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313 results for “locomotion”
Data from: Integrating thermal physiology within a syndrome: locomotion, personality and habitat selection in an ectotherm
1. Physiology and temperature can both have a profound influence on behaviour and metabolism. Despite this, thermal physiology has rarely been considered within the animal personality framework, but could be an inherent mechanism maintaining consistent individual differences in behaviour, particularly in species that need to thermoregulate (i.e. ectotherms). 2. Here, we present evidence for a thermal-behavioural syndrome and detail how it is linked to variation in habitat selection in an Australian lizard, the delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata. 3. We predicted that individuals would occur along a cold-hot continuum – analogues to the slow-fast continuum proposed by the pace-of-life hypothesis - whereby an individual's placement along a thermal physiological axis will correspond with their placement along a personality axis. We first tested the thermal-behavioural syndrome by measuring the thermal preferences and optimal performance temperature of individual skinks and linking it to their activity, exploratory, social and boldness behaviours. 4. In line with our predictions, we found that individuals with a 'hot' thermal type performed optimally at higher temperatures, had faster sprint speeds and were more active, explorative and bold relative to 'cold' thermal types. 5. We then monitored each individual's habitat selection within an artificial environment containing three microhabitats differing in their thermal characteristics. 6. We found that an individual's thermal type mediated their use of habitat, in which 'hot' individuals utilised a hotter microhabitat more regularly than both 'cold' and 'intermediate' thermal types, suggesting that the thermal-behavioural syndrome could drive ecological niche partitioning in this species. 7. We envisage that the thermal-behavioural syndrome concept is likely to extend to other study systems, particularly to ectothermic organisms that rely heavily on behavioural thermoregulation to maintain optimal body temperature.
Data for: Recovery of locomotion after injury in Drosophila melanogaster depends on proprioception
<p>Data and code for the publication Recovery of locomotion after injury in Drosophila melanogaster depends on proprioception in press at the Journal of Experimental Biology. See http://http://lab.debivort.org/recovery-of-locomotion-after-injury/ for descriptions of all files.</p>
Dataset from 'Kangur, K., Billino, J., & Hesse, C. (2017). Keeping safe: Intra-individual consistency in obstacle avoidance behaviour across grasping and locomotion task. i-perception, 8(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.1177/2041669517690412'
<p>Dataset associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Kangur, K., Billino, J., & Hesse, C. (2017). Keeping safe: Intra-individual consistency in obstacle avoidance behaviour<br> across grasping and locomotion task. i-perception, 8(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.1177/2041669517690412 <span><a></a></span></p> <p>The folder contains a data file and a description file providing column lables.</p> <p>For further questions, please contact:<br> c.hesse[at]abdn.ac.uk</p>
Data from: A new solution to an old riddle: elongate dinosaur tracks explained as deep penetration of the foot, not plantigrade locomotion
<p class="western"><span><span>The dinosaur track record features numerous examples of trackways with elongate metatarsal marks. Such "elongate tracks" are often highly variable and characterised by indistinct outlines and abbreviated or missing digit impressions. Elongate dinosaur tracks are well-known from the Paluxy River bed of Texas, where some had been interpreted as "man tracks" by </span><span>creationists</span><span> due to their superficially human-like appearance. The horizontal orientation of the metatarsal marks led to the now widely accepted idea of a facultative plantigrade, or "flat-footed", mode of locomotion in a variety of dinosaurian trackmakers small to large. This hypothesis, however, is at odds with the observation that elongate tracks do not indicate reduced locomotion speeds and increased pace angulation values, but instead are correlated with low anatomical fidelity. We here interpret elongate tracks as deep penetrations of the foot in soft sediment. Sediment may collapse above parts of the descending foot, leaving a shallow surface track that preserves a metatarsal mark. The length of a metatarsal mark is determined by multiple factors and is not necessarily correlated with the length of the metatarsus. Other types of posterior marks in dinosaur footprints, such as drag and slip marks, are reviewed.</span></span></p>
Data from: Dynamic body acceleration as a proxy to predict the cost of locomotion in bottlenose dolphins
<p>Estimates of the energetic costs of locomotion (COL) at different activity levels are necessary to answer fundamental eco-physiological questions and to understand the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance to marine mammals. We combined estimates of energetic costs derived from breath-by-breath respirometry with measurements of overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) from biologging tags to validate ODBA as a proxy for COL in trained common bottlenose dolphins (<em>Tursiops truncatus</em>). We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR); mean individual RMR was 0.71–1.42 times that of a similarly sized terrestrial mammal and agreed with past measurements that used breath-by-breath and flow-through respirometry. We also measured energy expenditure during submerged swim trials, at primarily moderate exercise levels. We subtracted RMR to obtain COL, and normalized COL by body size to incorporate individual swimming efficiencies. We found both mass-specific energy expenditure and mass-specific COL were linearly related with ODBA. Measurements of activity level and cost of transport (the energy required to move a given distance) improve understanding of the COL in marine mammals. The strength of the correlation between ODBA and COL varied among individuals, but the overall relationship can be used at a broad scale to estimate the energetic costs of disturbance and daily locomotion costs to build energy budgets, and investigate the costs of diving in free-ranging animals where bio-logging data are available. We propose that a similar approach could be applied to other cetacean species.</p>
Larval yellow perch locations during locomotion assays after exposure to MeHg and PCB126
<p>Fish swimming behavior is a commonly measured response in aquatic ecotoxicology because behavior is considered a whole organism-level effect that integrates many sensory systems. Recent advancements in animal behavior models, such as hidden Markov chain models (HMM), suggest an improved analytical approach for toxicology. Using both new and traditional approaches, we examined the sublethal effects of PCB126 and methylmercury on yellow perch (YP) larvae (<em>Perca flavescens</em>) using three doses. Both approaches indicate larvae increase activity after exposure to either chemical. The middle methylmercury-dosed larvae showed multiple altered behavior patterns. First, larvae had a general increase in activity, typically performing more behavior states, more time swimming, and more swimming bouts per second. Second, when larvae were in a slow or medium swimming state, these larvae tended to switch between these states more often. Third, larvae swam slower during the swimming bouts. The upper PCB126-dosed larvae exhibited a higher proportion and a fast swimming state, but the total time spent swimming fast decreased. The middle PCB126-dosed larvae transitioned from fast to slow swimming states less often than the control larvae. These results indicate that developmental exposure to very low doses of these neurotoxicants alters YP larvae overall swimming behaviors, suggesting neurodevelopment alteration.</p>
Thoracic adaptations for ventilation during locomotion in humans and other mammals
<p class="CxSpFirst">Bipedal humans, like canids and some other cursorial mammals, are thought to have been selected for endurance running, which requires the ability to sustain aerobic metabolism over long distances by inspiring large volumes of air for prolonged periods of time. Here we test the general hypothesis that humans and other mammals selected for vigorous endurance activities evolved derived thoracic features to increase ventilatory capacity. To do so, we investigate whether humans and dogs rely on thoracic motion to increase tidal volume during running to a greater extent than goats, a species that was not selected for endurance locomotion. We found that while all three species use diaphragmatic breathing to increase tidal volume with increasing oxygen demand, humans also use both dorsoventral and mediolateral expansions of the thorax. Dogs use increased dorsoventral expansion of the thorax, representing an intermediate between humans and goats. 3D analyses of joint morphology of 10 species across four mammalian orders also show that endurance-adapted cursorial species independently evolved more concavo-convex costovertebral joint morphologies that allow for increased rib mobility for thoracic expansion. Evidence for similarly derived concavo-convex costovertebral joints in <i>Homo erectus </i>corresponds with other evidence for the evolution of endurance running in the genus <i>Homo</i>.</p>
Loco Locomotive
It's a loco locomotive! [Inspiration](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Locomotive_Drawing_from_1894.PNG) Maybe I got a little trigger-happy with the bevel tool :) The letters can be changed if needed. Feedback is much apprecaited, thanks. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Steam locomotive
https://www.artstation.com/artwork/WoJgG Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Shay Locomotive
I tried, still adding details Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Knockout of Hsp70 genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Supplemental data for a study <strong>Knockout of </strong><em><strong>Hsp70 </strong></em><strong>genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of </strong><em><strong>Drosophila melanogaster </strong></em>(Physiol Genomics 56: 567–575, 2024.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2023">https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2023</a> )</p>
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on C. elegans Locomotion: Control vs. 50 µg/mL Treatment
<p>The effect of silver nanoparticles on the movement and speed of <em>C. elegans</em>, with a comparison between the control group and the treated group was shown in this video. In addition, the accumulation and change in the bodies of nematodes can be seen in the video.</p>
Data from: Encoding of locomotion kinematics in the mouse cerebellum
The cerebellum is involved in coordinating motor behaviour, but how the cerebellar network regulates locomotion is still not well understood. We characterised the activity of putative cerebellar Purkinje cells, Golgi cells and mossy fibres in awake mice engaged in an active locomotion task, using high-density silicon electrode arrays. Analysis of the activity of over 300 neurons in response to locomotion revealed that the majority of cells (53%) were significantly modulated by phase of the stepping cycle. However, in contrast to studies involving passive locomotion on a treadmill, we found that a high proportion of cells (45%) were tuned to the speed of locomotion, and 19% were tuned to yaw movements. The activity of neurons in the cerebellar vermis provided more information about future speed of locomotion than about past or present speed, suggesting a motor, rather than purely sensory, role. We were able to accurately decode the speed of locomotion with a simple linear algorithm, with only a relatively small number of well-chosen cells needed, irrespective of cell class. Our observations suggest that behavioural state modulates cerebellar sensorimotor integration, and advocate a role for the cerebellar vermis in control of high-level locomotor kinematic parameters such as speed and yaw.
Data from: The function of the ophiuroid nerve ring: how a decentralized nervous system controls coordinated locomotion
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous control system yet each extant echinoderm class has evolved unique and effective strategies for locomotion. Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) stride swiftly over the seafloor by coordinating motions of their five muscular arms. Their arms consist of many repeating segments, requiring them to use a complex control system to coordinate motions among segments and between arms. We conducted in vivo experiments with brittle stars to analyze the functional role of the nerve ring, which connects the nerves in each arm. These experiments were designed to determine how the ophiuroid nervous system performs complex decision-making and locomotory actions under decentralized control. Our results show that brittle star arms must be connected by the nerve ring for coordinated locomotion, but information can travel bidirectionally around the nerve ring so that it circumvents the severance. Evidence presented indicates that ophiuroids rely on adjacent nerve ring connections for sustained periodic movements. The number of arms connected via the nerve ring is correlated positively with the likelihood that the animal will show coordinated locomotion, indicating that integrated nerve ring tissue is critical for control. The results of the experiments should provide a basis for the advancement of complex artificial decentralized systems.
Kinematic gait parameters of terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in Japanese macaques
<p>This study used three-dimensional videography to quantify kinematic parameters thought to be associated with locomotor stability while two Japanese macaques walked on terrestrial and simulated arboreal substrates (a horizontal pole, which was narrow relative to the animal's body width). The parameters investigated included temporal-spatial gait variables, those associated with compliant walking, the height of the shoulder and hip, and hand and foot clearance during the swing phase. We found that there were many individual differences in kinematic adjustments made by the monkeys during arboreal locomotion. More importantly, the results were consistent between the monkeys for three parameters: maximum hand clearance, maximum hip height, and maximum foot clearance. The monkeys showed lower maximum hand and foot clearances during arboreal locomotion than during terrestrial locomotion, indicating that the hands and feet were kept close to the substrate surface during the swing phase. They also showed lower maximum hip heights during arboreal locomotion, suggesting that their whole-body centers of mass were lowered. These consistent kinematic adjustments can be interpreted as strategies for enhancing stability and reducing the risk of falling from a height.</p>
Video demonstration of the Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: MLMC); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: MHOL) behaviour elements in the Minimally interactive group for Korcsok and Korondi (2023), Biologia Futura
<p>The video demonstrates the behaviour elements: Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: <strong>MLMC</strong>); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: <strong>MHOL</strong>) in the minimally interactive experimental group, as exhibited by a social robot. The video is part of an ethogram cataloguing the behaviour elements of the robot, described in the publication: <em><strong>How do you do the things that you do? - Ethological approach to the description of robot behaviour</strong></em> submitted to Biologia Futura (2023) by Korcsok, B. and Korondi, P.</p>
Video demonstration of the Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: ILMC); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: IHOL) behaviour elements in the Interactive group for Korcsok and Korondi (2023), Biologia Futura
<p>The video demonstrates the behaviour elements: Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: <strong>ILMC</strong>); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: <strong>IHOL</strong>) in the interactive experimental group, as exhibited by a social robot. The video is part of an ethogram cataloguing the behaviour elements of the robot, described in the publication: <em><strong>How do you do the things that you do? - Ethological approach to the description of robot behaviour</strong></em> submitted to Biologia Futura (2023) by Korcsok, B. and Korondi, P.</p>
Effect of High-Intensity Gait Training Using a Treadmill on Locomotion Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05622786. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Function, Locomotion, Measurement and Inflammation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03761212. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Impact of tDCS on Locomotion and Equilibrium in Hemiplegic Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02134158. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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