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190 results for “multiple scales”
Data from: Allegory of a cave crustacean: systematic and biogeographic reality of Halosbaena (Peracarida: Thermosbaenacea) sought with molecular data at multiple scales
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Data from: A molecular genetic time scale demonstrates Cretaceous origins and multiple diversification rate shifts within the order Galliformes (Aves)
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Data from: Ant diversity in Neotropical savannas: hierarchical processes acting at multiple spatial scales
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Data from: From animal tracks to fine-scale movement modes: a straightforward approach for identifying multiple, spatial movement patterns
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Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales
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Data from: Grains of connectivity: analysis at multiple spatial scales in landscape genetics
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Data from: Tree diversity across multiple scales and environmental heterogeneity promote ecosystem multifunctionality in a large temperate forest region
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Urbanisation lowers great tit (Parus major) breeding success at multiple spatial scales
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Dataset on Article: Multiple stressors determine river ecological status at the European scale: Towards an integrated understanding of river status deterioration
<p>The shape file contains the raw data from the Global Change Biology article "River types, hydrology, riparian land use, nutrients, toxic substances, ecological status, stressor interactions". </p> <p><strong>General Information</strong></p> <p>Name of the dataset: MultipleStress_RiverEcoStatus.shp</p> <p>Type of dataset: vector data (shape file)</p> <p>Number of polygons: 52.847</p> <p>Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong></p> <p>Metadata / scientific contact person:</p> <p> First, last name: Sebastian Birk</p> <p> Email: <a href="mailto:sebastian.birk@uni-due.de">sebastian.birk@uni-due.de</a></p> <p> Institution: University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology</p> <p> Address: Universitätsstrasse 5</p> <p> Postal code, city: 45141 Essen</p> <p> Country: Germany</p> <p> Web address: <a href="https://www.uni-due.de/aquatic_ecology/">https://www.uni-due.de/aquatic_ecology/</a></p> <p><strong>Attribute description</strong></p> <p><strong>m_zhyd_1</strong></p> <ul> <li>Unique identifier of FEC (Functional Elementary Catchment)</li> <li>Data structure: character</li> </ul> <p><strong>mars_bt12</strong></p> <ul> <li>Broad river type aggregated</li> <li>Data structure: character</li> </ul> <p><strong>eco_stat_2</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ecological status (class)</li> <li>Data structure: character</li> </ul> <p><strong>eco_stat_n</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ecological status (numeric class)</li> <li>Data structure: integer</li> </ul> <p><strong>LoadTPArea</strong></p> <ul> <li>Total phosphorous riverine loading (unit: kg km<sup>-2</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>LoadTN_Are</strong></p> <ul> <li>Total nitrogen riverine loading (unit: kg ha<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>lu_r_urb</strong></p> <ul> <li>Percent urban land use in the riparian zone</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>lu_r_agr</strong></p> <ul> <li>Percent agricultural land use in the riparian zone</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>hy_maf_abs</strong></p> <ul> <li>Alteration of mean annual flow (ratio scale)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>hy_bfi_abs</strong></p> <ul> <li>Alteration of base flow (ratio scale)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>msPAFP5EC5</strong></p> <ul> <li>Multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction of species (msPAF-EC<sub>50</sub> based on 95<sup>th</sup> percentile)</li> <li>Decimal separator: comma</li> <li>Data structure: double</li> </ul> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>For more details on the dataset, see</p> <p>(Manuscript accepted, wating for publication at the moment)<br> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>This work was funded by the MARS project (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water resources under multiple stress), funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, contract no. 603378.</p>
Multiple-scale negative impacts of warming on ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Tibetan Plateau grasslands
<div> <p><strong>Aim:</strong> Ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUEe) is a core parameter of ecosystem process models, but its relationships with climate are still uncertain, especially for ecosystems with harsh environments. High inconsistencies in climate impacts on the CUEe have been reported among various spatial scales. The goal of this study was to examine whether warming promotes or restricts the CUEe and whether the CUEe responds to a warming gradient in a linear or nonlinear manner.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Tibetan Plateau.</p> <p><strong>Time period:</strong> 2000-2018.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied: </strong>Alpine grassland ecosystem.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We integrated multiple-source data of carbon fluxes and CUEe, including warming experiments at a site scale, eddy covariance observations at a landscape scale and synthesized warming experiments and ecosystem process models at a regional scale. Next, we deployed a statistical model to examine the warming impacts on the CUEe across scales; the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the CUEe and its components were summarized based on the results of Standardized Major Axis Tests and Routines, structural equation modeling and nonlinear models.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>This study reported a suppressive warming impact on the CUEe, which followed a nonlinear curve with severe inhibition in the high-level warming treatment. With a warming threshold of 1.5-2.0 °C, CUEe response patterns transitioned from no change to a significant decrease. The restriction effects can be ascribed to the joint adverse and asymmetric effects of warming on CUEe components under multiple-level warming. Warming-modified relationships among CUEe components and the nonlinear effects of biotic and abiotic factors led to the nonlinear responses of CUEe to warming.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This study revealed suppressive and nonlinear effects of warming on the CUEe, including especially dramatic CUEe decreases with high-level warming. These findings are critical for optimizing model parameters and improving predictions of the carbon sequestration capacity of alpine grasslands.</p> </div>
Local recruitment in Northern Flickers is related to environmental factors at multiple scales and provides reproductive benefits to yearling breeders settling close to home
<p>Natal dispersal and local recruitment are affected by factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to juveniles and may affect fitness. Understanding the relationship between dispersal and population density in birds has been hindered by a lack of long-term studies and a focus on resident species has neglected the role of weather operating at large spatial scales. I studied local recruitment and the reproductive consequences of natal dispersal distance within a population of Northern Flickers (<i>Colaptes auratus</i>), a migratory woodpecker. During a field study spanning 16 years in British Columbia, 8272 fledglings were banded and 138 males and 105 females recruited locally. Average annual local recruitment rate for males (3.36%) was greater than for females (2.55%) and propensity to recruit locally was positively correlated with an early hatch date and high body condition. Annual local recruitment was not associated with population density in the year of hatch but was positively correlated with population density in the year of settlement. Local recruitment was also positively correlated with warmer springs during migration consistent with the phenology hypothesis. Among local recruits, natal dispersal distance was independent of the presence of parents and so dispersal was not a behavior to prevent inbreeding. However, settling closer to the natal site led to reproductive benefits in terms of earlier laying dates and better nest success. Therefore, juveniles may gain useful information about the location of nesting substrates, predation risk, and patchy food resources by exploring the landscape around their natal site during the post-fledging period and then settling in the familiar area after returning from migration.</p>
Data from: Multiple scaling behavior and nonlinear traits in music scores
We present a statistical analysis of music scores from different composers using detrended fluctuation analysis. We find different fluctuation profiles that correspond to distinct auto-correlation structures of the musical pieces. Further, we reveal evidence for the presence of nonlinear auto-correlations by estimating the detrended fluctuation analysis of the magnitude series, a result validated by a corresponding study of appropriate surrogate data. The amount and the character of nonlinear correlations vary from one composer to another. Finally, we performed a simple experiment in order to evaluate the pleasantness of the musical surrogate pieces in comparison with the original music and find that nonlinear correlations could play an important role in the aesthetic perception of a musical piece.
Data from: Stable coexistence of genetically divergent Atlantic cod ecotypes at multiple spatial scales
Coexistence in the same habitat of closely related yet genetically different populations is a phenomenon that challenges our understanding of local population structure and adaptation. Identifying the underlying mechanisms for such coexistence can yield new insight into adaptive evolution, diversification, and the potential for organisms to adapt and persist in response to a changing environment. Recent studies have documented cryptic, sympatric populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal areas. We analyzed genetic origin of 6483 individual cod sampled annually over 14 years from 125 locations along the Norwegian Skagerrak coast and document stable coexistence of two genetically divergent Atlantic cod ecotypes throughout the study area and study period. A 'fjord' ecotype dominated in numbers deep inside fjords while a 'North Sea' ecotype was the only type found in offshore North Sea. Both ecotypes coexisted in similar proportions throughout coastal habitats at all spatial scales. The size-at-age of the North Sea ecotype on average exceeded that of the fjord ecotype by 20% in length and 80% in weight across all habitats. Different growth and size among individuals of the two types might be one of several ecologically significant variables that allow for stable coexistence of closely related populations within the same habitat. Management plans, biodiversity initiatives, and other mitigation strategies that do not account for the mixture of species ecotypes are unlikely to meet objectives related to the sustainability of fish and fisheries.
Data from: An evaluation of transcriptome-based exon capture for frog phylogenomics across multiple scales of divergence (Class: Amphibia, Order: Anura)
Custom sequence capture experiments are becoming an efficient approach for gathering large sets of orthologous markers in nonmodel organisms. Transcriptome-based exon capture utilizes transcript sequences to design capture probes, typically using a reference genome to identify intron–exon boundaries to exclude shorter exons (<200 bp). Here, we test directly using transcript sequences for probe design, which are often composed of multiple exons of varying lengths. Using 1260 orthologous transcripts, we conducted sequence captures across multiple phylogenetic scales for frogs, including outgroups ~100 Myr divergent from the ingroup. We recovered a large phylogenomic data set consisting of sequence alignments for 1047 of the 1260 transcriptome-based loci (~561 000 bp) and a large quantity of highly variable regions flanking the exons in transcripts (~70 000 bp), the latter improving substantially by only including ingroup species (~797 000 bp). We recovered both shorter (<100 bp) and longer exons (>200 bp), with no major reduction in coverage towards the ends of exons. We observed significant differences in the performance of blocking oligos for target enrichment and nontarget depletion during captures, and differences in PCR duplication rates resulting from the number of individuals pooled for capture reactions. We explicitly tested the effects of phylogenetic distance on capture sensitivity, specificity, and missing data, and provide a baseline estimate of expectations for these metrics based on a priori knowledge of nuclear pairwise differences among samples. We provide recommendations for transcriptome-based exon capture design based on our results, cost estimates and offer multiple pipelines for data assembly and analysis.
Data from: Life history determines biogeographical patterns of soil bacterial communities over multiple spatial scales
The extent to which the distribution of soil bacteria is controlled by local environment versus spatial factors (e.g., dispersal, colonisation limitation, evolutionary events) is poorly understood and widely debated. Our understanding of biogeographic controls in microbial communities is likely hampered by the enormous environmental variability encountered across spatial scales and the broad diversity of microbial life histories. Here we constrained environmental factors (soil chemistry, climate, above-ground plant community) to investigate the specific influence of space, by fitting all other variables first, on bacterial communities in soils over distances from m to 102 km. We found strong evidence for a spatial component to bacterial community structure that varies with scale and organism life history (dispersal and survival ability). Geographic distance had no influence over community structure for organisms known to have survival stages, but the converse was true for organisms thought to be less hardy. Community function (substrate utilisation) was also shown to be highly correlated to community structure, but not to abiotic factors, suggesting non-stochastic determinants of community structure are important Our results support the view that bacterial soil communities are constrained by both edaphic factors and geographic distance, and further show that the relative importance of such constraints depends critically on the taxonomic resolution used to evaluate spatio-temporal patterns of microbial diversity, as well as life-history of the groups being investigated, much as is the case for macro-organisms.
Data from: Multiple processes drive genetic structure of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations across spatial scales
Elucidating patterns of population structure for species with complex life histories, and disentangling the processes driving such patterns, remains a significant analytical challenge. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations display complex genetic structures that have not been fully resolved at all spatial scales. We generated a data set of nuclear markers for 3,575 samples spanning the seven breeding stocks and substocks found in the South Atlantic and western and northern Indian Oceans. For the total sample, and males and females separately, we assessed genetic diversity, tested for genetic differentiation between putative populations and isolation by distance, estimated the number of genetic clusters without a priori population information, and estimated rates of gene flow using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. At the ocean basin scale, structure is governed by geographic distance (IBD p<0.05) and female fidelity to breeding areas, in line with current understanding of the drivers of broad-scale population structure. Consistent with previous studies, the Arabian Sea breeding stock was highly genetically differentiated (FST 0.034-0.161; p<0.01 for all comparisons). However, the breeding stock boundary between west South Africa and east Africa was more porous than expected based on genetic differentiation, cluster, and gene flow analyses. Instances of male-fidelity to breeding areas and relatively high rates of dispersal for females were also observed between the three substocks in the western Indian Ocean. This mismatch between demographic units and current management boundaries may have ramifications for assessments of the status and continued protections of populations still in recovery from commercial whaling.
Data set for "A large-scale integrated vector–matrix multiplication processor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide memories"
<p>Data accompanying the paper "A large-scale integrated vector–matrix multiplication processor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide memories" </p>
Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales
<p><span>Pathogens are embedded in multi-trophic food webs, which often include co-occurring cryptic species within the same pathogen complex. Nonetheless, we still lack an understanding of what dimensions of the ecological niche might allow these cryptic species to coexist. We explored the role of climate, host characteristics (tree autumn phenology) and attack by the fungal hyperparasite <em>Ampelomyces</em> (a group of fungi attacking plant pathogens) in defining the niches of three powdery mildew species (<em>Erysiphe alphitoides</em>, <em>E. hypophylla</em> and<em> E. quercicola</em>) within a cryptic pathogen complex on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur at the continental (Europe), national (Sweden and France) and landscape scales (a 5 km2 island in southwestern Finland). Previous studies have shown that climate separated the niches of three powdery mildew species (<em>E. alphitoides</em>, <em>E. hypophylla </em>and <em>E. quercicola</em>) in Europe and two species (<em>E. alphitoides </em>and <em>E. quercicola</em>) in France. In our study, we did not detect a significant relationship between temperature or precipitation and the distribution of <em>E. alphitoides </em>and <em>E. hypophylla</em> present in Sweden, while at the landscape scale, temperature, but not relative humidity, negatively affected disease incidence of <em>E. alphitoides</em> in an exceptionally warm year. Tree variation in autumn phenology did not influence disease incidence of powdery mildew species, and hyperparasite presence did not differ among powdery mildew species at the continental, national and landscape scale. Climate did not affect the distribution of the hyperparasite at the continental scale and at the national scale in Sweden. However, climate affected the hyperparasite distribution in France, with a negative relationship between non-growing season temperature and presence of the hyperparasite. Overall, our findings, in combination with earlier evidence, suggest that climatic factors are more important than species interactions in defining the niches of cryptic species within a pathogen complex on oak. </span></p>
Variation and correlation in the timing of breeding of North Atlantic seabirds across multiple scales
<p><span>Timing of breeding, an important driver of fitness in many populations, is widely studied in the context of global change, yet despite considerable efforts to identify environmental drivers of seabird nesting phenology, for most populations we lack evidence of strong drivers. Here we adopt an alternative approach, examining the degree to which different populations positively covary in their annual phenology to infer whether phenological responses to environmental drivers are likely to be (i) shared across species at a range of spatial scales, (ii) shared across populations of a species, or (iii) idiosyncratic to populations.</span></p> <p><span>We combined 51 long-term datasets on breeding phenology spanning 50 years from nine seabird species across 29 North Atlantic sites and examined </span><span>the extent to which different populations share early versus late breeding seasons depending on a hierarchy of spatial scales comprising breeding site, small-scale region, large-scale region and the whole North Atlantic. </span></p> <p><span>In about a third of cases we found laying dates of populations of different species sharing the same breeding site or small-scale breeding region were positively correlated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that they share phenological responses to the same environmental conditions. In comparison we found no evidence for positive phenological covariation among populations across species aggregated at larger spatial scales. </span></p> <p><span>In general we found little evidence for positive phenological covariation between populations of a single species, and in many instances the inter-year variation specific to a population was substantial, consistent with each population responding idiosyncratically to local environmental conditions. Black-legged kittiwake (<em>Rissa tridactyla</em>) was the exception, with populations exhibiting positive covariation in laying dates that decayed with the distance between breeding sites, suggesting that populations may be responding to a similar driver.</span></p> <p><span>Our approach sheds light on the potential factors that may drive phenology in our study species, thus furthering our understanding of the scales at which different seabirds interact with interannual variation in their environment. We also identify additional systems and phenological questions to which our inferential approach could be applied.</span></p>
Data from: Host behavior drives parasite genetics at multiple geographic scales: population genetics of the chewing louse, Thomomydoecus minor
Pocket gophers and their symbiotic chewing lice form a host–parasite assemblage known for a high degree of cophylogeny, thought to be driven by life history parameters of both host and parasite that make host switching difficult. However, little work to date has focused on determining whether these life histories actually impact louse populations at the very fine scale of louse infrapopulations (individuals on a single host) at the same or at nearby host localities. We used microsatellite and mtDNA sequence data to make comparisons of chewing-louse (Thomomydoecus minor) population subdivision over time and over geographic space where there are different potential amounts of host interaction surrounding a zone of contact between two hybridizing pocket-gopher subspecies. We found that chewing lice had high levels of population isolation consistent with a paucity of horizontal transmission even at the very fine geographic scale of a single alfalfa field. We also found marked genetic discontinuity in louse populations corresponding with host subspecies and little, if any, admixture in the louse genetic groups even though the lice are closely related. The correlation of louse infrapopulation differentiation with host interaction at multiple scales, including across a discontinuity in pocket-gopher habitat, suggests that host behaviour is the primary driver of parasite genetics. This observation makes sense in light of the life histories of both chewing lice and pocket gophers and provides a powerful explanation for the well-documented pattern of parallel cladogenesis in pocket gophers and chewing lice.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.