) and the creation of restoration areas (2015–2018). We observed positive population growth in three of five years, and overall growth through the period (λ =1.13). Immigration and reproductive output were correlated with population growth (r = 0.92 [95% CI = 0.22–0.98], and 0.84 [95% CI = -0.47–0.95], respectively). Compared to the rest of the study area, restoration areas had higher chick survival, and lower nest survival and after second year site fidelity. The result was population growth in restoration areas (λ =1.14) similar to the whole study area. In the short term, restoration areas seemed to mimic natural Piping Plover habitat. Vegetation removal, an important process in renewing natural Piping Plover habitat, likely will be necessary to maintain habitat suitability. Efforts to increase immigration of new breeding adults into the system, and to improve reproductive output, primarily by habitat creation or maintenance, are likely to have the greatest local effect on population growth.</p>
Data from: Emergence of novel fungal pathogens by ecological speciation: importance of the reduced viability of immigrants
Expanding global trade and the domestication of ecosystems have greatly accelerated the rate of emerging infectious fungal diseases, and host-shift speciation appears to be a major route for disease emergence. There is therefore an increased interest in identifying the factors that drive the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations adapting to different hosts. Here, we used genetic markers and cross-inoculations to assess the level of gene flow and investigate barriers responsible for reproductive isolation between two sympatric populations of Venturia inaequalis, the fungal pathogen causing apple scab disease, one of the fungal populations causing a recent emerging disease on resistant varieties. Our results showed the maintenance over several years of strong and stable differentiation between the two populations in the same orchards, suggesting ongoing ecological divergence following a host-shift. We identified strong selection against immigrants (i.e. host-specificity) from different host varieties as the strongest and likely most efficient barrier to gene flow between local and emerging populations. Cross-variety disease transmission events were indeed rare in the field and cross-inoculation tests confirmed high host specificity. Because the fungus mates within its host after successful infection and because pathogenicity-related loci prevent infection of non-host trees, adaptation to specific hosts may alone maintain both genetic differentiation between and adaptive allelic combinations within sympatric populations parasitizing different apple varieties, thus acting as a "magic trait". Additional intrinsic and extrinsic post-zygotic barriers might complete reproductive isolation and explain why the rare migrants and F1 hybrids detected do not lead to pervasive gene flow across years.
Data from: Social information from immigrants: multiple immigrant based sources of information for dispersal decisions in a ciliate
1. Dispersal is increasingly recognized as being an informed process, based on information organisms obtain about the landscape. While local conditions are often found to drive dispersal decisions, local context is not always a reliable predictor of conditions in neighbouring patches, making the use of local information potentially useless or even maladaptive. In this case, using social information gathered by immigrants might allow adjusting dispersal decisions without paying the costs of prospecting. However, this hypothesis has been largely neglected despite its major importance for ecological and evolutionary processes. 2. We investigated three fundamental questions about immigrant-informed dispersal: Do immigrants convey information that influences dispersal, do organisms use multiple cues from immigrants, and is immigrant-informed dispersal genotype dependent? 3. Using Tetrahymena thermophila ciliates in microcosms, we manipulated the number of immigrants arriving, the density of congeners, the resource quality in neighbouring patches, matrix characteristics and the level of cooperation of individuals in the neighbouring populations. 4. We provide the first experimental evidence that immigrants convey a number of different cues about neighbouring patches and matrix (patch quality, matrix characteristics and cooperation in neighbouring populations) in this relatively simple organism. Furthermore, we demonstrate genotype-dependent immigrant-informed dispersal decisions about patch quality and matrix characteristics. 5. Multiple cues from immigrants and genotype-dependent use of cues have major implications for theoretical metapopulation dynamics and the potential for local adaptation.
Data from: Integrated population models poorly estimate the demographic contribution of immigration
<p class="BodyA">Estimating the contribution of demographic parameters to changes in population growth is essential for understanding why populations fluctuate. Integrated Population Models (IPMs) offer a possibility to estimate contributions of additional demographic parameters, for which no data have been explicitly collected: typically immigration. Such parametersare often subsequently highlighted as important drivers of population growth. Yet, accuracy in estimating their temporal variation, and consequently their contribution to changes in population growth rate, has not been investigated.</p> <p class="BodyA">To quantify the magnitude and cause of potential biases when estimating the contribution of immigration using IPMs, we simulated data (using Northern Wheatear <i>Oenanthe oenanthe </i>population estimates) from controlled scenarios to examine potential biases and how they depend on IPM parameterization, formulation of priors, the level of temporal variation in immigration, and sample size. We also used empirical data on populations with known rates of immigration: Soay Sheep <i>Ovis aries</i> and Mauritius kestrel <i>Falco punctatus</i> with zero immigration and<i> </i>grey wolf <i>Canis lupus</i> in Scandinavia with<i> </i>near-zero immigration.</p> <p class="Default">IPMs strongly overestimated the contribution of immigration to changes in population growth in scenarios when immigration was simulated with zero temporal variation (proportion of variance attributed to immigration = 63% for the more constrained formulation and real sample size) and in the wild populations, where the true number of immigrants was zero or near-zero (Kestrel 19.1-98.2%, Sheep 4.2-36.1%, Wolf 84.0-99.2%). Although the estimation of immigration in the simulation study became more accurate with increasing temporal variation and sample size, it was often not possible to distinguish between an accurate estimation from data with high temporal variation versus an overestimation from data with low temporal variation. Unrealistically large sample sizes may be required to estimate the contribution of immigration well.</p> <p class="Body">To minimise the risk of overestimating the contribution of immigration (or any additional parameter) in IPMs, we recommend to: (i) look for evidence of variation in immigration before investigating its contribution to population growth, (ii) simulate and model data for comparison to the real data, and (iii) use explicit data on immigration when possible.</p>
Data from: Poor housing conditions in association with child health in a disadvantaged immigrant population: a cross-sectional study in Rosengård, Malmö, Sweden
Objectives: To describe the home environment in terms of housing conditions and their association with child health in a disadvantaged immigrant population. Design: A cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Enrolment took place during 2010–2011 in Rosengård, Malmö, Sweden. Participants: Children aged 0–13 years in 2 study neighbourhoods were recruited from local health records and from schools. 359 children participated, with a participation rate of 40%. Data on health, lifestyle and apartment characteristics from questionnaire-led interviews with the mothers of the children were obtained together with data from home inspections carried out by trained health communicators. Outcome measures: Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs for various health outcomes, adjusted for demographic information and lifestyle factors. Results: The housing conditions were very poor, especially in one of the study neighbourhoods where 67% of the apartments had been sanitised of cockroaches, 27% were infested with cockroaches and 40% had a visible mould. The association between housing conditions and health was mostly inconclusive, but there were statistically significant associations between current asthma and dampness (OR=4.1, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.9), between asthma medication and dampness (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.4), and between mould and headache (OR=4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 14.8). The presence of cockroaches was associated with emergency care visits, with colds, with headache and with difficulty falling asleep, and worse general health was associated with mould and presence of cockroaches. Conclusions: The associations between dampness and asthma, and the association between mould and headache, are in line with current knowledge. The presence of cockroaches seemed to be associated with various outcomes, including those related to mental well-being, which is less described in the literature. The results of the present study are hypothesis generating and provide strong incentives for future studies in this study population.
Data from: A qualitative study exploring the health literacy issues in the care of Chinese American immigrants with diabetes
Objectives: To investigate why first-generation Chinese immigrants with diabetes have difficulty obtaining, processing and understanding diabetes related information despite the existence of translated materials and translators. Design: This qualitative study employed purposive sampling. Six focus groups and two individual interviews were conducted. Each group discussion lasted approximately 90 min and was guided by semistructured and open-ended questions. Setting: Data were collected in two community health centres and one elderly retirement village in Los Angeles, California. Participants: 29 Chinese immigrants aged ≥45 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 1 year. Results: Eight key themes were found to potentially affect Chinese immigrants' capacity to obtain, communicate, process and understand diabetes related health information and consequently alter their decision making in self-care. Among the themes, three major categories emerged: cultural factors, structural barriers, and personal barriers. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of cultural sensitivity when working with first-generation Chinese immigrants with diabetes. Implications for health professionals, local community centres and other potential service providers are discussed.
Data from: Assessing the contributions of reduced immigrant viability and fecundity to reproductive isolation
Reduced fitness of immigrants from alternative environments is thought to be an important reproductive isolating barrier. Most studies evaluating the importance of the relative fitness of immigrants to speciation have focused on reduced survival of immigrants (i.e., immigrant inviability). However, variation in fecundity appears to have a greater impact on variation in fitness than does variation in viability, suggesting that reduced fecundity of immigrants could act as an important yet largely overlooked reproductive isolating barrier. Using a model and a survey of studies of local adaptation, we evaluate the relative strength of reduced immigrant viability and fecundity as potential causes of reproductive isolation. We found that reduced fecundity as compared to reduced viability as a reproductive isolating barrier should increase in importance as the relative costs of reproduction increase. Consistent with the elevated demands of reproduction reported in the literature, we found that reproductive isolation from reduced immigrant fecundity was of similar magnitude or greater than that from reduced immigrant viability, particularly in the early stages of speciation. These results suggest that the important role of differential fecundity in local adaptation extends to speciation.
Fig. 3 in Eublemma baccatrix Hacker, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Boletobiinae: Eublemmini): recurrent immigrant or rapidly expanding species throughout the Iberian south area? Eublemma baccatrix Hacker, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Boletobiinae: Eublemmini): inmigrante recurrente o especie en rápida expansión por el sur ibérico?
Fig. 3.- Eublemma baccatrix Hacker, 2019. Barranco del Campillo, Campillo de Adentro, Murcia, leg. & phot. José Luis Yela, in coll. Departamento de Biología Animal y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia.
Schistosomiasis in immigrants, refugees and travellers in an Italian referral centre for tropical diseases
<p>Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. If unrecognised and untreated, the chronic infection can lead to irreversible complications.</p> <p>METHODS:</p> <p>Retrospective observational study aimed at describing clinical history, laboratory findings and imaging presentation of imported schistosomiasis diagnosed at the Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital of Negrar, Verona, Italy from 2010 to 2014. The aim of our study was to assess differences in demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory data and ultrasound findings between immigrants/visiting friends and relatives (VFR) from endemic countries (endemic group) and expatriates/travellers (non-endemic group).</p> <p>RESULTS:</p> <p>A total of 272 patients were retrieved: 234 in the endemic and 38 in the non-endemic group. Most of the patients acquired schistosomiasis in Africa (97.4%). Symptoms were reported by 52.9% of the patients; abdominal pain (36%), macroscopic hematuria (11.3%), and genito-urinary symptoms (7.4%) being the most frequently reported. Increased IgE and blood eosinophilia were observed in 169 (63.8%) and 130 (47.8%) patients, respectively. The proportion of positive serology was 250/272 (91.9%).The Circulating Cathodic Antigen CCA for Schistosoma mansoni was positive in 14/61 individuals (23%). At microscopy, infected subjects were 103/272 (37.9%). The species of Schistosoma found were S. haematobium (47.6%), S. mansoni (46.6%) or both (5.8%). Schistosomiasis was classified as confirmed in 103 (37.9%), probable in 165 (60.6%) and suspected in 4 (1.5%) cases using clinical presentation, laboratory data and ultrasound findings. The infection was further classified based on organ involvement: intestinal (17.9%), hepatosplenic (5.1%), urogenital (48.9%), and indeterminate (43.8%). The comparative analysis of endemic and non-endemic patients highlighted differences in sex and age. Endemic patients had more frequent ova identification (41.9% vs. 13.2%, P < 0.001) and increased IgE (70% vs. 26.3%, P < 0.001) when compared with non-endemic. Multivariate analyses showed that younger age, abnormal ultrasound findings and blood eosinophilia were significantly associated with positive microscopy (OR = 0.94, OR = 2.12, OR = 1.98, respectively).</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS:</p> <p>Symptoms, eosinophilia and abnormal ultrasound findings were present in about half of patients, without differences between groups. Many patients had positive serology but negative microscopy, indicating that schistosomiasis might be misdiagnosed. A combination of diagnostic tools may facilitate the diagnosis.</p>
Figures 2–5 in A new immigrant mustelid (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the middle Miocene Temblor Formation of central California
Figures 2–5. Skull of Legionarictis fortidens gen. et. Sp. nov., UCMP 166190. 2. Skull in ventral view. 3. Left lateral view. 4. Dorsal view. 5. Right lateral view.
MBSR in a Hispanic Immigrant Population in St. Louis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03839589. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Weight Loss and Prevention in Latina Immigrants: Advancing Methods of Community-Based Intervention Delivery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02344212. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
INcreasing the Uptake of DSMES Program and Addressing Social Needs in Low-Income VulneRablE Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07296211. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Cervical Cancer Self-Collection for Southeast Asian Immigrant and Refugee Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05286749. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Hepatitis B en Haitian Immigrants in Chile: Molecular Characterization and Determination of Vaccine Response
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04326803. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Implementing an Effective Diabetes Intervention Among Low-Income Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06319703. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
HPV Vaccination Among Daughters of Latina Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04154319. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Increasing Breast Cancer Screening in Chinese Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05089292. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Increasing Attendance to Cervical Cancer-screening Among Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03155581. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 3.
Immigrant Well-being Project: Transdisciplinary Ecological Mental Health Intervention for Mexican Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03926247. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.