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194 results for “population abundance”
Data from: Cross-taxa generalities in the relationship between population abundance and ambient temperatures
Identifying patterns in the effects of temperature on species' population abundances could help develop a general framework for predicting the consequences of climate change across different communities and realms. We used long-term population time series data from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species communities within central Europe to compare the effects of temperature on abundance across a broad range of taxonomic groups. We asked whether there was an average relationship between temperatures in different seasons and annual abundances of species in a community, and whether species attributes (temperature range of distribution, range size, habitat breadth, dispersal ability, body size, and lifespan) explained interspecific variation in the relationship between temperature and abundance. We found that, on average, warmer winter temperatures were associated with greater abundances in terrestrial communities (ground beetles, spiders, and birds) but not always in aquatic communities (freshwater and marine invertebrates and fish). The abundances of species with large geographical ranges, larger body sizes, and longer lifespans tended to be less related to temperature. Our results suggest that climate change may have, in general, positive effects on species' abundances within many terrestrial communities in central Europe while the effects are less predictable in aquatic communities.
Population abundance data and species range maps
<p><b>Aim </b>–<b> </b>The abundant-center hypothesis (ACH) predicts a negative relationship between species abundance and the distance to geographic range center. Since its formulation, empirical tests of the ACH have involved different settings (e.g. the distance to the ecological niche or to the geographic range center), but studies found contrasting support for this hypothesis. Here, we evaluate whether these discrepancies might stem from differences regarding the context in which the ACH is tested (geographical or environmental), how distances are measured, how species envelopes are delineated, how the relationship is evaluated and which data are used.</p> <p><b>Location</b> – Americas.</p> <p><b>Time Period </b>– 1800-2017.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b> – mammal, bird, fish and tree seedlings.</p> <p><b>Methods</b> – Using published abundance data for 801 species, together with species range maps, we tested the ACH using three distance metrics in both environmental and geographical spaces with range and niche envelopes delineated using two different algorithms, totaling 12 different settings. We then evaluated the distance-abundance relationship using correlation coefficients (traditional approach) and mixed-effect models to reduce the effect of sampling noise on parameter estimates.</p> <p><b>Results</b> – Similar to previous studies, correlation coefficients indicated an absence of effect of distance on abundance for all taxonomic groups and settings. In contrast, mixed-effect models highlighted relationships of various strengths and shapes, with a tendency for more theoretically-supported settings to provide stronger support for the ACH. The relationships were however not consistent across taxonomic groups and settings, and were sometimes even opposite to ACH expectations.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b> – We found mixed and inconclusive results regarding the ACH. These results corroborate recent findings, and suggest either that our ability to predict abundances from the location of populations within geographical or environmental spaces is low, or that the data used here have a poor signal-to-noise-ratio. The latter calls for further testing on other datasets using the same range of settings and methodological framework.</p>
Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
Linking temporal variations of genetic diversity, including allelic richness and heterozygosity, and spatio-temporal fluctuations in population abundance has emerged as an important tool for understanding demographic and evolutionary processes in natural populations. This so-called 'genetic monitoring' was conducted across 12 consecutive years (1996-2007) at three sites for the feral cat, introduced onto the Kerguelen Archipelago fifty years ago. Temporal changes in allelic richness and heterozygosity at 18 microsatellite DNA loci were compared to temporal changes in the adult population abundance index, obtained by typical demographic monitoring. No association was found at the island spatial scale but we observed an association between genetic diversity and adult population indices from year to year within each study site. More particularly, the magnitude of successive increases or decreases in the adult population abundance index appeared to be the major factor linking the trajectories of genetic diversity and adult population abundance indices. Natal dispersal and/or local recruitment, both facilitated by high juvenile survival when the adult population size is small, are proposed as the major demographic processes contributing to such an observed pattern. Finally, we suggested avoiding the use of the harmonic mean as an estimator of long-term population size to study the relationships between demographic fluctuations and heterozygosity in populations characterized by strong multi-annual density fluctuations.
Data from: Regional and local patterns of genetic variation and structure in yellow-necked mice − the roles of geographic distance, population abundance and winter severity
The goal of this study, conducted in seven large woodlands and three areas with small woodlots in north-eastern Poland in 2004-2008, was to infer genetic structure in yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis population and to evaluate the roles of environmental and population ecology variables in shaping the spatial pattern of genetic variation using 768 samples genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. Genetic variation was very high in all studied regions. The primal genetic subdivision was observed between the northern and the southern parts of the study area, which harboured two major clusters and the intermediate area of highly admixed individuals. The probability of assignment of individual mice to the northern cluster increased significantly with lower temperatures of January and July and declined in regions with higher proportion of deciduous and mixed forests. Despite the detected structure, genetic differentiation among regions was very low. Fine-scale structure was shaped by the population density, whereas higher level structure was mainly shaped by geographic distance. Genetic similarity indices were highly influenced by mouse abundance (which positively correlated with the share of deciduous forests in the studied regions) and exhibited the greatest change between 0 and 1 km in the forests, 0 and 5 km in small woodlots. Isolation by distance pattern, calculated among regions, was highly significant but such relationship between genetic and geographic distance was much weaker, and held the linearity at very fine scale (~1.5 km), when analyses were conducted at individual level.
Data from: Which species, how many, and from where: Integrating habitat suitability, population genomics, and abundance estimates into species reintroduction planning
Extirpated organisms are reintroduced into their former ranges worldwide to combat species declines and biodiversity losses. The growing field of reintroduction biology provides guiding principles for reestablishing populations, though criticisms remain regarding limited integration of initial planning, modeling frameworks, interdisciplinary collaborations, and multi-species approaches. We used an interdisciplinary, multi-species, quantitative framework to plan reintroductions of three fish species into Abrams Creek, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. We first assessed the appropriateness of habitat at reintroduction sites for banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae), greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), and mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii) using species distribution modeling. Next, we evaluated the relative suitability of nine potential source stock sites using population genomics, abundance estimates, and multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) based on known correlates of reintroduction success. Species distribution modeling identified mottled sculpin as a poor candidate, but banded sculpin and greenside darter as suitable candidates for reintroduction based on species-habitat relationships and habitats available in Abrams Creek. Genotyping by sequencing revealed acceptable levels of genetic diversity at all candidate source stock sites, identified population clusters, and allowed for estimating the number of fish that should be included in translocations. Finally, MCDA highlighted priorities among candidate source stock sites that were most likely to yield successful reintroductions based on differential weightings of habitat assessment, population genomics, and the number of fish available for translocation. Our integrative approach represents a unification of multiple recent advancements in the field of reintroduction biology and highlights the benefit of shifting away from simply choosing nearby populations for translocation to an information-based science with strong a priori planning coupled with several suggested posteriori monitoring objectives. Our framework can be applied to optimize reintroduction successes for a multitude of organisms and advances the science of reintroduction biology by simultaneously addressing a variety of past criticisms of the field.
F in Host plant utilization and population abundance of three tropical species of Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
F. 2. Population abundance of Stolas chalybea, S. areolata and Anacassis phaeopoda at different life stages at Serra do Japi, SP.
F in Host plant utilization and population abundance of three tropical species of Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
F. 1. Climatic diagram of Jundiaí (where Serra do Japi is located), in São Paulo state, during the years 1997 and 1998 (according to Walter and Lieth, 1960). Original data were collected in a station at 715 m and temperature data were corrected to 1170 m (data provided by Instituto Agronômico de Campinas). Dotted region represents dry periods and dark region represents super-humid periods.
Population dynamics of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at summer roosts: apparent survival, fidelity, abundance, and the influence of winter conditions
<ol> <li>White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused the death of millions of bats, but the impacts have been more difficult to identify in western North America. Understanding how WNS, or other threats, impact western bats may require monitoring other roosts, such as maternity roosts and night roosts, where bats aggregate in large numbers.</li> <li>Little brown bats (<em>Myotis lucifugus</em>) are experiencing some of the greatest declines from WNS. Estimating survival and understanding population dynamics can provide valuable data for assessing population declines and informing conservation efforts.</li> <li>We conducted a 5-year mark-recapture study of two <em>M. lucifugus</em> roosts in Colorado. We used the robust design model to estimate apparent survival, fidelity, and abundance to understand population dynamics, and environmental covariates to understand how summer and winter weather conditions impact adult female survival. We compared the fidelity and capture probability of <em>M. lucifugus</em> between colonies to understand how bats use such roosts.</li> <li>Overwinter survival increased with the number of days with temperatures below freezing (β > 0.100, SE = 0.003), and decreased with the number of days with snow cover (β < -0.40, SE < 0.13). Adult female fidelity was higher at one maternity roost than the other. Overwinter and oversummer adult female survival were high (>0.90), and based on survival estimates and fungal-swabbing results we believe these populations have yet to experience WNS.</li> <li>Recapture of <em>M. lucifugus</em> using antennas that continuously read passive integrated transponder tags allows rigorous estimation of bat population parameters that can elucidate trends in abundance and changes in survival. Monitoring populations at summer roosts can provide unique population ecology data that monitoring hibernacula alone may not. Because few adult males are captured at maternity colonies, and juvenile males have low fidelity, additional effort should focus on understanding male <em>M. lucifugus </em>population dynamics.</li> </ol>
Using ecotourism boats for estimating the abundance of a bottlenose dolphin population in south-eastern Australia
<p>Excel spread sheets "bd_CRM_input" and "soc_analysis" containing the input data for the capture-recapture models of population abundance and social analysis, respectively, of bottlenose dolphins in Port Phillip Bay, south-eastern Australia.</p>
Diversity, seasonal abundance, and environmental drivers of chaetognath populations in North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, USA
<p>Chaetognaths (Phylum: Chaetognatha) are one of the most abundant phyla of zooplankton worldwide and play an important role in marine trophic interactions. Although the role of chaetognaths in global ecosystems is well understood, the spatial variation and environmental drivers of estuarine chaetognath populations is poorly understood. To provide the first known record of chaetognath species composition in a coastal estuary in the south-eastern USA, chaetognaths were identified and quantified from zooplankton samples collected on a monthly basis in 2019 and 2020 from North Inlet Estuary in South Carolina. <em>Parasagitta tenuis </em>was the most abundant species of the five found, making up 33% of total abundance. The egg presence of these chaetognaths was further analyzed to gauge reproductive cycles. Abundance and egg presence were compared with surface and bottom measurements of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen levels to determine the driving abiotic factors behind chaetognath's seasonal variability and reproductive cycles. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen all had low (r < ± 0.29), non-significant correlations with abundance. Chaetognath egg production was most significantly associated with dissolved oxygen (p < 0.001) and seasonal changes in temperature (p < 0.001). Our initial findings indicate the continued abundance of chaetognath in a local estuary is dependent on abiotic factors that are strongly influenced by a changing climate. </p>
Data from: Supportive breeding boosts natural population abundance with minimal negative impacts on fitness of a wild population of Chinook salmon
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Data from: Cross-taxa generalities in the relationship between population abundance and ambient temperatures
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Data from: Beyond abundance: The impact of sampling design on effective population size estimates in capercaillie
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Data from: Territory size decreases minimally with increasing food abundance in stream salmonids: implications for population regulation
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Data from: Functional genotypes are associated with commensal Escherichia coli strain abundance within host individuals and populations
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Data from: Thermal resilience may shape population abundance of two sympatric congeneric Cotesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
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Diversity, seasonal abundance, and environmental drivers of chaetognath populations in North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, USA
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Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
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Data from: Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea
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Data from: Geography alone cannot explain Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) population abundance and genetic diversity in the context of the center–periphery hypothesis
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.