Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
619
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
619 results for “paternity”
Data from: The transgenerational consequences of paternal social isolation and predation exposure in threespined sticklebacks
<p>Parents routinely encounter stress in the ecological environment that can affect offspring development (transgenerational plasticity: TGP); however, parents' interactions with conspecifics may alter how parents respond to ecological stressors. During social buffering, the presence of conspecifics can reduce the response to or increase the speed of recovery from a stressor. This may have cascading effects on offspring if conspecifics can mitigate parental responses to ecological stress in ways that blunt the transmission of stress-induced transgenerational effects. Here, we simultaneously manipulated both paternal social isolation and experience with predation risk prior to fertilization in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We generated offspring via in-vitro fertilization to allow us to isolate paternal effects mediated via sperm alone (i.e., in the absence of paternal care). If social buffering mitigates TGP induced by paternal exposure to predation risk, then we expect the transgenerational effects of predation exposure to be weaker when a conspecific is present compared to when the father is isolated. Offspring of predator-exposed fathers showed reduced anxiety-like behavior and tended to be captured faster by the predator. Fathers who were socially isolated also had offspring that were captured faster by a live predator, suggesting that paternal social isolation may have maladaptive effects on how offspring respond to ecological stressors. Despite additive effects of paternal social isolation and paternal predation risk, we found no evidence of an interaction between these paternal treatments, suggesting that the presence of a conspecific did not buffer fathers and/or offspring from the effects of predation risk. Our results suggest that socially-induced stress is an important, yet underappreciated, mediator of TGP and can elicit transgenerational effects even in species that do not form permanent social groups. Future studies should therefore consider how the parental social environment can affect both within and trans-generational responses to ecological stressors.</p>
Paternal lineages and genetic diversity in Holstein-Friesian cattle
<p>This database contains paternal lineages and genetic diversity data in Holstein-Friesian cattle (1950-2021).</p>
Figure 1 in Short Note Multiple paternity in the pueriparous North African fire salamander, Salamandra algira, supports polyandry as a successful mating strategy in low fecundity Salamandra lineages
Figure 1. (a) Distribution of both species displaying reproductive polymorphism, Salamandra salamandra (in blue) and Salamandra algira (in green). In red, the area of occurrence of pueriparity within each species. Values next to each pueriparous nuclei denote the frequency of multiple paternity. (b) Detail of the western-most distribution area of S. algira where the pueriparous lineage occurs (in red). The box shows the number of fathers and the proportion of the offspring sired by each male for all four studied females. Numbers in brackets are clutch size in each female.
FIGURES 45‑56 in Female monopolization and paternity assurance in South American crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea): mating plugs, extra claspers and forced copulation
FIGURES 45‑56: Terminalia of several species of Aracamby. 45, 46, male of undescribed species "A", lateral and ventral respectively; 47, female of same, lateral; 48, 49, 50, male of undescribed species "B" dorsal, ventral and lateral respectively; 51, 52, 53, male of undescribed species "C", lateral, dorsal and ventral respectively; 54, 55, 56, male of Aracamby balneatorius Mello, 1992, dorsal, lateral and ventral respectively. Conventions: IB = inferior bristle of paraproct; SB = superior bristle of paraproct; PC = paraproctal clasper. Figures not to scale.
FIGURES 26‑38 in Female monopolization and paternity assurance in South American crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea): mating plugs, extra claspers and forced copulation
FIGURES 26‑38: Dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively, of the phallic complex and copulatory papilla of Izecksohniella aimore and Cacruzia bahiana. 26, 27, 28, phallic complex of I. aimore; 29, 30, 31, copulatory papilla of I. aimore; 32, 33, 34, phallic complex of C. bahiana; 35, dorso-distal portion of pseudepiphallus of another specimen showing completely swollen pseudepiphallic parameres (compare with Fig. 32); 36, 37, 38, copulatory papilla of C. bahiana. Conventions: PG = phallic gland; O = outer opening of phallic. Figures not to scale.
FIGURES 39‑44 in Female monopolization and paternity assurance in South American crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea): mating plugs, extra claspers and forced copulation
FIGURES 39‑44: 39, 40, spermatophore of Eidmanacris sp. in dorsal and ventral views, showing the specialized neck which functions as a mating plug; 41, detailed side view of spermatophore neck; 42, 43, 44, dorsal, lateral and ventral views of copulatory papilla of same species showing the mating plug inserted in its orifice. Figures not to scale.
FIGURES 14‑25 in Female monopolization and paternity assurance in South American crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea): mating plugs, extra claspers and forced copulation
FIGURES 14‑25: Dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively, of the phallic complex and copulatory papilla of Vanzoliniella sambophila and of a species belonging to an undescribed genus. 14, 15, 16, phallic complex of V. sambophila; 17, 18, 19, copulatory papilla of V. sambophila; 20, 21, 22, phallic complex of "undescribed genus and species"; 23, 24, 25, copulatory papilla of same. Conventions: PG = phallic gland; O = outer opening of phalic gland. Figures not to scale.
FIGURES 5‑13 in Female monopolization and paternity assurance in South American crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea): mating plugs, extra claspers and forced copulation
FIGURES 5‑13: Phallic complex and copulatory papilla of Aracamby sp (undescribed species). 5, 6, 7, phallic complex in dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; 8, tubular pseudepiphallic arms in rear view; 9, idem in dorsal view; 10, 11, copulatory papilla of virgin female in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; 12, 13, copulatory papilla of a female seven days after copulation. Conventions: PsA = pseudepiphallic arm; PsP = pseudepiphallic paramere; PG = phallic gland; PM = "petrified" membrane; O = outer opening of pseudepiphallic gland; FM = flexible membrane". Figures not to scale.
FIGURES 1‑4 in Female monopolization and paternity assurance in South American crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea): mating plugs, extra claspers and forced copulation
FIGURES 1‑4: Phallic complex and female terminalia of Adenophallusia naiguatana. 1, 2, 3, phallic complex in dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; 4, female distal abdominal sternites. Conventions: PG = phallic gland; Ct = cement; O = outer opening of phallic gland; SgP = dashed line indicating the position of the subgenital plate prior to its removal; OVIP = basal portion of ovipositor. Figures not to scale.
FIGURE 4 in Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage
FIGURE 4. Fragments of electropherograms of four sequences (Rosa maximowicziana max7, R. × archipelagica arc4, R. × archipelagica arc3, and R. rugosa rug2) of ndhC–trnV IGS. Blue rectangles indicate substitutions in 117, 173, and 185 positions of the alignment, and an indel T/- in the 228th position of the alignment, differing Rosa maximowicziana and R. rugosa. The sequence arc4 possesses double peaks in corresponding positions, the sequence arc3 is identical to that of max7.
FIGURE 2. Rosa maximowicziana. A. Flowers. B in Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage
FIGURE 2. Rosa maximowicziana. A. Flowers. B. Fruits. Rosa × archipelagica. C. Flowering plants. Rosa rugosa. D. Flowers. E. Fruits. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 5 cm; C = 10 cm. A, B, E: photo by Ivan Schanzer; C, D: photo by Elena Chubar.
FIGURE 1 in Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage
FIGURE 1. Sample locations: 1–Russkiy Island (max1, max2); 2–Popova Island (max5, rug3); 3–Poima River (max13); 4–Stenina Island (arc1, arc2, arc3, arc4, max10, max11, rug9, rug10); 5–Bolshoy Pelis Island (max8, max9, rug6, rug7, rug8); 6–Cape Astafyeva (rug11, rug12); 7–Posyet (max3, max4, rug2); 8–Krabbe Peninsula (max12); 9–Very Island (max7, rug5); 10–Kievka village, sea shore (rug4); 11–Kievka village, meadow (max6).
Data from: Paternal care in a fish: epigenetics and fitness enhancing effects on offspring anxiety
In many animals, including humans, interactions with caring parents can have long-lasting effects on offspring sensitivity to stressors. However, whether these parental effects impact offspring fitness in nature is often unclear. In addition, despite evidence that maternal care can influence offspring behaviour via epigenetic alterations to the genome, it remains unclear whether paternal care has similar effects. Here, we show in three-spined sticklebacks, a fish in which fathers are the sole provider of offspring care, that the direct care provided by fathers affects offspring anxiety and the potential for epigenetic alterations to the offspring genome. We find that families are differentially vulnerable to early stress and fathers can compensate for this differential sensitivity with the quality of their care. This variation in paternal care is also linked to the expression in offspring brains of a DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt3a) responsible for de novo methylation. We show that these paternal effects are potentially adaptive and anxious offspring are unlikely to survive an encounter with a predator. By supplying offspring care, fathers reduce offspring anxiety thereby increasing the survival of their offspring—not in the traditional sense through resource provisioning but through an epigenetic effect on offspring behavioural development.
Data from: Paternity assignment and demographic closure in the New Zealand southern right whale
The identification and characterisation of reproductively isolated subpopulations or 'stocks' is essential for effective conservation and management decisions. This can be difficult in vagile marine species like marine mammals. We used paternity assignment and 'gametic recapture' to examine the reproductive autonomy of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) on their New Zealand (NZ) calving grounds. We derived DNA profiles for 34 mother-calf pairs from skin biopsy samples, using sex-specific markers, 13 microsatellite loci and mtDNA haplotypes. We constructed DNA profiles for 314 adult males, representing 30% of the census male abundance of the NZ stock, previously estimated from genotypic mark-recapture modelling to be 1085 (95% CL 855, 1416). Under the hypothesis of demographic closure and the assumption of equal reproductive success among males, we predict: (1) the proportion of paternities assigned will reflect the proportion of the male population sampled and (2) the gametic mark-recapture (GMR) estimate of male abundance will be equivalent to the census male estimate for the NZ stock. Consistent with these predictions, we found that the proportion of assigned paternities equalled the proportion of the census male population size sampled. Using the sample of males as the initial capture, and paternity assignment as the recapture, the GMR estimate of male abundance was 1001 (95% CL 542, 1469), similar to the male census estimate. These findings suggest that right whales returning to the NZ calving ground are reproductively autonomous on a generational timescale, as well as isolated by maternal fidelity on an evolutionary timescale, from others in the Indo-Pacific region.
Data from: Maternal and paternal contributions to pathogen resistance dependent on development stage in a whitefish (Salmonidae)
1. It is often assumed that maternal and paternal contributions to offspring phenotype change over the lifetime of an individual. However, studies on parental effects typically suffer from the problems that heritabilities and maternal environmental effects are difficult to separate, and that both may depend on environmental factors and developmental stage 2. In order to experimentally disentangle maternal from paternal contributions and the likely effects of developmental stage from ecological effects, we sampled a natural population of the whitefish Coregonus palaea, used gametes for full-factorial in vitro fertilizations, raised over 10,000 of the resulting offspring singly at controlled conditions, and exposed them at different points during embryonic development to one of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that differed in their virulence characteristics (only one caused mortality, while both delayed hatching and reduced growth) 3. Vulnerability to infection increased markedly over embryo development. This change coincided with a distinct shift in the importance of maternal to additive genetic effects on survival. Timing of exposure also affected the variance components for hatching time and larval length, but in a less consistent direction than the variance components for mortality. No significant genetic variation was found for any reaction norms across time points of exposure, indicating a uniformity among genotypes in how susceptibility changed over development. Phenotypes were also typically correlated across time points, which could constrain the evolution of the reaction norms 4. Our experiment demonstrates that the relative maternal and paternal contributions to susceptibility to an infection, and hence the evolutionary potential to respond to pathogen-induced selection, depends not only on the kind of pathogenic stress but also on the timing of the challenge.
Data from: Effects of male telomeres on probability of paternity in sand lizards
Standardized swim-up trials are used in IVF clinics to select particularly motile spermatozoa in order to increase the probability of a successful fertilization. Such trials demonstrate that sperm with longer telomeres have higher motility and lower levels of DNA damage. Regardless of whether sperm motility, and successful swim-up to fertilization sites, is a direct or correlational effect of telomere length or DNA damage, covariation between telomere length and sperm performance predicts a relationship between telomere length and probability of paternity in sperm competition, a prediction that for ethical reasons cannot be tested on humans. Here we test this prediction in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) using experimental data from twice-mated females in a laboratory population, and telomere length in blood from the participating lizards. Female identity influenced paternity (while the mechanism was not identified), while relatively longer male telomeres predicted higher probability of paternity. We discuss potential mechanisms underpinning this result.
Male age alone predicts paternity success under sperm competition when effects of age and past mating effort are experimentally separated
<p>Older males often perform poorly under post-copulatory sexual selection. It is unclear, however, whether reproductive senescence is due to male age itself or the accumulated costs of the higher lifetime mating effort that is usually associated with male age. To date, very few studies have accounted for mating history and sperm storage when testing the effect of male age on sperm traits, and none test how age and past mating history influence paternity success under sperm competition. Here, we experimentally manipulate male mating history to tease apart its effects from that of age on ejaculate traits and paternity in the mosquitofish<i>, Gambusia holbrooki</i>. We found that old, naive males had more sperm than old, experienced males, while the reverse was true for young males. In contrast, neither male age nor mating history affected sperm velocity. Finally, using artificial insemination to experimentally control the number of sperm per male, we found that old males sired significantly more offspring than young males independently of their mating history. Our results highlight that the general pattern of male reproductive senescence described in many taxa may often be affected by two naturally confounding factors, male mating history and sperm age, rather than male age itself.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Who's your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
FIGURE 4. Photos in life comparing putative members of Lepidodactylus pantai or Lepidodactylus woodfordi. (A) Lepidodactylus pantai from the type locality, Kei Kecil, Indonesia (photo by Luke M. Bloch). (B) Lepidodactylus cf. pantai from Opea Island, Papua New Guinea (photo by Fred Kraus). The dark coloration is the night-time coloration, whereas during the day (and in preservative) they show similar coloration as the other images. (C) Lepidodactylus pantai from Palmyra Atoll (photo by Robert Fisher). (D) Lepidodactylus pantai from Rangiroa Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago) (photo by Ivan Ineich). (E) Lepidodactylus cf. woodfordi from Alu Island, Solomon Islands, adjacent to Fauro Island, the type locality of L. woodfordi (photo by Michael McCoy). Further comparison is needed to assess if L. woodfordi may be conspecific with L. pantai and would therefore have priority.
FIGURE 3 in Who's your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
FIGURE 3. Haplotype network for the Lepidodactylus pantai clade estimated for the mitochondrial ND2 gene. Circle sizes correspond to the number of individuals sharing a given haplotype and hash marks designate the number of nucleotide differences between haplotypes. Colors correspond to labeled locations.
FIGURE 1 in Who's your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
FIGURE 1. Map of the Pacific Basin displaying island populations of Lepidodactylus pantai. Red dots indicate populations with genetic sampling (*arno atoll based on cytochrome b sequences of Radtkey et al. [1995]). Yellow dots indicate populations identified by morphology either by field observations or examination of museum specimens. Stars indicate type localities of Lepidodactylus pantai (red) and Lepidodactylus woodfordi (green). Map data copyrighted OpenStreetMap contributors and available from https://www.openstreetmap.org.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.