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Fig. 9 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 9. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes pilosus Lang, 1949. A–B, G–L. Lectotype, ♀ (SMNH-3930a). C–F, M. Paralectotype, ♂ (SMNH-3930b). A. Dorsal overview. B. Ventral overview. C. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. D. Segments 1 to 2, ventral view. E. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. F. Segments 2 to 4, ventral view. G. Segments 6 to 7, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 3 to 5, dorsal view. I. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view. J. Segments 7 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11, ventrolateral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. L. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view but deeper focal plane than (I). M. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 6 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978. A–C, E, K. ♂ (HY, personal reference collection). D, F–J. ♀ (HY, personal reference collection). A. Lateral overview. B. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 2, ventrolateral view. D. Segments 5 to 8, subdorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 7, lateral view. F. Segments 6 to 8, showing female sexual dimorphism. G. Detail of segment 6 showing lateroventral spine and female papilla. H. Detail of segment 7 showing lateroventral spine and female papilla. I. Segments 8 to 9 lateral view. J. Segments 10 to 11 ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 9 to 11 ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 7 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes imperforatus Higgins, 1983. A, D–E. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-69972). B, F, H. Paratype, ♀ (USNM-69974). C, G. Paratype, ♂ (USNM-69975). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 8, dorsal view. E. Segments 4 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 8 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 8. Comparative light micrographs showing selected details of E. pacificus Schmidt, 1974. A. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-53335). D–G. Paratype (USNM-53336). B, E, H. E. kozloffi Higgins, 1977. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-53337). C, F, I. E. sublicarum Higgins, 1977. Paratype, ♀ (USNM-54399). A–C. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view, showing presence of glandular cell outlets type 2 on segment 8. D–F. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, position and appearance of sexually dimorphic female papillae. G–I. Segments 10 to 11, with midlateral tubes on segment 10, and lateral terminal spines.

Fig. 5 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 5. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of of Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978. A, F. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-54841). B–E, G–H. ♀, non-type from Turkey (NHMD-616810). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 4, ventral view. D. Segments 5 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view. G. Detail of segments 7 to 8 showing middorsal spines. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 3 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, showing distribution of inner oral styles (full circles), outer oral styles (diamonds), primary scalids (triangles), spinoscalids (thick open circles), and trichoscalids (stars), with positions of trichoscalid plates and placids indicated. Table shows the scalid arrangement by sector; single-lined boxes mark quincunxes, double-lined boxes mark 'double diamonds'.

Fig. 4 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863. A–B, D, G–H, K. ♀ (MVS, personal reference collection). C, E–F, I–J. ♂ (MVS, personal reference collection). A. Lateroventral overview. B. Head with mouth cone and introvert, ventral view; inset shows detail of primary spinoscalid fringes attaching along a longitudinal line, and the median basal sheath spike of the Ring 03 spinoscalid. C. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. D. Segments 1 to 2, lateral view. E. Segments 1 to 2, ventral view. F. Segments 4 to 7, subdorsal view; inset shows the minute midlateral sensory spot on segment 4. G. Segments 8 to 9, lateral view; inset shows detail of sieve plate and lateroventral spine of segment 9. H. Segments 5 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism; inset shows detail of glandular cell outlet type 1, sensory spot and female papillae on left sternal plate of segment 6. I. Segments 10 to 11 ventrolateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. J. Segments 10 to 11 lateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11 ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 2 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 2. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, non-types from Ria Formosa, Faro, Portugal.A–D, F–G. ♂ (NHMD-616804). E, H. ♀ (NHMD-616824). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 9, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 7 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 1 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 1. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes aureus Adrianov et al., 2002. A. Allotype, ♀ (SMBL-397). B–C. Non-type ♀ from Tanegashima (NHMD-664220). D–K. Topotype, ♀ (ICHUM-6124). A. Ventral overview. B. Dorsal overview. C. Ventral overview. D. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. E. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. F. Segments 3 to 6, dorsal view. G. Segments 6 to 8, dorsal view. H. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. I. Segments 7 to 9, dorsal view. J. Segments 10 to 11, focused on posterior margin of tergal plate of segment 11, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Figs 48–53. Barsine spp., female genitalia. 48 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 48–53. Barsine spp., female genitalia. 48 – B. biformis sp. nov., paratype, Thailand, slide ZSM Arct. 155 / 2017 Volynkin. 49 – B. perpallida (Hampson, 1900), syntype of Diacrisia porthesioides Rothschild, 1910, India, slide NHMUK010315755 Volynkin (©NHMUK). 50 – B. laszloi sp. nov., paratype, Nepal, slide MWM 35760 Volynkin. 51 – B. hausmanni sp. nov., paratype, Thailand, slide MWM 31547 Volynkin. 52 – B. andromeda sp. nov., paratype, China, Shaanxi, slide MWM 31543 Volynkin. 53 – B. yuennanensis (Daniel, 1952), paratype, China, Yunnan, slide AV1843 Volynkin.

Figs 45–47. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 45 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 45–47. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 45 – B. ruficollis (Fang, 1991), China, Yunnan, slide MWM 31544 Volynkin. 46–47 – B. dao sp. nov.: 46 – holotype, N Vietnam, slide MWM 31552 Volynkin; 47 – paratype, China, Yunnan, slide MWM 35663 Volynkin.

Figs 39–41. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 39 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 39–41. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 39 – B. hausmanni sp. nov., holotype ♂, Thailand, slide MWM 35665 Volynkin. 40–41 – B. andromeda sp. nov.: 40 – holotype, China, slide MWM 31542 Volynkin; 41 – paratype, China, slide MWM 35666 Volynkin.

Figs 36–38. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 36 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 36–38. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 36 – B. hololeuca (Hampson, 1895), holotype, Bhutan, slide BMNH(E) Arct-6580 Volynkin (©NHMUK). 37 – B. flavicollis (Moore, 1878), lectotype, India, slide BMNH(E) Arct-4663 (©NHMUK). 38 – B. laszloi sp. nov., holotype ♂, Nepal, slide MWM 37067 Volynkin.

Figs 25–32. Barsine spp., adults. 25–28 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 25–32. Barsine spp., adults. 25–28 – B. dao sp. nov.: 25 – holotype ♂, N Vietnam (MWM/ZSM); 26 – ♂, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 27 – paratype ♂, N Vietnam (MWM/ZSM); 28 – paratype ♀, N Vietnam (MWM/ZSM); 29–30 – B. eurydice sp. nov. 29 – holotype ♂, N Vietnam (MWM/ZSM); 30 – paratype ♀, N Vietnam (MWM/ZSM). 31–32 – B. ruficollis (Fang, 1991): 31 – ♂, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 32 – ♀, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM).

Figs 17–24. Barsine spp., adults. 17–19 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 17–24. Barsine spp., adults. 17–19 – B. hausmanni sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♂, Thailand (MWM/ZSM); 18 – paratype ♂, Thailand (MWM/ZSM); 19 – paratype ♀, Thailand (MWM/ZSM). 20–22 – B. yuennanensis (Daniel, 1952): 20 – holotype ♂, China, Yunnan (ZFMK); 21 – paratype ♂, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 22 – paratype ♀, China, Yunnan (ZFMK). 23–24 – B. nigrovena (Fang, 2000): 23 – holotype ♂, China, Hubei (ICZAS); 24 – ♀, China, Shaanxi (CKC).

Figs 42–44. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 42 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 42–44. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 42 – B. yuennanensis (Daniel, 1952), holotype, China, Yunnan, slide AV1846 Volynkin. 43 – B. nigrovena (Fang, 2000), China, Hubei, prep. Huang. 44 – B. eurydice sp. nov., holotype, N Vietnam, slide MWM 31554 Volynkin.

Figs 1–8. Barsine spp., adults. 1–4 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 1–8. Barsine spp., adults. 1–4 – B. biformis sp. nov.: 1 – holotype ♂, Thailand (MWM/ZSM); 2 – paratype ♀, Thailand (MWM/ZSM); 3 – paratype ♂, Thailand (CKC); 4 – paratype ♂, Thailand (CKC). 5–8 – B. perpallida (Hampson, 1900): 5 – syntype ♂, India (©NHMUK); 6 – syntype ♀ of Diacrisia porthesioides Rothschild, 1910, India (©NHMUK); 7 – ♂, Nepal (ZSM); 8 – syntype ♀, India (©NHMUK).

Figs 9–16. Barsine spp., adults. 9 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 9–16. Barsine spp., adults. 9 – B. hololeuca (Hampson, 1895), holotype ♂, Bhutan (©NHMUK); 10 – B. flavicollis (Moore, 1878), lectotype ♂, India (©NHMUK); 11–13 – B. laszloi sp. nov.: 11 – holotype ♂, Nepal (MWM/ZSM); 12 – paratype ♂, Nepal (MWM/ZSM); 13 – paratype ♀, Nepal (MWM/ZSM); 14–16 – B. andromeda sp. nov.: 14 – holotype ♂, China (MWM/ZSM); 15 – paratype ♂, China (MWM/ZSM); 16 – paratype ♀, China (MWM/ZSM).

Figs 54–57. Barsine spp., female genitalia. 54 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 54–57. Barsine spp., female genitalia. 54 – B. nigrovena (Fang, 2000), China, Sichuan, slide NHMUK010313508 Volynkin (©NHMUK). 55 – B. eurydice sp. nov., paratype, N Vietnam, slide MWM 31555 Volynkin. 56 – B. ruficollis (Fang, 1991), China, Yunnan, slide MWM 31545 Volynkin. 57 – B. dao sp. nov., paratype, N Vietnam, slide MWM 31553 Volynkin.

Figs 33–35. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 33 – B in A review of the Barsine perpallida-B. yuennanensis species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figs 33–35. Barsine spp., male genitalia. 33 – B. biformis sp. nov., holotype, Thailand, slide MWM 31351 Volynkin. 34–35 – B. perpallida (Hampson, 1900): 34 – Nepal, slide ZSM Arct. 230/2017 Volynkin; 35 – China, Xizang, prep. Huang.