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Fig. 16 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 16. Cyclidium glaucoma from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B, C). A. Body shape in vivo. B. Details of oral ciliatures. C. Somatic ciliature on dorsal side. M1-3, membranelles; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; SC, scutica. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 12 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 12. Paraenchelys wenzeli from life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D-F). A. Typical body shape in vivo. B. Details of cytoplasmic structures including macronucleus, extrusomes and contractile vacuoles. C. Peculiar large, teardrop shape extrusomes. D. Macronucleus with micronucleus and weakly impregnated large extrusomes. E. Somatic and oral ciliature (arrow indicates micronucleus). F. Details of fragmented dorsal brush rows. B, brush rows; E, extrusomes; MA, macrnucleus; MI, micronucleus. Scale bars = 30 μm (A, B, D, E); 10 μm (C).

Fig. 14 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 14. Drepanomonas revoluta from life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D). A. Body outline in vivo. B. Note the deep wide furrow on the left side. C. Left side in vivo. D. Somatic and oral ciliature on right side. CV, contractile vacuole; CY, cytopyge; F, furrow; K1- 9, somatic kineties; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronucleus; PC, postoral complex; PO, preoral kineties. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 13 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 13. Rimaleptus similis from life (A, B, E) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A. Typical body shape in vivo. B. Distribution of contractile vacuoles. C. Somatic and oral ciliature. D. Details of oral ciliature. E. Single spherical micronucleus between two macronuclear nodules and two kinds of oral extrusomes. CK, circumoral kinety; CV, contractile vacuoles; MA, macronuclear nodule; MI, micronucleus; PR, preoral kinety. Scale bars = 100 μm (A); 50 μm (C, E).

Fig. 11 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 11. Phialinides australis from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A. Cortical granulation. B. Oral and cytoplasmic extrusomes. C, D. Details of oral and somatic ciliature and the phialinid ciliary wreath (arrowheads). Scale bars = 30 μm (A, B); 20 μm (C, D).

Fig. 10 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 10. Protospathidium muscicola from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C-E). A. Typical body shape to show oral and cytoplasmic extrusomes with one terminal contractile vacuole. B. Cortical granules and apparatus of dorsal brush rows. C, D. Somatic and circumoral kineties with macronuclear nodules. E. Details of dorsal brush rows. B, brush rows; CV; contractile vacuole; E, extrusomes; MA, macronuclear nodule; OF, oral kinetofragment. Scale bars = 30 μm.

Fig. 6 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 6. Anteholosticha brachysticha from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A. Cortical granulation on ventral side (arrowheads). B. Cortical granulation on dorsal side (arrowheads) and contractile vacuole. C. Somatic and oral ciliature on ventral side with distribution of macronuclear nodules. Arrow marks last midventral cirrus. D. Dorsal kineties. 1-3 dorsal kineties; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; FC, frontal cirri; FT, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MA, macronucleus nodule; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars = 30 μm (A, B); 20 μm (C).

Fig. 3 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 3. Lamtostyla decorata from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C-E). A. Typical body shape in vivo. B. Dorsal bristles and cortical granules (arrowheads). C, D. Somatic and oral ciliature of ventral sides. E. Dorsal kineties. 1-3, dorsal kineties; ACR, amphisiellid median cirral row; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; FC, frontal cirri; FT, frontoterminal cirri; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronucleus; PTC, pretransverse cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars = 30 μm.

Fig. 9. Epispathidium amphoriforme after protargol impregnation. A in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 9. Epispathidium amphoriforme after protargol impregnation. A. Right side view to show circumoral kinety and somatic kineties. B, C. Left side views to show dorsal brush rows, ribbon-like macronucleus and spherical inclusions. B, brush rows; CK, circumoral kinety; MA, macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 μm.

Fig. 4 in Characterizations of five heterotrophic nanoflagellates newly recorded in Korea

Fig. 4. (A, B) General light micrographs and sketch of Ancyromonas micra strain IG005. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum, scale bar = 5 μm. Arrowhead and double arrowhead represent a shallow groove and rostrum, respectively. All micrographs are differential interference contrast (DIC) images. (C) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the 18S rDNA sequences of Ancyromonadida (order) species including Ancyromonas micra strain IG005 and outgroup (Diacronema vlkiauum strain AC67 and Prymnesium patelliferum). Bootstrap support values (>70%) are shown at the nodes. Solid circles indicate a Bayesian posterior probability of 1 (posterior probability <0.75 not shown).

Fig. 2 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 2. Quadristicha setigera from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B, C). A. Body outline in vivo and the long dorsal bristles (arrowheads). B. Somatic and oral ciliature of ventral side. C. Dorsal kineties. 1-4, dorsal kineties; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; PTC, pretransverse cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bar = 20 μm.

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Fig. 2. Araeosoma owstoni Mortensen, 1904. A in A newly recorded sea urchin, Araeosoma owstoni Mortensen, 1904 (Echinoidea; Echinothurioida; Echinothuriidae), from the Korea Strait

Fig. 2. Araeosoma owstoni Mortensen, 1904. A, aboral side; B, oral side. C, tridentate pedicellaria and its valves; D, valves of triphyllous pedicellaria.

Fig. 4 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 4. Lamtostyla islandica from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B, C). A. Body shape in vivo. B. Somatic and oral ciliature of ventral side. C. Dorsal kineties and right marginal cirri. 1-3, dorsal kineties; ACR, amphisiellid median cirral row; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; LMR, left marginal row; MA, macronuclear nodules; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars = 20 μm.

Fig. 8 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 8. Apocoriplites lajacola from life (A, C) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A. Arrangement of cortical granules and contractile vacuole. B. Oral region showing the lack of extrusomes. C. Somatic ciliature and nuclear apparatus. D. Dorsal brush rows and somatic kineties. B, brush rows; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus nodules; MI, micronucleus. Scale bars = 30 μm.

Fig. 3 in Characterizations of five heterotrophic nanoflagellates newly recorded in Korea

Fig. 3. (A, B) General light micrographs and sketch of Neobodo curvifilus (formerly Procryptobia sorokini) strain KM017. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum, GR: granules, scale bar = 5 μm. All micrographs are differential interference contrast (DIC) images. (C) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the 18S rDNA sequences of Neobodonida (order) species including Neobodo curvifilus strain KM017 and outgroup (Bodo saltans and Bodo uncinatus). Bootstrap support values (>80%) are shown at the nodes. Solid circles indicate a Bayesian posterior probability of 1 (posterior probability<0.95 not shown).

Fig. 1 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 1. Gonostomum kuehnelti from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B, C). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen. B. Somatic and oral ciliature of ventral side. C. Dorsal kineties and nuclear apparatus. 1-3, dorsal kineties; III-VI, frontoventral rows; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MA, macronuclear nodules; RMR, right marginal row; PTC, pretransverse cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars = 30 μm.

Fig. 2 in Characterizations of five heterotrophic nanoflagellates newly recorded in Korea

Fig. 2. (A, B) General light micrographs and sketch of Aplanochytrium minuta (formerly Labyrinthuloides minuta) strain PH004. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum, scale bar = 5 μm. All micrographs are differential interference contrast (DIC) images. (C) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the 18S rDNA sequences of Labyrinthulomycetes (class) species including Aplanochytrium minuta strain PH004 and outgroup (Wobblia lunata and Placidia cafeteriopsis). Bootstrap support values (>80%) are shown at the nodes. Solid circles indicate a Bayesian posterior probability of 1 (posterior probability<0.95 not shown).

Fig. 1 in Characterizations of five heterotrophic nanoflagellates newly recorded in Korea

Fig. 1. (A, B) General light micrographs and sketch of Cafeteria burkhardae strain PH003. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum, CV: contractile vacuole, FV: food vacuole, scale bar = 5 μm. Arrowhead represents curved channel. All micrographs are differential interference contrast (DIC) images. (C, D) General light micrographs and sketch of Cafeteria graefeae strain UL001. (E) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the 18S rDNA sequences of Cafeteria (genus) species including Cafeteria graefeae strain UL001 and Cafeteria burkhardae strain PH003 and outgroup (Paramonas globosa strain ATCC 50531 and Nerada mexicana strain ATCC 50535). Bootstrap support values (>70%) are shown at the nodes. Solid circles indicate a Bayesian posterior probability of 1 (posterior probability<0.95 not shown).

Fig. 7 in Brief description of 18 newly recorded ciliate species from soil and inland waters (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in South Korea

Fig. 7. Pseudobirojimia muscorum from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A. Slender body shape in vivo. B. Cortical granulation on dorsal side. C, D. Ventral ciliatures. BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MA, macronucleus nodule; RMR1, 2, inner and outer right marginal rows; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars = 50 μm.