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1,149 results for “plant association”
Annual plant competition experiment results and associated mycobiome ASV tables
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Plant-associate interactions and diversification across trophic levels
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Data from: Plant ammonium sensitivity is associated with the external pH adaptation, repertoire of nitrogen transporters, and nitrogen requirement
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Jumping to new hosts: the diversification of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini) in the context of their host plant associations
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Genome-wide association study of aphid abundance highlights a locus affecting plant growth and flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest II - Non-standard Anoxic Methane Fluxes and Associated Standard Oxic Fluxes 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains the 2015 weekly anoxic methane flux from treatment plots within a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER. Anoxic measurements used with oxic measurements to calculate the fraction of methane oxidized. Treatments include natural-vegetation, simulated-aerenchyma, and sphagnum-only. No updates are planned.
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest III - Non-standard Dark Methane Fluxes and Associated Standard Oxic Fluxes 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains the 2015 weekly anoxic control methane flux from treatment plots within a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER. Anoxic control measurements used to assess the effect of the anoxic fluxes on results. Treatments include natural-vegetation, simulated-aerenchyma, and sphagnum-only. No updates are planned.
Plant Associations on the Virginia Barrier Islands: Metompkin - Smith Islands, 1974-1975.
Vegetation maps and descriptions of plant associations were compiled for 16 (15) barrier and marsh islands on the seaward margin of the Delmarva Peninsula (USA) based on 1:20,000 scale false-color infrared aerial photography taken on June 4, 1974 and subsequent extensive ground-truthing. Twenty-six mapping units based on botanical, topographic, and edaphic characteristics representative of distinct plant associations, ecotones, or non-vegetated surfaces were identified. Published maps were later digitized and georeferenced for use with GIS systems. Chimney Pole Marsh, for which only the inlet-facing shoreline was originally mapped, rather than the whole island, was never digitized and is not included in this dataset.
Data from: The effect of root-associated microbes on plant growth and chemical defence traits across two contrasted elevations,
<p>1. Ecotypic differences in plant growth and anti-herbivore defence phenotypes are determined by the complex interactions between the abiotic and the biotic environment.</p> <p>2. Root-associated microbes (RAMs) are pervasive in nature, vary over climatic gradients, and have been shown to influence the expression of multiple plant functional traits related to biomass accumulation and biotic interactions. We addressed how variation in climatic conditions between lowland and sub-alpine habitats in the Alps and RAMs can independently or interactively affect plant growth and anti-herbivore defence trait expression.</p> <p>3. To address the contribution of climate and RAMs on growth and chemical defences of high- and low-elevation Plantago major ecotypes, we performed a full-factorial reciprocal transplant field experiment at two elevations. We coupled it with plant functional trait measurements and metabolomics analyses.</p> <p>4. We found that local growing climatic conditions mostly influenced how the ecotypes grew, but we also found that the high- and low-elevation ecotypes improved biomass accumulation if in the presence of their own-elevation RAMs. Second, we found that while chemical defence expression was affected by climate, they were also more highly expressed when plants were inoculated with low elevation RAMs.</p> <p>5. Synthesis – Our research demonstrated that RAMs from contrasted elevations impact how plants grow or synthesize toxic secondary metabolites. At low elevation, where biotic interactions are stronger, RAMs enhance plant biomass accumulation and the production of toxic secondary metabolites.</p>
Figure 3 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)
Figure 3. Lateral view of female Aneurobracon philippinensis.
Figure 2 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)
Figure 2. Map of Japan showing the sampling localities of Acrocercops transecta mines.
Data from: Species abundance fluctuations over 31 years are associated with plant-soil feedback in a species-rich mountain meadow
<p>1. Increasing evidence suggest that plant-soil interactions play an essential role in plant community assembly processes. Empirical investigations show that plant species abundance in the field is often related to plant-soil biota interactions, however, the direction of these relations have yielded inconsistent results.</p> <p>2. We combined unique 31-year long field data on species abundances from a species-rich mountain meadow with single time point plant-soil feedback greenhouse experiments of 24 co-occurring plant species. We tested whether these relations were dynamic in time, whether coupled increases and decreases in abundance between years were related to plant-soil feedback and whether these changes were underlain by years in which manuring was applied.</p> <p>3. The prevailingly negative relationship between plant-soil feedback and plant relative abundance in the field was significantly time-dependent, which may reconcile the contrasting results in literature. Furthermore, significant coupled oscillations appeared between species relative abundance changes and plant-soil feedback, which were likely moderated by years in which manuring was applied. Our results are consistent with the notion that the more abundant species are stabilised by negative plant-soil feedback, and the less abundant species co-vary with the fluctuations of these more competitive species.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our results project plant-soil feedback as an important regulatory mechanism in plant communities, operating in conjunction with a species' competitive ability and soil nutrient availability. We suggest that negative feedback is particularly prominent in more abundant plant species that profit from more readily available soil nutrients than less abundant species with positive feedback. Negative plant-soil feedback may thus prevent more abundant plant species from outcompeting less abundant plant species, facilitating stable species co-existence.</p>
Higher vascular plant abundance associated with decreased ecosystem respiration after 20 years of warming in the forest-tundra -ecotone
<p><span>The ongoing climate warming is promoting shrub abundance in high latitudes, but the effect of this phenomenon on ecosystem functioning is expected to depend on whether deciduous or evergreen species increase in response to warming. </span></p> <p><span>To explore effects of long-term warming on shrubs and further on ecosystem functioning, we analyzed vegetation and ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange after 20 years of warming in the forest-tundra ecotone in sub-arctic Sweden. A previous study conducted nine years earlier had found increased evergreen <em>Empetrum</em> <em>nigrum</em> ssp. <em>hermaphroditum</em> in the forest and increased deciduous <em>Betula</em> <em>nana</em> in the tundra. </span></p> <p><span>Following current understanding, we expected a continued increase in shrub abundance that would be stronger in tundra than in forest. We expected warming to increase ecosystem respiration (</span><span>R<sub>e</sub></span><span>) and gross primary productivity (GPP), with a greater increase in </span><span>R<sub>e </sub>in tundra due to increased deciduous shrub abundance, leading to a less negative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and reduced ecosystem C sink strength. </span></p> <p><span>As predicted, vascular plant abundances were higher in the warmed plots with a stronger response in tundra than in forest. </span><span>However, whereas <em>B. nana</em> had increased in abundance since the last survey, <em>E. hermaphroditum </em>abundance had declined due to several moth and rodent outbreaks during the past decade. </span><span>I</span><span>n contrast to predictions, </span><span>R<sub>e </sub>was significantly lower in the warmed plots irrespective of habitat, and GPP increased marginally only in the forest. The lower R<sub>e</sub> and a higher GPP under warming in the forest together led to increased net C sink. </span><span>R<sub>e </sub>was negatively associated with the total vascular plant abundance.</span></p> <p><span>Our results highlight the importance of disturbance regimes for vegetation responses to warming. </span><span>Climate warming may promote species with </span><span>both a high capacity to grow under warmer conditions and a resilience towards herbivore outbreaks. Negative correlation between R<sub>e</sub> and total vascular plant abundance further indicates that t</span><span>he </span><span>indirect impacts of increased plants on soil microclimate may become increasingly important for ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange </span><span>in the long </span><span>run</span><span>, </span><span>which adds to the different mechanisms that link warming and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in northern ecosystems.</span></p>
Phyllosphere microbial associations improve plant reproductive success
<p class="western">The above-ground (phyllosphere) plant microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important component of plant health. We hypothesized that phyllosphere bacterial recruitment may be disrupted in a greenhouse setting, and that adding a bacterial amendment would therefore benefit the health and growth of host plants. Using a newly developed synthetic phyllosphere bacterial microbiome for tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>), we tested this hypothesis across multiple trials by manipulating microbial inoculation of leaves and measuring subsequent plant growth and reproductive success, comparing results from plants grown in both greenhouse and field settings. We confirmed that greenhouse-grown plants have a relatively depauperate phyllosphere bacterial microbiome, which both makes them an ideal system for testing the impact of phyllosphere communities on plant health and important targets for microbial amendments as we move towards increased agricultural sustainability. We find that the addition of the synthetic microbial community early in greenhouse growth leads to an increase in fruit production in this setting, implicating the phyllosphere microbiome as a key component of plant fitness and emphasizing the role that these bacterial microbiomes likely play in the ecology and evolution of plant communities.</p>
Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure in the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea is not associated with local density of flowering plants
<p><span><strong>Premise</strong>:</span><span> Density-dependent pollinator visitation can lead to density-dependent mating patterns and within-population genetic structure. In Gymnadenia conopsea, individuals in low-density patches receive more self-pollen than individuals in high-density patches, suggesting higher relatedness at low density. Ongoing fragmentation is also expected to cause more local matings, potentially leading to biparental inbreeding depression.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span>To evaluate whether relatedness decreases with local density, we analysed 1315 SNP loci in 113 individuals within two large populations. We quantified within-population genetic structure in one of the populations, recorded potential habitat barriers, and visualized gene flow using estimated effective migration surfaces (EEMS). We further estimated the magnitude of biparental inbreeding depression that would result from matings restricted to within 5 m.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span>There was no significant relationship between local density and relatedness in any population. We detected significant fine-scale genetic structure consistent with isolation-by-distance, with positive kinship coefficients at distances below 10 m. Kinship coefficients were low, and predicted biparental inbreeding depression resulting from matings within the closest 5 m was a modest 1–3%.</span> <span>EEMS suggested that rocks and bushes may act as barriers to gene flow within a population.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span>The results suggest that increased self-pollen deposition in sparse patches does not necessarily cause higher selfing rates, or that inbreeding depression results in low establishment success of inbred individuals. The modest relatedness suggests that biparental inbreeding depression is unlikely to be an immediate problem following fragmentation of large populations. The results further indicate that habitat structure may contribute to governing fine-scale genetic structure in <em>G. conopsea</em>.</span></p>
Plant-mycorrhizal associations may explain the latitudinal gradient of plant community assembly
<p>Biogeographical variation in community assembly processes forms the basis of the latitudinal gradient of biodiversity by driving b-diversity. Classical studies on community assembly predict environmental filtering affecting b-diversity more strongly at higher latitudes, where productivity is lower and abiotic stress is stronger. Contrary to this prediction, recent evidence indicates that plant community composition at higher latitudes exhibits more spatially clustered distributions independently of background environments, suggesting the importance of spatial processes, such as priority effects. In this study, we propose a hypothesis that resolves this paradox by considering plant-soil feedback and biogeographic variations in the dominant mycorrhizal type: we predict that the increasing prevalence of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees with latitude contributes to the spatially clustered distribution of plants, as EcM trees tend to exhibit positive plant-soil feedback. We analyzed a large-scale standardized dataset of Japanese forests covering a latitudinal gradient of >10º and found that (i) the proportion of EcM trees was higher at higher latitudes, and (ii) EcM tree-rich communities exhibited more spatially clustered distributions likely due to positive plant-soil feedback. Consequently, (iii) tree species composition at higher latitudes was better explained by spatial variables suggesting the importance of priority effects. Consistent with the predictions of the plant-soil feedback theory, these patterns were more pronounced in understory than in canopy communities. Taken together, our results lend support to our hypothesis that biogeographic variation in tree community assembly patterns is defined by mycorrhizal types and plant-soil feedback, thereby resolving a paradox in the latitudinal gradient of plant community assembly. Our work highlights that plant mycorrhizal type underlies the determinants of b-diversity which is a critical component of the latitudinal gradient of diversity.</p>
Figures 5-7 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil
Figures 5-7. Lopesia pleromatis, sp. nov. Maia, male: (5) Wing; (6) 6th-8th abdominal segments (lateral view); (7) Terminalia, dorsal view.
Figures 12-14 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil
Figures 12-14. Lopesia pleromatis, sp. nov. Maia, female: (12) 6th-8th abdominal segments (dorsal view); (13) 6th-8th abdominal segments (ventral view); (14) Cerci (ventral view).
Figures 19-24 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil
Figures 19-24. Lopesia pleromatis, sp. nov. Maia, pupa: (19) Prothoracic spiracle; (20-22) Apex of prothoracic spiracle; (23) 2nd-4th abdominal segments (dorsal view); (24) terminal segment (dorsal).
Figures 25-26 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil
Figures 25-26. Lopesia pleromatis, sp. nov. Maia, larva: (25) Prothoracic spatula and associated papillae (ventral view); (26) Terminal segment (dorsal view).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.