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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

The Relationship between LRP5 (rs556442 and rs638051) Polymorphisms and Mutation with Bone Metabolism in Xinjiang women with Type 2 Diabetes after Menopause(Table 1 and Table 2 Statistical Values of Analysis Process)

The Relationship between LRP5 (rs556442 and rs638051) Polymorphisms and Mutation with Bone Metabolism in Xinjiang women with Type 2 Diabetes after Menopause(Table 1 and Table 2 Statistical Values of Analysis Process)

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2017View details →

Single molecule, full-length transcript sequencing provides insight into the extreme metabolism of ruby-throated hummingbird Archilochus colubris

Hummingbirds can support their high metabolic rates exclusively by oxidizing ingested sugars, which is unsurprising given their sugar-rich nectar diet and use of energetically expensive hovering flight. However, they cannot rely on dietary sugars as a fuel during fasting periods, such as during the night, at first light, or when undertaking long-distance migratory flights, and must instead rely exclusively on onboard lipids. This metabolic flexibility is remarkable both in that the birds can switch between exclusive use of each fuel type within minutes and in that de novo lipogenesis from dietary sugar precursors is the principle way in which fat stores are built, sometimes at exceptionally high rates, such as during the few days prior to a migratory flight. The hummingbird hepatopancreas is the principle location of de novo lipogenesis and likely plays a key role in fuel selection, fuel switching, and glucose homeostasis. Yet understanding how this tissue, and the whole organism, achieves and moderates high rates of energy turnover is hampered by a fundamental lack of information regarding how genes coding for relevant enzymes differ in their sequence, expression, and regulation in these unique animals. To address this knowledge gap, we generated a de novo transcriptome of the hummingbird liver using PacBio full-length cDNA sequencing (Iso-Seq), yielding a total of 8.6Gb of sequencing data, or 2.6M reads from 4 different size fractions. We analyzed data using the SMRTAnalysis v3.1 Iso-Seq pipeline, including classification of reads and clustering of isoforms (ICE) followed by error-correction (Arrow). We performed orthology analysis to identify closely related sequences between our transcriptome and other avian and human gene sets. We also aligned our transcriptome against the Calypte anna genome where possible. Finally, we closely examined homology of critical lipid metabolic genes between our transcriptome data and avian and human genomes. We confirmed high levels of sequence divergence within hummingbird lipogenic enzymes, suggesting a high probability of adaptive divergent function in the lipogenic liver pathways. Our results have leveraged cutting-edge technology and a novel bioinformatics pipeline to provide a compelling first direct look at the transcriptome of this incredible organism.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Depletion of cap-binding protein eIF4E dysregulates amino acid metabolic gene expression

Protein synthesis is metabolically costly and must be tightly coordinated with changing cellular needs and nutrient availability. The cap-binding protein eIF4E makes the earliest contact between mRNAs and the translation machinery, offering a key regulatory nexus. We acutely depleted this essential protein and found surprisingly modest effects on cell growth and recovery of protein synthesis. Paradoxically, impaired protein biosynthesis upregulated genes involved in catabolism of aromatic amino acidssimultaneously with the induction of the amino acid biosynthetic regulon driven by the integrated stress response factor GCN4. We further identified translational control of PCL5, a negative regulator of Gcn4, that provides a consistent protein-to-mRNA ratio under varied translation environments. This regulation depended in part on a uniquely long poly-(A) tract in the PCL5 5´ UTR and poly-(A) binding protein. Collectively, these results highlight how eIF4E connects protein synthesis to metabolic gene regulation,uncovering new mechanisms controlling translation during environmental challenges.

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Data from: Individual energetics scale up to community coexistence: Movement, metabolism and biodiversity dynamics in fragmented landscapes

Unraveling the intricate mechanisms that govern community coexistence remains a daunting challenge, particularly amidst ongoing environmental change. To understand the response of individual animals to environmental change, physiology and individual metabolism are often studied. However, this perspective is currently largely lacking in community ecology. We argue that the integration of individual metabolism into community theory can offer new insights into coexistence. We present the first individual-based metabolic community model for a terrestrial mammal community to simulate energy dynamics and home range behavior in different environments. Using this model, we investigate how ecologically similar species coexist and maintain their energy balance under food competition. Only if individuals of different species are able to balance their incoming and outgoing energy over the long-term will they be able to coexist. After thoroughly testing and validating the model against real-world patterns such as of home range dynamics and field metabolic rates, we applied it as a case study to scenarios of habitat fragmentation - a widely discussed topic in biodiversity research. First, comparing single-species simulations with community simulations, we find that the effect of habitat fragmentation on populations is strongly context-dependent. While populations of species living alone in the landscape were mostly positively affected by fragmentation, the diversity of a community of species was highest under medium fragmentation scenarios. Under medium fragmentation, energy balance and reproductive investment were also most similar among species. We therefore suggest that similarity in energy balance among species promotes coexistence. We argue that energetics should be part of community ecology theory, as the relative energetic status and reproductive investment can reveal why and under what environmental conditions coexistence is likely to occur. As a result, landscapes can potentially be protected and designed to maximize coexistence. The metabolic community model presented here can be a promising tool to investigate other scenarios of environmental change or other species communities to further disentangle global change effects and preserve biodiversity.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Fig. 6 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 6: Maxiumum growth rate determination of all temperatures, light intensities and nutrient concentrations.

Fig. 5 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 5: Entomoneis sp biomass (Chl a, µg /L) under different N/P ratios and light intensities (a) representing growth under T1°C (b) T2°C (c) and T3°C.

Fig. 2 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 2: 3D response surface plot and contour line of Box– Behnken Design showing the mutual effect of temperature and light intensity on chlorophyll a concentration (µg/L) of Entomoneis sp. using an N/P ratio of 11.

Fig. 3 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 3: 3D response surface plot and contour line of Box– Behnken Design showing the mutual effect of temperature and light intensity on growth rate (day-1) of Entomoneis sp. using an N/P ratio of 4.4.

Fig. 4 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 4: 3D response surface plot and contour line of Box– Behnken Design showing the mutual effect of temperature and light intensity on growth rate (day-1) of Entomoneis sp. using an N/P ratio of 27.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2003View details →

Figure 1 in Circadian and seasonal variations in the metabolism of carbohydrates in Aegla ligulata (Crustacea: Anomura: Aeglidae)

Figure 1. Circadian and seasonal variations of haemolymphatic glucose levels in Aegla ligulata Bond-Buckup and Buckup, 1994, males and females. Data are given as mean ± SEM. The number of animals at each point varied between 15 and 20. The same letter denotes significantly different means (P<0.05). * denotes significantly different means of the spring (Sep, Oct and Nov), winter (Jun, Jul and Aug), summer (Dec, Jan and Feb) and autumn (Mar, Apr and May). Numbers 1, 2 and 3 stand for the collection times: 0600, 1200 and 1800 h, respectively.

Figure 5 in Confirmation and differential metabolism associated with quinclorac resistance in smooth crabgrass (Digitorio ischoemum)

Figure 5. Amount of quinclorac (mg g−1 plant, mean ± SE) detected by liquid chromatography–diode array detector (DAD) in extracts of plants (aerial parts) from susceptible (SMT2) and two resistant (MSU1 and MSU2) Digitorio ischoemum populations, with previous application of 2 kg malathion ha−1 followed by 0.84 kg quinclorac ha−1 (QM), 0.84 kg quinclorac ha−1 (Q1X), no application of quinclorac or malathion (Q0X), and application of 2 kg malathion ha−1 alone (M), evaluated at 72 and 168 h after treatment (HAT). Means within an evaluation time and treatment with the same capital letter are not significantly different at the 5% level as determined by Fisher's protected least significant difference (LSD) test; means for the same population and evaluation time with the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% level as determined by the LSD test.

Figure 4. Specific glutathione S-transferase activity changes toward 1 in Confirmation and differential metabolism associated with quinclorac resistance in smooth crabgrass (Digitorio ischoemum)

Figure 4. Specific glutathione S-transferase activity changes toward 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene in Digitorio ischoemum tissues after (A) 0.84 kg quinclorac ha−1 or (B) 7.56 kg quinclorac ha−1. Data were expressed as a percentage change of the nontreated. Values are presented as mean ± SE. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. R, resistant; S, susceptible.

Figure 2 in Confirmation and differential metabolism associated with quinclorac resistance in smooth crabgrass (Digitorio ischoemum)

Figure 2. Aboveground dry mass of susceptible and resistant Digitorio ischoemum at 28 d after treatment. The D. ischoemum was at the 3-leaf stage of growth when herbicide was applied. Data were expressed as a percentage decrease of the mean dry mass of the nontreated control. Error bars show the standard error of the mean. R, resistant; S, susceptible.

Figure 1 in Confirmation and differential metabolism associated with quinclorac resistance in smooth crabgrass (Digitorio ischoemum)

Figure 1. Visual control of susceptible and resistant Digitorio ischoemum crabgrass at 28 d after treatment. The crabgrass was at the three-leaf stage of growth when herbicide was applied. Control was visually assessed on a 0%–100% scale (0% = no plant death; 100% = complete plant death). The data were normalized relative to the nontreated control. Error bars show the standard error of the mean. R, resistant; S, susceptible.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

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Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish

Social interactions can sometimes be a source of stress, but social companions can also ameliorate and buffer against stress. Stress and metabolism are closely linked, but the degree to which social companions modulate metabolic responses during stressful situations—and whether such effects differ depending on social rank—is poorly understood. To investigate this question, we studied Neolamprologus pulcher, a group-living cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika, and measured the metabolic responses of dominant and subordinate individuals when they were either visible or concealed from one another. When individuals could see each other, subordinates had lower maximum metabolic rates and tended to take longer to recover following an exhaustive chase compared to dominants. In contrast, metabolic responses of dominants and subordinates did not differ when individuals could not see one another. These findings suggest that the presence of a dominant individual has negative metabolic consequences for subordinates, even in stable social groups with strong prosocial relationships.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Phosphoglycerate kinase is a central leverage point in Parkinson's Disease driven neuronal metabolic deficits

Although certain drivers of familial Parkinson’s Disease (PD) compromise mitochondrial integrity, whether metabolic deficits underly other idiopathic or genetic origins of PD is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PGK1, a gene in the PARK12 susceptibility locus,  is rate limiting in neuronal glycolysis and that modestly increasing PGK1 expression significantly boosts  neuronal ATP production kinetics that is sufficient to suppress PARK20-driven synaptic dysfunction. We found that his activity enhancement depends on the molecular chaperone PARK7/DJ-1, whose loss of function significantly disrupts axonal bioenergetics. In-vivo, viral expression of PGK1 confers protection of striatal DA axons against metabolic lesions. These data support the notion that bioenergetic deficits may underpin PD associated pathologies and point to improving neuronal ATP production kinetics as a promising path forward in PD therapeutics.

Figure 3 in Confirmation and differential metabolism associated with quinclorac resistance in smooth crabgrass (Digitorio ischoemum)

Figure 3. Cyanide content of susceptible and resistant Digitorio ischoemum at 3 d after treatment. Data were expressed as a percentage increase of the mean control. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. R, resistant; S, susceptible.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 4 in Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit?

Figure 4. Activity of the catalase enzyme in leaf (A) and root (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 µM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 µM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1 st P0), second null photosynthesis (2nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 1 in Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit?

Figure 1. Photosynthetic rate (A) – (A), transpiration rate (E); (B) and water use efficiency (A/E); (C) as a function of the evaluation days of Ormosia arborea irrigated seedlings (I and I 10 µM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 µM ABA). Continuous vertical line indicates the periods of evaluation: time zero (T0), first null photosynthesis (1st P0), second null photosynthesis (2nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END).