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203 results for “morphological adaptations”
Figure 4 in The shape of water: adaptations of cochlea morphology in seals and oưers
Figure 4. Comparison of tympanic membrane, oval window, and round window areas of terrestrial and aquatic Caniformia. A, the areas of the tympanum, oval window, and round window (N = 33) correlate with body length in terrestrial (green dots, N = 19) and aquatic (blue dots, N = 14) taxa. B, when the membrane areas are size-corrected, only the oval window areas correlate (not strongly) negatively with head-bodylength. C, we also tested for the median difference plots are themselves a visual testing method as described in Ho et al.. When the unpaired median differences between aquatic and terrestrial Caniformia differ from zero, this points to a clear effect size between the two groups (Ho et al., 2019). This is found for the tympanal membrane area that is smaller in aquatic Caniformia and the round window area that is larger in aquatic Caniformia. The unpaired median differences for the round window area were not exactly 0, but they were very close, indicating that if there is an effect it is minimal.
Figure 3. Aquatic Caniformia have disc-shaped cochleae. A in The shape of water: adaptations of cochlea morphology in seals and oưers
Figure 3. Aquatic Caniformia have disc-shaped cochleae. A, exemplary wireframes made based on landmark coordinates along the cochleae of six taxa belonging to different subgroups (Mustelinae, Canidae, Lutrinae, Ursidae, Otariidae, and Phocidae). The arrangement in the graph corresponds to the PC1 vs. PC2 position in Figure 2. Aquatic Caniformia (blue cochleae) with negative PC1 and positive PC2 values have a compressed disc-shaped cochlea with a small number of turns. An increase in the number of turns correlates with the increase of PC1 values, from negative PC1 values with a small number of turns to positive PC1 values with a high number of turns (green shaded area). Further, the shape of the cochlea changes with negative PC2 values, a pyramid cochlea shape is found for Ursus maritimus and Enhydra lutris (semi-aquatic). With positive PC1 and PC2 values, cochleae are tower shaped (terrestrial, Mustela nivalis and Vulpes vulpes as representatives for mustelids and canids). B, Boxplot of the body size corrected centroid size for three different phylogenetic groups: Lutrinae (light blue, N = 7 species), terrestrial Musteloidea/Canidae/Ursidae (green, N = 21 species), and Pinnipedia (dark blue, N = 10 species). C, correlation analysis between PC1 values and the number of cochlear turns shows a clear positive relationship between an increasing PC1 value and the number of turns. The colour code is the same as in Figure 1. * = P ≤ 0.05, ** = P ≤ 0.01, **** = P ≤ 0.0001).
Figure 7. Bridging cochlea shape with audiogram data. A in The shape of water: adaptations of cochlea morphology in seals and oưers
Figure 7. Bridging cochlea shape with audiogram data. A, examples of audiograms of the same taxa as in Figure 3 (see Supporting Information, Table S1 for audiogram sources). B, linear regression of the relative cross-section area of the first turn and CF, with a significant result for terrestrial species and the combined data of all animals. C, CF and cochlea base width are negatively correlated in terrestrial species and Caniformia in general. D, linear regression for relative cochlea centroid size and CF exhibits significant correlation for terrestrial animals and the combined dataset. E, correlation for the relative distance between the tympanic sulcus and the oval window and CF results in a clustering by habitat with very liưle overlap and clear negative correlation significant for both groups. Legend: ** = P ≤ 0.01, *** = P ≤ 0.001, **** = P ≤ 0.0001.
Data from: Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting
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Data from: Lizards on newly created islands independently and rapidly adapt in morphology and diet
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Data from: Does thermal plasticity align with local adaptation? – An interspecific comparison of wing morphology in sepsid flies
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Data from: Adaptive morphological shifts to novel habitats in marine sculpin fishes
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Data from: The adaptive genomic landscape of beak morphology in Darwin’s finches
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Data from: Male clasping ability, female polymorphism and sexual conflict: fine-scale elytral morphology as a sexually antagonistic adaptation in female diving beetles
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Down feather morphology reflects adaptation to habitat and thermal conditions across the avian phylogeny
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Data from: Matrix correspondence tests on the DNA phylogeny of the Tenerife lacertid elucidate both historical causes and morphological adaptation
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Data from: Detection of environmental and morphological adaptation despite high landscape genetic connectivity in a pest grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)
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Morphological adaptation to avoid downstream displacement in juvenile landlocked salmon
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Polygenic basis for adaptive morphological variation in a threatened Aotearoa | New Zealand bird, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta)
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Data from: Scale-dependent adaptive evolution and morphological convergence to climatic niche in Californian eriogonoids (Polygonaceae)
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Changes in key traits versus depth and latitude suggest energy-efficient locomotion, opportunistic feeding and light lead to adaptive morphologies of marine fishes.
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Data from: Crater lake habitat predicts morphological diversity in adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes
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Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths
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Data from: Testing the divergent adaptation of two congeneric tree species on a rainfall gradient using eco-physio-morphological traits
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Data from: Vegetation as self-adaptive coastal protection: reduction of current velocity and morphologic plasticity of a brackish marsh pioneer
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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