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1,474 results for “reliability”
Finding Reliable Sources: Evaluation Datasets
<p><strong>Finding Reliable Sources</strong> (<strong>FRS</strong>) is an NLP/ML task, in which, given a single-sentence claim, we aim to automatically find reliable sources that could be used to confirm or refute it. This repository includes evaluation datasets that could be used to train and test solution for this problem. Datasets are organised as large collections of individual records, each consisting of (1) a claim expressed a short text fragment and (2) a list of identifiers (DOI, ISBN, arXiv ID or URL) of reliable sources associated with it.</p> <p>Two datasets are included:</p> <ul> <li>Claim-Source Pairing Dataset (CSP) contains 32 million textual contexts paired with 24 million source identifiers mined from English Wikipedia,</li> <li>FEVER-FRS contains 15,798 claims gathered for the <a href="https://fever.ai/">FEVER shared task</a>, supplemented with source identifiers using Wikipedia.</li> </ul> <p>The data were gathered within a study described in the article <em>"Countering Disinformation by Finding Reliable Sources: a Citation-Based Approach"</em>, presented at the 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2022). Please refer to the article (in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN55064.2022.9891941">conference proceedings</a> or <a href="https://home.ipipan.waw.pl/p.przybyla/bib/Learning_to_Cite_3_CR.pdf">authors' version</a>) for more information on the FRS task, data collection procedures and evaluation results. The research was done within the <a href="https://homados.ipipan.waw.pl/">HOMADOS</a> project at the <a href="https://ipipan.waw.pl/">Institute of Computer Science</a>, Polish Academy of Sciences.</p> <p>The datasets described here are based on the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6539054">Wikipedia Complete Citation Corpus</a> (WCCC), which also includes the train/test split for CSP.</p> <p>The CSP dataset is uploaded in three variants, using different text fragments as 'context'. In '<strong>s</strong>', the context consists of a single sentence preceding (or containing) a citation. The '<strong>ts</strong>' variant additionally includes a title of the Wikipedia article, while '<strong>ss</strong>' contains two sentences preceding a citation. Each variant contains subsequently numbered TSV files, including lines with the following values:</p> <ul> <li>document ID (see <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6539054">WCCC</a> for full document metadata),</li> <li>textual context,</li> <li>a list of (at least one, possibly many) source identifiers.</li> </ul> <p>The FEVER-FRS dataset was created based on the <a href="https://fever.ai">FEVER shared task</a> data. In the original dataset, each claim is matched with a set of 'evidence' sentences from Wikipedia that either support or refute it. For the purpose of evaluating FRS solutions, we replaced each evidence sentence with the identifiers to external sources that are cited alongside it. This was not always possible (e.g. for Wikipedia sentences with no sources, see the paper for details), but we managed to find 4414 and 11384 claims that are, respectively, refuted or supported by the provided sources.</p> <p>Each line of the FEVER-FRS TSV files contains the following:</p> <ul> <li>text of a short claim,</li> <li>a list of (at least one, possibly many) source identifiers.</li> </ul> <p>The source code code for generating both datasets (CSP from Wikipedia and FEVER-FRS from FEVER) can be obtained from a <a href="https://github.com/piotrmp/finding_reliable_sources">GitHub repository</a>.</p>
Supporting information for 'Towards better understanding of the ferrofluid impregnation process and potential artefacts – a prerequisite for reliable interpretation of magnetic pore fabrics'
<p>These tables contain data for the manuscript 'Towards better understanding of the ferrofluid impregnation process and potential artefacts – a prerequisite for reliable interpretation of magnetic pore fabrics'</p>
Measurement of Social Strain in People with Dementia: A Pre-liminary Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Negative Relationship Quality Questionnaire in Indonesia
<p>People<strong> </strong>with dementia (PWD) may exhibit symptoms that negatively affect their relationships with their families or friends which could cause social strain. The Negative Relationship Quality (NRQ) questionnaire can be used to measure social strain in PWD. There has never been an Indonesian adaptation of the NRQ. This preliminary study aimed to measure the validity and reliability of the NRQ among PWD in Indonesia (NRQ-INA). This study used a cross-sectional design. Forward–backward translation methods were conducted first. Pearson’s correlation and factor analysis were employed for the validity test. Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest were used to determine reliability. The NRQ-INA has four parallel items related to social strain that are divided into three subscales and asked to spouse/partner, family members, and friends, leading to a total of 12 questions. The results of validity testing from 60 respondents showed that all items in the NRQ-INA were strongly valid with correlation coefficients (<em>r</em>) of >0.8 (<em>p</em><0.01). Factor analysis showed a convergence with the variance explained of more than 50% for all items in each subscale, which also indicated that NRQ-INA had acceptable construct validity to measure social strain. Cronbach’s alpha values (α) were 0.926, 0.942, and 0.938 for the subscales of spouse, friends, and family members, respectively. The correlations of test–retest reliability for all items were >0.7 (<em>p</em><0.01), demonstrating a reliable NRQ-INA measurement. In conclusion, NRQ-INA had a good validity and reliability to measure social strain in PWD. Further study of the concurrent validity among PWD is still needed.</p>
Data for: Inter-rater reliability of risk of bias tools for non-randomized studies
<p><strong>PURPOSE:</strong> Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reliability of risk of bias (ROB) tools for assessing internal validity in systematic reviews of exposure and frequency studies. We aimed to identify and then compare the inter-rater reliability (IRR) of six commonly used tools for frequency (Loney scale, Gyorkos checklist, American Academy of Neurology [AAN] tool) and exposure (Newcastle-Ottawa scale, SIGN50 checklist, AAN tool) studies.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Six raters independently assessed the ROB of 30 frequency and 30 exposure studies using the 3 respective ROB tools. Articles were rated on a 3-level summary measure of ROB (low, intermediate, or high). We calculated an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each tool and category of ROB tool. We compared the IRR between ROB tools and tool type by inspection of overlapping ICC 95% CIs and by comparing their coefficients after transformation to Fisher Z values. We assessed criterion validity of the AAN ROB tools by calculating an ICC for each rater in comparison with the original ratings from the AAN.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> All individual ROB tools had an IRR in the substantial range or higher (ICC point estimate = 0.61-0.80). The IRR was almost perfect (ICC point estimate > 0.80) for the AAN frequency tool and the SIGN50 checklist. All tools were comparable in IRR, except for the AAN frequency tool which had a significantly higher ICC than the Gyorkos checklist (p=0.021) and trended towards a higher ICC when compared to the Loney scale (p=0.085). When examined by category of ROB tool, scales and checklists had a substantial IRR, whereas the AAN tools had an almost perfect IRR. For the criterion validity of the AAN ROB tools, the average agreement between our raters and the original AAN ratings was moderate.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> All tools had substantial IRR except for the AAN frequency tool and the SIGN50 checklist, which both had an almost perfect IRR. The AAN ROB tools were the only category of ROB tool to demonstrate an almost perfect IRR. This category of ROB tool had fewer and more simple criteria. Overall, parsimonious tools with clear instructions, such as those from the AAN, may provide more reliable ROB assessments.</p>
Data for: Reliable biogeography requires fossils: Insights from a new species-level phylogeny of extinct and living carnivores
<p>A central objective of historical biogeography is to understand where clades originated and how they moved across space and over time. However, given the dynamic history of ecosystem changes in response to climate change and geologic events, the manifold long-distance dispersals over evolutionary timescales, and regional and global extinctions, it remains uncertain how reliable inferences based solely on extant taxa can be achieved. Using a novel species-level phylogeny of all known extant and extinct species of the mammalian order Carnivora and related extinct groups, we show that far more precise and accurate ancestral areas can be estimated by fully integrating extinct species into the analyses, rather than solely relying on extant species or identifying ancestral areas only based on the geography of the oldest fossils. Through a series of simulations, we further show that this conclusion is robust under realistic scenarios in which the unknown extinct taxa represent a biased subset of all extinct species. Our results highlight the importance of integrating fossil taxa into a phylogenetic framework to further improve our understanding of historical biogeography and reveal the dynamic dispersal and diversification history of carnivores.</p>
Reliable chaotic transition in incompressible fluid simulations - Supplementary Material
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset for Downing test reliability study
<p>This Excel file contains all the repeated measures from both phases of the study (intra-tester reliability and inter-tester reliability)</p>
BenchLS: A Reliable Dataset for Lexical Simplification
<p>To create our dataset we combined two resources: the LexMTurk (Horn et al., 2014) and LSeval (De Belder and Moens, 2012) datasets. The instances in both datasets, 929 in total, contain a sentence, a target complex word, and several candidate substitutions ranked according to their simplicity. The candidates in both datasets were suggested and ranked by English speakers from the U.S. To increase its reliability, we applied the following corrections over each instance of our dataset:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Spelling Filtering: We discard any misspelled can- didates using Norvig’s algorithm. We trained our spelling model over the News Crawl corpus.</p> </li> <li> <p>Inflection Correction: We inflected all candidates to the tense of the target word using the Text Adorning module of LEXenstein (Paetzold and Specia, 2015; Burns, 2013).</p> </li> </ol> <p>The resulting dataset – BenchLS – contains 929 instances, with an average of 7.37 candidate substitutions per complex word. </p>
Reliable Many-to-Many Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Ant Colony Optimisation
<p>Results files for testing of ACO protocol for many to many routing in wireless sensor networks. </p>
Validity and reliability of the Kinovea program in obtaining angles and distances using coordinates in 4 perspectives
<p>Dataset used to perform the statistical analysis for the article "Validity and reliability of the Kinovea program in obtaining angles and distances using coordinates in 4 perspectives"</p>
A Comprehensive Reliability-Based Framework for Corrosion Damage Monitoring and Repair Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
<p>Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17STLSU03. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:</p> <p>"In this work, we developed a comprehensive framework for corrosion management of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This framework includes critical steps of an effective approach to quantify the damage evolution as well as providing the timeframe for effective maintenance/repair strategies for corrosion assessment in RC structures. The framework included several activities including the use of indirect and direct inspection tools, theoretical development for damage prediction, experimental measurements and theoretical development of repair time based on reliability. The uniqueness of the framework is the integration of deterministic modeling of corrosion damage evolution by using mechanistic analysis with statistical modeling on corrosion of RC structures by using measurements from the field (or natural environment) and experimental testing (in the laboratory). The framework includes a simple algorithm that relies in each development and task generated from this work to monitor and estimate the status of the reinforced concrete structures and the most suitable strategy to extend the life of the system while maximizing the reliability."</p>
InCLosure Code for Guaranteed Enclosures Under Interval Dependency: Supplementary Material for Article "A Logical Formalization of the Notion of Interval Dependency: Towards Reliable Intervalizations of Quantifiable Uncertainties"
<p>InCLosure Input and Output Files for Guaranteed Enclosures Under Interval Dependency: Supplementary Material for Article "A Logical Formalization of the Notion of Interval Dependency: Towards Reliable Intervalizations of Quantifiable Uncertainties", Online Mathematics Journal, July 2019. Download latest release of InCLosure via <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2702404">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2702404</a></p>
test files: Reliable ID test generic occurrence metadata change
For testing of harvesting code<p></p>8d25162dfb1c8007bb527bb8b83c8d86 generic metadata, Date identified, changed
test files: Reliable ID test trait added
For testing of harvesting code<p></p>c292f9ddbe73a7145890af4385511750xxxx added to existing occurrence+taxon
Dataset for "Linearity of natural versus laboratory‑imparted remanence demagnetization diagram and reliability of relative paleointensity estimation"
<p>Paleo- and rock magnetic data presented in "<strong>Linearity of natural versus laboratory‑imparted remanence demagnetization diagram and reliability of relative paleointensity estimation" by Yamazaki, T. and Li, J., Earth Planets Space (2025) 77:14</strong></p>
Smell the stress: Subjective ratings of body odors reliably indicate stress levels
<p><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Chemosensory signals like body odor carry information about the emotional state of individuals like fear or stress. Analysis of sweat odor could therefore deliver an easy option of assessing stress. Our aim was to examine if subjective odor ratings can reliably and validly capture characteristics of sweat odor. For this we presented odor samples of stressed individuals to naïve participants who rated these concerning their intensity, valence, and stress. Furthermore, we compared odor rating results to well-studied physiological markers of stress that we obtained from the odor donors during the stress task.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Method:</span></strong><span> Odor donors were 30 men and 30 women who performed a standardized protocol to induce social stress while wearing axillary pads under each armpit. Additionally, we measured <span> </span><span> </span>cortisol in saliva, adrenaline in blood and recorded participants’ heart rate. For odor ratings, we recruited an independent sample of 40 individuals. Participants rated the odor samples using visual analog scales.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Intraclass correlations revealed a fair level of clinical significance for intensity and valence of sweat odors. Additionally, retest reliability was moderate for these two odor qualities. Ratings of stress also showed a moderate retest reliability, but the intraclass correlation was on a poor level. In further analyses we found significant relationships between all three qualities. Correlations between subjective ratings of body odors and physiological stress markers of odor donors were not significant. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Discussion: </span></strong><span>Our data show that<strong> </strong>subjective ratings of body odor qualities, in particular intensity and valence are reliable. Further research on validity is needed.</span></p>
Dataset for article: Gait Speed Assessment in the 10-meter Walk Test for Older Adults Using a Computer Vision-based System: A Cross-sectional Study on Validity, Reliability, and Usability
<p>This dataset provides the Validity, Reliability, and Usability for an assessment of gait speed detection system in the 10-meter Walk Test for Older Adults.</p> <p>The dataset is formatted for easy import into microsoft excel software consist of:<br>Supplementary1.xlsx - Validity <br>Supplementary2.xlsx - Reliability<br>Supplementary3.xlsx - Usability test</p>
Data from: Surrogate taxa and fossils as reliable proxies of spatial biodiversity patterns in marine benthic communities
Rigorous documentation of spatial heterogeneity (β-diversity) in present-day and preindustrial ecosystems is required to assess how marine communities respond to environmental and anthropogenic drivers. However, the overwhelming majority of contemporary and palaeontological assessments have centred on single higher taxa. To evaluate the validity of single taxa as community surrogates and palaeontological proxies, we compared macrobenthic communities and sympatric death assemblages at 52 localities in Onslow Bay (NC, USA). Compositional heterogeneity did not differ significantly across datasets based on live molluscs, live non-molluscs, and all live organisms. Death assemblages were less heterogeneous spatially, likely reflecting homogenization by time-averaging. Nevertheless, live and dead datasets were greater than 80% congruent in pairwise comparisons to the literature estimates of β-diversity in other marine ecosystems, yielded concordant bathymetric gradients, and produced nearly identical ordinations consistently delineating habitats. Congruent estimates from molluscs and non-molluscs suggest that single groups can serve as reliable community proxies. High spatial fidelity of death assemblages supports the emerging paradigm of Conservation Palaeobiology. Integrated analyses of ecological and palaeontological data based on surrogate taxa can quantify anthropogenic changes in marine ecosystems and advance our understanding of spatial and temporal aspects of biodiversity.
Dataset: Process Mining for Reliability Modeling of Smart Manufacturing Systems with Reduced Data Requirements
<p>Operational state logs from the Industry 4.0 Lab, University of Southern Denmark.</p> <p>"I4.0Lab_state_log.csv" -> without failures</p> <p>I4.0Lab_state_log_failures.csv -> with failures</p>
Early warning signal reliability varies with COVID-19 waves
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Early warning signals (EWSs) aim to predict changes in complex systems from phenomenological signals in time series data. These signals have recently been shown to precede the emergence of disease outbreaks, offering hope that policy makers can make predictive rather than reactive management decisions. Here, using a novel, sequential analysis in combination with daily COVID-19 case data across 24 countries, we suggest that composite EWSs consisting of variance, autocorrelation, and skewness can predict non-linear case increases, but that the predictive ability of these tools varies between waves based upon the degree of critical slowing down present. Our work suggests that in highly monitored disease time series such as COVID-19, EWSs offer the opportunity for policy makers to improve the accuracy of urgent intervention decisions but best characterise hypothesised critical transitions.</p> <p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>The deposited dataset contains scripts used in the early warning signal and generalised additive model analysis, the generation of figures, and the custom R functions underpinning the work. Raw COVID-19 case data is also provided if users prefer to access files directly rather than sourcing from the host repositories (all credit is provided to the original publishers).</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.