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458 results for “incubator”
The importance of nighttime length to latitudinal variation in avian incubation attentiveness
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Data from: Ecological drivers and fitness consequences of incubation period in Ficedula albicollis (Collared Flycatcher): Insights from a long-term data set
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Incubation behaviour in a double-nesting alpine bird Alectoris graeca saxatilis: Similar nest attendance by males and females
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Data for: Incubation behavior and nest predation rates for 21 songbird species studied in Borneo
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Data from: Laying sequence interacts with incubation temperature to influence rate of embryonic development and hatching synchrony in a precocial bird
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Data from: Delayed incubation leads to hatching failure of a Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nest
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Incubation period length varies with temperature, female age, and clutch size in Protonotaria citrea (Prothonotary Warblers)
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Data for: Soil incubation data with intensified water variability
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Data from: Inter-colony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubating period
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Singing on the nest is a widespread behavior in incubating Northern Mockingbirds and increases probability of nest predation
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Extended incubation recesses in Sanderlings are impacted by temperature and body condition
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Data from: Biparentally incubating Aegithalos concinnus (Black-throated Tit) provide a more stable nest thermal environment than uniparentally incubating A. glaucogularis (Silver-throated Tit)
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A case report of an Eurasian Jay (Garrulus glandarius) attacking an incubating adult and depredating the eggs of the Japanese Tit (Parus minor)
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Soil net N mineralization over five incubation periods:Effect of Burning Patterns on Vegetation in the Fish Lake Burn Compartments
This study examines the effects of long-term prescribed burning treatments on vegetation structure and composition, productivity, and nutrient cycling in upland oak savanna and woodland vegetation. The basis for the study is an ongoing, experimental prescribed burning program begun in 1964 at Cedar Creek, and a similar program operating since 1962 on the adjacent Helen Allison Savanna property (owned by The Nature Conservancy). These prescribed burning programs are designed to subject upland oak communities (and some old fields) to different burn frequencies and patterns of burning, with the ultimate objectives of 1) restoring and maintaining the historically important savanna and open woodland vegetation, and 2) providing information about the effects of different burning patterns on vegetation structure and composition. This study addresses the latter of these two purposes and expands on it by also investigating possible influences of fire on resource availability (nutrients, water, and light) and net primary productivity. This study represents a continuation and expansion of experiments 015 and 094.
Figure 1 in Pre-ovipositional and ovipositional behaviour of Trichouropoda ovalis (C.L. Koch) and Uroobovella marginata (C.L. Koch) (Parasitiformes: Uropodina: Trematuridaeı Urodinychidae) with notes on egg incubation and hatching behaviour
Figure 1. Egg clusters of Trichouropoda ovalis (a,b) and Uroobovella marginata (c,d). (a,c) eggs deposited on plaster of Paris and charcoal substrate; (b,d) eggs deposited on the wall of a culture cell. Scale bar: 500µm.
Data for: Maternal glucocorticoid levels during incubation predict breeding success, but not reproductive investment, in a free-ranging bird
<p>The hormone corticosterone (CORT) has been hypothesized to be linked with fitness, but the directionality of the relationship is unclear. The "CORT-fitness hypothesis" proposes that high levels of CORT arise from challenging environmental conditions, resulting in lower reproductive success (a negative relationship). In contrast, the "CORT-adaptation hypothesis" suggests that, during energetically demanding periods, CORT will mediate physiological or behavioural changes that result in increased reproductive investment and success (a positive relationship). During two breeding seasons, we experimentally manipulated circulating CORT levels in female tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) prior to egg laying, and measured subsequent reproductive effort, breeding success, and maternal survival. When females were recaptured during egg incubation and again during the nestling stage, the CORT levels were similar among individuals in each treatment group, and maternal treatment had no effect on indices of fitness. By considering variation among females, we found support for the "CORT-adaptation hypothesis"; there was a significant positive relationship between CORT levels during incubation and hatching and fledging success. During the nestling stage CORT levels were unrelated to any measure of investment or success. Within the environmental context of our study, relationships between maternal glucocorticoid levels and indices fitness vary across reproductive stages.</p>
Data from: Incubation recess behaviors influence nest survival of Wild Turkeys
<p>In ground nesting upland birds, reproductive activities contribute to elevated predation risk, so females presumably use multiple strategies to ensure nest success. Identification of drivers reducing predation risk have primarily focused on evaluating vegetative conditions at nest sites, but behavioral decisions manifested through movements during incubation may be additional drivers of nest survival. However, our understanding of how movements during incubation impact nest survival is limited for most ground nesting birds. Using GPS data collected from female Eastern Wild Turkeys (<i>n</i> = 206), we evaluated nest survival as it relates to movement behaviors during incubation, including recess frequency, distance traveled during recesses, and habitat selection during recess movements. We identified 9,361 movements off nests and 6,529 recess events based on approximately 62,065 hours of incubation data, and estimated mean nest attentiveness of 84.0%. Numbers of recesses taken daily were variable across females (range: 1‒7). Nest survival modeling indicated that increased cumulative distance moved during recesses each day was the primary driver of positive daily nest survival. Our results suggest behavioral decisions are influencing trade-offs between nest survival and adult female survival during incubation to reduce predation risk, specifically through adjustments to distances traveled during recesses.</p>
Temperature-mediated plasticity in incubation schedules is unlikely to evolve to buffer embryos from climatic challenges in a seasonal songbird
<p>Phenotypic plasticity is hypothesised to facilitate adaptive responses to challenging conditions, such as those resulting from climate change. However, the key predictions of this 'rescue hypothesis', that variation in plasticity exists and can evolve to buffer unfavourable conditions, remain rare. Here, we investigate among-female variation in temperature-mediated plasticity of incubation schedules and consequences for egg temperatures using the chestnut-crowned babbler (<i>Pomatostomus ruficeps</i>) from temperate regions of inland south-eastern Australia. Given phenological advances in this seasonal breeder and thermal requirements of developing embryos (> ~25 °C, optimally ~38 °C), support for evolutionary rescue - perhaps paradoxically - requires that plasticity serves to buffer embryos more from sub-optimally low temperatures. We found significant variation in the duration of incubation bouts (mean ± SD = 27 ± 22 min) and foraging bouts (mean ± SD = 17 ± 11 min) in this maternal-only incubator. However, these patterns arose because of variation in the extent to which mothers increased on- and off-bout durations when temperatures (0-36 °C) were more favourable rather than unfavourable as required under rescue. In addition, there was a strong positive intercept-slope correlation in on-bout durations, indicating that those with stronger plastic responses incubated more at average temperatures (~19 °C). Combined, these effects reduced the functional significance of plastic responses: an individual's plasticity was neither associated with daily contributions to incubation (i.e. attentiveness) nor average egg temperatures. Our results highlight that despite significant among-individual variation in environmental-sensitivity, plasticity in parental care traits need not evolve to facilitate buffering against unfavourable conditions.</p>
Incubation attentiveness in zebra finches
<p>In birds ambient temperature can influence adult incubation behaviour, energy budget, egg temperature, and embryonic development with downstream effects on offspring survival. Surprisingly, experimental manipulations of the whole nesting environment to test causes and consequences of variation in incubation pattern, energy balance, egg temperature, and the duration of development are lacking to date. Here, we bred pairs of Zebra Finches <i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>under controlled conditions at 18°and 30°C and measured clutch size, temperature, hatching success, parental attentiveness and the length of the embryonic period. We found that when breeding at the higher temperature, males, but not females, increased the number of incubation bouts on the nest. Instead, females, but not males, reduced their attentiveness towards the clutch overall. Eggs showed no temperature differences between the two treatments and bigger clutches experienced lower temperatures. This suggests that parental behaviour may buffer the effect of ambient conditions on the thermal profile of eggs, including species with high rates of parental attentiveness. Warmer conditions yielded higher hatching rates but did not cause measurable differences in the length of embryonic development. Still, smaller clutches hatched earlier in accordance with the higher temperature experienced. Additionally, we used data from the literature to calculate parental energy expenditure and demonstrate that this was substantially different across the two treatments, although predicted energy savings from reduced attentiveness at 30°C appeared negligible. These results suggest that when food is available, ambient temperature and not energy trade-offs may explain variation in incubation behaviour. </p>
Impacts of ambient temperature and clutch size on incubation behaviour onset in a female-only incubator songbird
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ambient temperature is assumed to be the major cue used by passerines to synchronize their laying and hatching dates to the expected peak of prey availability. While laying eggs, females are still able to fine-tune their hatching date following increasing or decreasing patterns of ambient temperature, mostly via changes in incubation onset. The onset of incubation behaviour in relation to the laying sequence could have later consequences for the duration of the incubation period and the extent of hatching asynchrony. Clutch size is also known to affect incubation patterns and might therefore condition potential responses to changing temperatures. In this study we assessed the effect of ambient temperature and clutch size on the onset of four different incubation behaviours: partial and full nocturnal incubation, and partial and full diurnal incubation. We also evaluated the effect of the onset and duration of each incubation behaviour on the total duration of diurnal full incubation and the extent of hatching asynchrony. To achieve our aims, we monitored incubation behaviour using temperature data loggers during the egg laying period in three Mediterranean Great Tit <i>Parus major</i> populations in three consecutive years. Our results showed that increasing temperatures were related to an advance of diurnal partial incubation, but not to its duration, nor to the onset of full incubation behaviour. We did not find any effect of ambient temperatures on nocturnal incubation. However, females lengthened nocturnal partial incubation and delayed the onset of nocturnal full and diurnal partial incubation, when laying larger clutches. Longer diurnal incubation before clutch completion was associated with greater hatching asynchrony. Moreover, longer diurnal partial incubation shortened the duration of the full incubation period. In conclusion, increasing ambient temperatures during the egg-laying period advanced diurnal partial incubation, indirectly shortening the full incubation period and increasing hatching asynchrony.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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