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Figure 11 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 11. Microdon analis, position of mandibles and labial plate + sclerites during a feeding lunge inside a Lasius ant larva (Formicidae), still from Film 5. lp = labial plate and sclerites; m = mandible, ma = apodeme at base of mandible.
Figures 12 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figures 12. Melangyna cincta, preserved larva. (A) Prothorax and apex of head skeleton, apico-ventral view; (B) prothorax and apex of head skeleton, lateral view; (C) drawing of apical end of the head skeleton, lateral view. a = antenna; c = connecting tissue; lb = labrum; lm = labium; m = mandible; ma = postero-ventral muscle attachment apodeme; os = labial sclerite; ts = triangular sclerite.
Figures 4 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figures 4. Lonchoptera lutea, feeding on biofilm coating dead wood, stills from Film 2. (A) Pseudocephalon lowered into biofilm; (B) extrudable cones swing round to front of pseudocephalon; (C) pseudocephalon lifted up; (D) limit of pseudocephalon lifting.
Figure 7 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 7. Polyporivora picta, labial teeth and mandible with serrated margin outside the upper two labial teeth.
Figure 9 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 9. Microdon analis, drawing of the articulation point between the mandible and the labium, lateral view, length of mandible 0.3 mm. lm = labium; lp = labial plate; ls = labial sclerite; m = mandible; mt = muscle tendon; sd = salivary duct; sj = socket joint.
Figures 6. Polyporivora picta, head skeleton from a in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figures 6. Polyporivora picta, head skeleton from a puparium. (A) Lateral view, labial teeth to the right, length 0.6 mm; (B) apical view of labial teeth.
Figure 8 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 8. Microdon analis, head skeleton, removed from a puparium, lateral view, mandibles to the left, length 1.4 mm.
Figure 2 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 2. Lonchoptera lutea, larva with extended front compartment, still from a film. p = prothotax; m = mesothorax; m+a1 = fused metathorax + first abdominal segment.
Figure 4 in The muscles, body wall and valve-opening mechanism of extant craniid (inarticulated) brachiopods
Figure 4. Line drawings and digital photographs illustrating cilia current flow and valve features of two species. (A) Diagram showing flow directions of dorsal mantle cilia currents. (B) Diagram of craniid valves and body (after Williams et al. 1997). (C–E) Novocrania californica. C. Cutaway drawing down midline of valves and muscle raising structures. (D, E) OU 44518a-b. Oblique photographs of dorsal and ventral valve interiors. (F–H) Novocrania japonica. (F, G) TUM 951117a. Oblique photographs of dorsal and ventral valve interiors. (H) Cutaway drawing down midline of valves and muscle raising structures. Abbreviations: a, anus; aasc, anterior adductor muscle scar; dv, dorsal valve; msp, median spike; pasc, posterior adductor muscle scar; raams, raised anterior adductor muscle scar; rp, raised pedestal; tve, thin valve extension; vmd, ventral mound; vv, ventral valve.
Crack channelling mechanisms in brittle coating systems under moisture or temperature gradients.
<p>Crack channelling is predicted in a brittle coating-substrate system that is subjected to a moisture or temperature gradient in the thickness direction. Competing failure scenarios are identified, and are distinguished by the degree to which the coating-substrate interface delaminates, and whether this delamination is finite or unlimited in nature. Failure mechanism maps are constructed, and illustrate the sensitivity of the active crack channelling mechanism and associated channelling stress to the ratio of coating toughness to interfacial toughness, to the mismatch in elastic modulus and to the mismatch in coefficient of hygral or thermal expansion. The effect of the ratio of coating to substrate thickness upon the failure mechanism and channelling stress is also explored. Closed-form expressions for the steady-state delamination stress are derived, and are used to determine the transition value of moisture state that leads to unlimited delamination. Although the results are applicable to coating-substrate systems in a wide range of applications, the study focusses on the prediction of cracking in historical paintings due to indoor climate fluctuations, with the objective of helping museums developing strategies for the preservation of art objects. For this specific application, crack channelling with delamination needs to be avoided under all circumstances, as it may induce flaking of paint material. In historical paintings, the substrate thickness is typically more than ten times larger than the thickness of the paint layer; for such a system, the failure maps constructed from the numerical simulations indicate that paint delamination is absent if the delamination toughness is larger than approximately half of the mode I toughness of the paint layer. Further, the transition between crack channelling with and without delamination appears to be relatively insensitive to the mismatch in the elastic modulus of the substrate and paint layer. The failure maps developed in this work may provide a useful tool for museum conservators to identify the allowable indoor humidity and temperature fluctuations for which crack channelling with delamination is prevented in historical paintings.</p>
Computational modelling of metal soap formation in historical oil paintings: the influence of fatty acid concentration and nucleus geometry on the induced chemo-mechanical damage.
<p>Metal soap formation is one of the most wide-spread degradation mechanisms observed in historical oil paintings, affecting works of art from museum collections worldwide. Metal soaps develop from a chemical reaction between metal ions present in the pigments and saturated fatty acids, which are released by the oil binder. The presence of large metal soap crystals inside paint layers or at the paint surface can be detrimental for the visual appearance of artworks. Moreover, metal soaps can possibly trigger mechanical damage, ultimately resulting in flaking of the paint. This paper departs from a recently proposed computational model to predict chemo-mechanical degradation in historical oil paintings, as presented in Eumelen et al. (J Mech Phys Solids 132:103683, 2019). The model describes metal soap formation and growth, which are phenomena that are driven by the diffusion of saturated fatty acids and proceed by a nucleation process from a crystalline nucleus of small size. This results into a chemically-induced strain in the paint, which may promote crack nucleation and propagation. The proposed model is here used to investigate the effects of saturated fatty acid concentration and initial nucleus geometry on the amount of chemo-mechanical damage generated. Numerical simulations show that both factors have a marginal influence on the growth rate of the metal soap crystal, but play a significant role on the extent of fracture induced in the paint.</p>
QM7-X: A comprehensive dataset of quantum-mechanical properties spanning the chemical space of small organic molecules
<p>Here, we introduce QM7-X, a comprehensive dataset of > 40 physicochemical properties for ~4.2 M equilibrium and non-equilibrium structures of small organic molecules with up to seven non-hydrogen (C, N, O, S, Cl) atoms. To span this fundamentally important region of chemical compound space (CCS), QM7-X includes an exhaustive sampling of (meta-)stable equilibrium structures---comprised of constitutional/structural isomers and stereoisomers, e.g., enantiomers and diastereomers (including cis-trans-and conformational isomers)---as well as 100 non-equilibrium structural variations thereof to reach a total of ~4.2 M molecular structures. Computed at the tightly converged quantum-mechanical PBE0+MBD level of theory, QM7-X contains global (molecular) and local (atom-in-a-molecule) properties ranging from ground state quantities (such as atomization energies and dipole moments) to response quantities (such as polarizability tensors and dispersion coefficients). By providing a systematic, extensive, and tightly converged dataset of quantum-mechanically computed physical and chemical properties, we expect that QM7-X will play a critical role in the development of next-generation machine-learning based models for exploring greater swaths of CCS and performing <em>in silico</em> design of molecules with targeted properties.</p> <p>The dataset is provided in eight HDF5 based files (compressed in .XZ files). One can also find here a README file with technical usage details and examples of how to access the information stored in the dataset (see createDB.py). </p> <p>*The paper explaining the generation of data stored in QM7-X can be found in <em>Sci Data</em> 8, 43 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00812-2 . arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15139 .</p>
First motion data and focal mechanism solutions of 108 earthquakes occurred between 1928 and 2019 in the Southeastern Alps
<p>This dataset contains the P-wave polarities readings (FPS_polarities_input.zip) and the focal mechanisms (FPFIT_solution.pdf, FPFIT_solution.csv) obtained by the FPFIT algorithm (Reasenberger and Oppenheimer, 1985) of 108 earthquakes with 1.9 ≤ M<sub> </sub>≤ 4.8 occurring between 1928 and 2019 in the Southeastern Alps area (latitude 45°N-47.5°N and longitude 10°E-15°E). The preferred solution for each earthquake has been reported in the focal mechanism catalogue of Saraò et al. (2020).</p> <p>The first polarities used to compute the focal mechanisms were manually picked from seismograms of the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS) northeastern Italy seismic and deformation network (Priolo et al., 2005; Bragato et al., 2011, Bragato et al., 2020)or extracted from the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre the Seismological Bulletin of Slovenia. The polarities were also read from the seismograms archived in various Italian and European seismological observatories, many of which are no longer operating (Osservatorio meteorico-sismico nel Seminario - Chiavari; ENEL, Osservatorio Ximeniano - Florence, Osservatorio Astronomico "Brera" -Milan, &nbspDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Padova - Padua,;Osservatorio S. Domenico – Prato, Osservatorio meteoro-sismico nel Santuario di N.S. - Oropa, Osservatorio Bina - Perugia, Osservatorio "Valerio"- Pesaro, Osservatorio meteorico-sismico nel Collegio Alberoni - Piacenza, Osservatorio Meteorico Istituto Fisica - University of Siena,Sismografi Lungo Periodo di Mantovani (Bologna, Bolzano, Grosseto, Naples, Olbia, Palermo, Turin), Osservatorio meteorico-sismico nel Seminario Maggiore - Treviso, Osservatorio meteorico-sismico nel Seminario Patriarcale – Venice, Ljubljana, Munich, Stuttgart, Vienna).</p> <p>For more details</p> <p>Saraò, A., Sugan, M., Bressan, G., Renner, G., and Restivo, A.: A focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928–2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-369, in review, 2021.</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Bragato, P.L., Di Bartolomeo, P., Pesaresi, D., Plasencia Linares, M., and Saraò A.: Acquiring, archiving, analyzing and exchanging seismic data in real time at the Seismological Research Center of the OGS in Italy, Ann. Geophys. 54, 67–75, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4958, 2011.</p> <p>Bragato P.L., P. Comelli, A. Saraò, D. Zuliani, L. Moratto, V. Poggi, G. Rossi, C. Scaini, M. Sugan, C. Barnaba, P. Bernardi, M. Bertoni, G. Bressan, A. Compagno, P. Di Bartolomeo, E. Del Negro, P. Fabris, M. Garbin, M. Grossi, A. Magrin, E. Magrin, D. Pesaresi, B. Petrovic, M.P. Plasencia Linares, M. Romanelli, A. Snidarcig, L. Tunini, S. Urban, E. Venturini and S. Parolai (2020). The OGS- North-Eastern Italy Seismic and Deformation Network: current status and outlook. Submitted to Seism. Res. Lett. </p> <p>Priolo, E., Barnaba, C., Bernardi, P., Bernardis, G., Bragato, P.L., Bressan, G., Candido, M., Cazzador, E., Di Bartolomeo, P., Durì, G., Gentili, S., Govoni, A., Klinc, P., Kravanja, S., Laurenzano, G., Lovisa, L., Marotta, P., Michelini, A., Ponton F., Restivo, A., Romanelli, A., Snidarcig, A., Urban, S., Vuan, A., Zuliani, D.: Seismic monitoring in northeastern Italy: A ten-year experience, Seismol. Res. Lett., 76, 446–454, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.76.4.446, 2005.</p> <p>Reasenberg, P., Oppenheimer, D.: FPFIT, FPPLOT and FPPAGE: Fortran computer programs for calculating and displaying earthquake fault-plane solutions, Open-File Rep., 85-739, USGS, Menlo Park, 109 pp., 1985.</p> <p>Saraò A., Sugan M., Bressan G., Renner G., Restivo A., 2020: Focal mechanisms of Southeastern Alps and surroundings, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4284971 .</p>
Dataset for publication Cuevas K., Chougan M., Martin F., Ghaffar SH, Stephan D., Sikora P. 3D printable lightweight cementitious composites with incorporated waste glass aggregates and expanded microspheres – Rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Journal of Building Engineering (2021) 44, 102718
<p>Dataset consisting of G-code for 3D mortar specimen's printing path and particle size distribution (Origin file) of materials used in the study Cuevas K., Chougan M., Martin F., Ghaffar SH, Stephan D., Sikora P. 3D printable lightweight cementitious composites with incorporated waste glass aggregates and expanded microspheres – Rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Journal of Building Engineering (2021) 44, 102718. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102718">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102718</a></p>
An elaborate data set on human gait and the effect of mechanical perturbations
<p>This data set includes measurements during trials of human walking on a treadmill with a movable base intended to provide data rich in content for the identification of the human's control system. The primary experiments were designed to longitudinally perturb the subject at the ground contact by randomly accelerating the belt. The marker locations (treadmill and human), treadmill accelerations, treadmill belt speeds, and the forces and moments from the dual force plates were measured during the trials.</p> <p>PeerJ Article: https://peerj.com/articles/918</p> <p>PeerJ Preprint: https://peerj.com/preprints/700/</p> <p>Paper source repository: https://github.com/csu-hmc/perturbed-data-paper</p>
Using coupled micropillar compression and micro-Laue diffraction to investigate deformation mechanisms in a complex metallic alloy Al13Co4
<p>In this investigation, we have used <em>in-situ</em> micro-Laue diffraction combined with micropillar compression of focused ion beam milled Al<sub>13</sub>Co<sub>4</sub> complex metallic alloy to study the evolution of deformation in Al<sub>13</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>. Streaking of the Laue spots showed that the onset of plastic flow occured at stresses as low as 0.8 GPa, although macroscopic yield only becomes apparent at 2 GPa. The measured misorientations, obtained from peak splitting, enabled the geometrically necessary dislocation density to be estimated as 1.1 x 10<sup>13</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>.</p>
Drug Mechanism of Action Target Database
<p>First release contains data from March 2016 release of DrugCentral database.</p>
Mechanical Response of Foams: Elasticity, Plasticity, and Rearrangements (Supplemental Material)
<p>Supplemental material to <a href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/40902"><em>Mechanical Response of Foams: Elasticity, Plasticity, and Rearrangements</em>; hdl:1887/40902</a>. The supplemental material consists of 9 videos:</p> <p><strong>S1, S2</strong><br /> Two examples of foam under shear, φ = 0.85 (S1) and φ = 1.25 (S2). The foam is sheared from s<sub>CD</sub> = − 0.2 to s<sub>CD</sub> = + 0.2 at γ̇=3 × 10<sup>−5</sup> /s. Time and a scale bar are indicated in the top right; the video is sped up 250× .<br /> <br /> <strong>S3,S4</strong><br /> Difference imaging for direct (top) and affine-corrected (bottom) images, for the same systems as in S1 and S2. Both the real space (left) and difference images (right) are shown. The direct difference images are dominated by the affine deformation, while the affine-corrected difference images highlight the nonaffine motion in the system.</p> <p><strong>S5,S6</strong><br /> Tracked particle trajectories for the same systems as in S1 and S2. Particle trajectories are indicated using white curves. Left: direct tracking data, right: affine-corrected tracking data.</p> <p><strong>S7</strong><br /> Compression of a foam from φ = 0.77to φ = 1.41 under ε̇ = − 3 × 10<sup>−5</sup> /s. (left) Real space image; (right) from top to bottom: flame graph and log<sub>10</sub> A and β from the power law fit Eq. (4.21). Time is indicated on the top left, φ is indicated at the bottom left. With increasing confinement, we observe a transition from fully smooth to fully intermittent behavior.</p> <p><br /> <strong>S8,S9</strong><br /> Two examples of foam under shear, φ = 0.9 (S8) and φ = 1.5 (S9). The foam is sheared from s<sub>CD</sub> = −0.2 to s<sub>CD</sub> = +0.2 at γ̇=3 × 10<sup>−5</sup> /s. At low density, A ≈ 10<sup>−6</sup> and β ≈ 1.6 are fairly constant, while we can clearly distinguish the quiet and active periods for the high density foam.</p>
Data of the publication: Optical Line Width Broadening Mechanisms at the 10 kHz Level in Eu3+:Y2O3 Nanoparticles by J.G. Bartholomew et al.
<p>Data corresponding to the figures of the publication "Optical Line Width Broadening Mechanisms at the 10 kHz Level in Eu3+:Y2O3 Nanoparticles" by J.G. Bartholomew et al. (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03949). A text file describes data in each compressed folder, please refer to the caption in the publication for more details. </p>
Integrative spatial omics reveals distinct tumor-promoting multicellular niches and immunosuppressive mechanisms in African American and European American patients with TNBC (Spatial Transcriptomic 10X Visium portion)
<p>Racial disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) outcomes have been reported. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these disparities remain unclear. We integrated imaging mass cytometry and spatial transcriptomics, to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of African American (AA) and European American (EA) patients with TNBC. The TME in AA patients was characterized by interactions between endothelial cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal-like cells, which were associated with poor patient survival. In contrast, the EA TNBC-associated niche is enriched in T-cells and neutrophils suggestive of an exhaustion and suppression of otherwise active T cell responses. Ligand-receptor and pathway analyses of race-associated niches found AA TNBC to be “immune cold” and hence immunotherapy resistant tumors, and EA TNBC as ‘inflamed’ tumors that evolved a distinctive immunosuppressive mechanism. Our study revealed the presence of racially distinct tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive microenvironments in AA and EA patients with TNBC, which may explain the poor clinical outcomes.</p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset contains the 10X Visium Spatial Transcriptomic data of TNBC patients. There are two cohorts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Baylor Scott and White (BSW) cohort</strong>: <strong>10x.visium.tar.gz</strong>, containing 10 patients with TNBC from Baylor Scott and White affiliated Hospital. </p> <p>Each sample is made of Space Ranger processed spot-separated gene expression data (processed to HDF5 AnnData file). There are also H&E images, and spot coordinate files available. </p> <p> </p> <p>For <strong>Georgia validation cohort</strong>, 400 genes used for validation of ESG signatures (associated with BA-Community 1 and WA-Community-1) were obtained and provided by Ritu Aneja's lab. These 400 genes' spot-based expression data across Black and White TNBC patients are provided. See file <strong>georgia.validation.visium.tar.gz</strong>. Expression was normalized by total counts per spot, followed by log-normalization by Giotto.</p> <p> </p> <p>As well in our paper, we integrated a published racial TNBC cohort for deriving some of initial results in the paper. This refers to the Bassiouni et al (Cancer Research) paper in Carpten's group. <strong>GSM_giotto_processed.tar.gz</strong> refers to this dataset, which we deposit here. The data were normalized by Giotto using standard procedure.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.