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233 results for “seasonal dynamics”
Data from: Seasonal dynamics and changing sea level as determinants of the community and trophic structure of oribatid mites in a salt marsh of the Wadden Sea
Global change processes affect seasonal dynamics of salt marshes and thereby their plant and animal communities. However, these changes have been little investigated for microarthropod communities. We studied the effect of seasonality and changes in sea level on oribatid mites in the natural salt marsh and on artificial islands in the back-barrier environment of the island Spiekeroog (Wadden Sea, Germany). Three zones of the artificial islands were filled with transplanted sods from the lower salt marsh zone and thereby exposed to three different inundation frequencies. We hypothesized that oribatid mite communities will differ along the natural salt marsh vegetation zones [upper salt marsh (USM), lower salt marsh (LSM), pioneer zone (PZ)], which are influenced by different tidal regimes. Accordingly, total oribatid mite densities declined from the USM and LSM to the PZ. Similarly, oribatid mite species compositions changed along the salt marsh transect and also responded to variations in inundation frequency in LSM on artificial islands with typical species of the USM, LSM and PZ being Multioppia neglecta (USM), Hermannia pulchella (LSM), Zachvatkinibates quadrivertex (LSM, PZ) and Ameronothrus schneideri (LSM, PZ). Oribatid mite density in the salt marsh and on the artificial islands was at a maximum in winter and spring; this was due in part to high density of juveniles, pointing to two reproductive periods. We hypothesized that oribatid mite trophic structure changes due to variations in abiotic (e.g., tidal dynamics, temperature) and biotic conditions (e.g., resource availability). Stable isotope (15N, 13C) and neutral lipid fatty acid analyses indicated that oribatid mite species have different diets with e.g., Z. quadrivertex feeding on macroalgae and fungi, A. schneideri feeding on microalgae and bacteria, and Scheloribates laevigatus and M. neglecta feeding on dead organic matter, bacteria and fungi. Overall, the results indicate that oribatid mite species in salt marshes are affected by changes in environmental factors such as inundation intensity, with the effects being most pronounced in species with narrow trophic niches and limited niche plasticity. The results also indicate that oribatid communities of the LSM respond little to short-term (one year) changes in inundation frequency.
Data from: Chronic nitrogen addition induces a cascade of plant community responses with both seasonal and progressive dynamics
Short-lived herbaceous plants provide a useful model to rapidly reveal how multiple generations of plants in natural plant communities of sensitive desert ecosystems will be affected by N deposition. We monitored dynamic responses of community structure, richness, evenness, density and biomass of herbaceous plants to experimental N addition (2:1 NH4+:NO3− added at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 24 g N m− 2 a− 1) in three seasons in each of three years in the Gurbantunggut desert, a typical temperate desert of central Asia. We found clear rate-dependent and season-dependent effects of N deposition on each of these variables, in most cases becoming more obvious through time. N addition reduced plant richness, leading to a loss of about half of the species after three generations in the highest N application level. Evenness and density were relatively insensitive to all but the greatest levels of N addition for two generations, but negative effects emerged in the third generation. Biomass, both above and below ground, was non-linearly affected by N deposition. Low and intermediate levels of N deposition often increased biomass, whereas the highest level suppressed biomass. Stimulatory effects of intermediate N addition disappeared in the third generation. All of these responses are strongly interrelated in a cascade of changes. Notably, changes in biomass due to N deposition were mediated by declines in richness and evenness, and other changes in community structure, rather than solely being the direct outcome of release from limitation. The interrelationships between N deposition and the different plant community attributes change not only seasonally, but also progressively change through time. These temporal changes appear to be largely independent of interannual or seasonal climatic conditions.
Data from: Dynamic expressions of hypothalamic genes regulate seasonal breeding in a natural rodent population
Seasonal breeding is a universal reproductive strategy in many animals. Hypothalamic genes, especially type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio2/3), RFamide-related peptide 3 (Rfrp-3), kisspeptin (Kiss-1), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), are involved in a photoperiodic pathway that encodes seasonal signals from day length in many vertebrate species. However, the seasonal expression patterns of these genes in wild mammals are less studied. Here, we present a four-year field investigation to reveal seasonal rhythm and age-dependent reproductive activity in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and to detect relationships among seasonal expression profiles of hypothalamic genes, testicular activity, age, and annual day length. From breeding season (April) to non-breeding season (October), adult male voles displayed a synchronous peak in gonadal activity with annual day length around summer solstice, which was jointly caused by age structure shifts and age-dependent gonadal development patterns. Overwintered males maintained reproductive activity until late in the breeding season, whereas most newborn males terminated gonadal development completely, except for a minority of males born early in spring. Consistently, the synchronous and opposite expression profiles of Dio2/3 suggest their central function to decode photoperiodic signals and to predict the onset of the non-breeding season. Moreover, changes in Dio2/3 signals may guide the actions of Kiss-1 and Rfrp-3 to regulate the age-dependent divergence of reproductive strategy in wild Brandt's vole. Our results provide evidence on how hypothalamic photoperiod genes regulate seasonal breeding in a natural rodent population.
Data from: Seasonal dynamics of megafauna on the deep West Antarctic Peninsula shelf in response to variable phytodetrital influx
The deep West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf is characterized by intense deposition of phytodetritus during spring/summer months, while very little food material reaches the seafloor during winter. The response of the shelf benthic megafauna to this highly variable food supply is still poorly understood. In order to characterize the deposition of phytodetritus and the megabenthic community response, we deployed a seafloor time-lapse camera at approximately 590 m depth on the mid WAP shelf west of Anvers Island for 15 months. Seafloor photographs were taken at intervals of 12 or 24 h nearly continuously from 9 December 1999 (austral winter) to 20 March 2001 (summer) and analysed for phytodetritus deposition and megafaunal dynamics. Seafloor images indicated a marked seasonal arrival of greenish phytodetritus, with large interannual and seasonal variability in the coverage of depositing phytodetrital particles. The surface-deposit-feeding elasipod holothurians Protelpidia murrayi and Peniagone vignoni dominated the epibenthic megafauna throughout the year, frequently constituting more than 80% of the megafaunal abundance, attaining total densities of up to 2.4 individuals m−2. Elasipod abundances were significantly higher in summer than winter. During summer periods of high phytodetrital flux, Pr. murrayi produced faecal casts at higher rates, indicating intensified population-level feeding activity. In March–June 2000, faecal casts lasted longest, suggesting lower horizontal bioturbation activity during autumn–winter. Our data indicate that the Pr. murrayi population increases its feeding rates in response to increasing amounts and/or lability of organic matter on the sediment surface. Assuming that this species feeds on the top millimetre of the sediment, we estimate that, during periods of high phytodetrital flux, the Pr. murrayi population reworks one square metre of sediment surface in approximately 287 days. We suggest that Pr. murrayi is an important species for organic-carbon recycling on the deep WAP shelf, controlling the availability of deposited labile phytodetritus to the broader shelf benthic community.
Data from: Time-keeping programme can explain seasonal dynamics of leukocyte profile in a migrant bird
It has been proposed that immune functioning in wild animals is shaped by the trade-off between a probability of encountering pathogens and an availability of resources for maintaining immune system in active state. Due to resources' seasonality one can expect that immune functioning, e.g., absolute and relative counts of white blood cells, WBC (leukocyte profile) also follows an annual cycle. However, dynamics of the seasonal changes of leukocyte profile are controversial and specific inquiries so far addressed only a portion of annual cycle. To study the seasonal dynamics of the leukocyte profile and to test its possible endogenous basis we experimentally simulated annual cycle in a migratory passerine bird, chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita abietinus). We report here a clear seasonal pattern of leukocyte profile in that species. The highest WBC counts were observed during pre-alternate moult and the lowest during the subsequent spring migration; the seasonal dynamics of HL ratio showed the opposite tendency. Surprisingly, HL ratios during autumn migration were relatively low, indicating little to no stress. Observed seasonal changes in controlled experimental conditions suggest an existence of time-keeping programme underlying these variations. Additionally we found negative relationship between the body condition index and WBC counts and positive relationship with HL (heterophil to lymphocyte) ratio; these findings are controversial with the data obtained with other bird species in wild populations. Understanding the origins of variation of leukocyte profile per se and in relation with other parameters of physiological condition can be a useful tool in studying physiological response to environmental changes.
Data from: Human birth seasonality: latitudinal gradient and interplay with childhood disease dynamics
More than a century of ecological studies have demonstrated the importance of demography in shaping spatial and temporal variation in population dynamics. Surprisingly, the impact of seasonal recruitment on infectious disease systems has received much less attention. Here, we present data encompassing 78 years of monthly natality in the USA, and reveal pronounced seasonality in birth rates, with geographical and temporal variation in both the peak birth timing and amplitude. The timing of annual birth pulses followed a latitudinal gradient, with northern states exhibiting spring/summer peaks and southern states exhibiting autumn peaks, a pattern we also observed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, the amplitude of United States birth seasonality was more than twofold greater in southern states versus those in the north. Next, we examined the dynamical impact of birth seasonality on childhood disease incidence, using a mechanistic model of measles. Birth seasonality was found to have the potential to alter the magnitude and periodicity of epidemics, with the effect dependent on both birth peak timing and amplitude. In a simulation study, we fitted an susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model to simulated data, and demonstrated that ignoring birth seasonality can bias the estimation of critical epidemiological parameters. Finally, we carried out statistical inference using historical measles incidence data from New York City. Our analyses did not identify the predicted systematic biases in parameter estimates. This may be owing to the well-known frequency-locking between measles epidemics and seasonal transmission rates, or may arise from substantial uncertainty in multiple model parameters and estimation stochasticity.
Data from: Seasonal and spatial dynamics of gas ebullition in a temperate water-storage reservoir
Gas ebullition of river impoundments plays an increasingly significant role, particularly in transporting methane CH4 from their sediments to the atmosphere, and contributing to the global carbon budget and global warming. Quantifying stochastic and episodic nature of gas ebullition is complicated especially when conventionally conducted by using coverage-limited gas traps. Current knowledge of seasonality in a reservoir's gas ebullition is lacking in the literature. For this reason, advanced acoustic surveying was intensively applied to determine spatiotemporal distributions of gas ebullition in a European water-storage reservoir for two years. Additionally, the sampling was accompanied with gas collecting for analyzing gas composition. The gas released from the reservoir was primarily composed of CH4 (on average 52%, up to 94%). The longitudinal distribution of gas ebullition was mainly determined by a proximity to the river inflow as a source of organic matter. A magnitude of ebullitive fluxes within the reservoir varied up to 1,300 mL m-2 d-1(30 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1). The most significant period of ebullition has turned out to be in fall, on average reaching a sevenfold ebullitive flux (70 mL m-2 d-1, 1.6 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1) higher than in the rest of the season. A substantial contribution to the fall peak was induced by an expansion of gas ebullition into greater depths, covering two thirds of the reservoir in late fall. The study demonstrates that the ebullitive fluxes of the temperate water storage reservoir were correlated to season, depth, and inflow proximity.
Data from: Seasonal dynamics and co-occurrence patterns of honey bee pathogens revealed by high-throughput RT-qPCR analysis
The health of the honey bee Apis mellifera is challenged by introduced parasites that interact with its inherent pathogens and cause elevated rates of colony losses. To elucidate co-occurrence, population dynamics and synergistic interactions of honey bee pathogens, we established an array of diagnostic assays for a high-throughput qPCR platform. Assuming that interaction of pathogens requires co-occurrence within the same individual, single worker bees were analyzed instead of collective samples. Eleven viruses, four parasites and three pathogenic bacteria were quantified in more than one thousand single bees sampled from sixteen disease-free apiaries in Southwest Germany. The most abundant viruses were Black Queen Cell Virus (84%), Lake Sinai Virus 1 (42%), and Deformed Wing Virus B (35%). Forager bees from asymptomatic colonies were infected with two different viruses in average, and simultaneous infection with four to six viruses was common (14%). Also the intestinal parasites Nosema ceranae (96%) and Crithidia mellificae/Lotmaria passim (52%) occurred very frequently. These results indicate that low-level infections in honey bees are more common than previously assumed. All viruses showed seasonal variation, while N. ceranae did not. The foulbrood bacteria Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius were regionally distributed. Spearman's correlations and multiple regression analysis indicated possible synergistic interactions between the common pathogens, particularly for Black Queen Cell Virus. Beyond its suitability for further studies on honey bees, this targeted approach may be, due to its precision, capacity and flexibility, a viable alternative to more expensive, sequencing-based approaches in non-model systems.
Figure 6 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 6. Major shipping lanes in the Black Sea http://www.marinevesseltraffic.com/2013/06/black-sea-marine-traffic.html. © Marine Vessel Traffic. Reproduced by permission of Marine Vessel Traffic. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.
Figure 5 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 5. (a) Abundance of Oithona davisae (ind. m−3); (b) abundance of female O. davisae with egg sac (ind. m−3).
Figure 4 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 4. Photographs of Oithona davisae: (a, b) lateral view of female with egg sac; (c) dorsal view of male; (d) lateral view of urosome; (e) rostrum of female (Photographs by Yildiz and Feyzioglu).
Figure 7 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 7. Black Sea coastal current system (http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/cv/oguz/circulation.htm). © Temel Oguz. Reproduced by permission of Temel Oguz. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.
Figure 1 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 1. (●) Previous report sites of Oithona davisae (Altukhov et al. 2014), (▲) Time series stations and (+) sampling locations.
Figure 7 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 7. Black Sea coastal current system (http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/cv/oguz/circulation.htm). © Temel Oguz. Reproduced by permission of Temel Oguz. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.
Figure 6 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 6. Major shipping lanes in the Black Sea http://www.marinevesseltraffic.com/2013/06/black-sea-marine-traffic.html. © Marine Vessel Traffic. Reproduced by permission of Marine Vessel Traffic. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.
Figure 1 in First observation and seasonal dynamics of the new invasive planktonic copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 along the southern Black Sea (Anatolian Coast)
Figure 1. (●) Previous report sites of Oithona davisae (Altukhov et al. 2014), (▲) Time series stations and (+) sampling locations.
Data from: Seasonal host community dynamics constrain the risk of parasite transmission between migrant and resident species
<p>Seasonal migration shapes the community dynamics that influence pathogen transmission between migrants and resident species. While theoretical and empirical evidence has accumulated, whether migration increases or decreases the risk of cross-species infection remains inconclusive. We studied how the seasonal arrival and departure of a single avian migrant species change the composition of local communities in breeding areas affecting the haemosporidian infection dynamics. The seasonal reordering of resident species abundances induced by migrants, minimizes the opportunities for contact between highly infected hosts and susceptible species, either migrants or residents, thereby limiting the transmission of parasites to occasional spillover events. The occurrence of spillover dynamics during the seasonal sympatry between migrants and residents provides a plausible explanation that reconciles empirical inconsistencies in the intersection of animal migration and infection risk at the host community level. Our findings underscore the critical role played by seasonality in shaping infection dynamics in migratory systems.</p>
Supporting datasets for the article Using rare event algorithms to understand the statistics and dynamics of extreme heatwave seasons in South Asia
<h3>Supporting datasets for the article<em><strong> Using rare event algorithms to understand the statistics and dynamics of extreme heatwave seasons in South Asia, </strong></em>submitted to <em>Environmental Research: Climate</em></h3> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains all intermediate data used for the article. The raw outputs of the model may be available upon reasonable request to clement.lpr@gmail.com</p> <p>The climate model Plasim can be downloaded, together with its documentation, from the webpage of the « Theoretische Meteorologie » group at the University of Hamburg: <a href="https://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/en/arbeitsgruppen/theoretische-meteorologie/modelle/plasim.html">https://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/en/arbeitsgruppen/theoretische-meteorologie/modelle/plasim.html</a></p> <p>The three jupyter notebooks <a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/Figures_article_archive.ipynb/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Figures_article_archive.ipynb</a>, <a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/Zg500_maps_article_archive.ipynb/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Zg500_maps_article_archive.ipynb</a>, <a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/Correlation_maps_3days_ERA5_Plasim_archive.ipynb/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Correlation_maps_3days_ERA5_Plasim_archive.ipynb</a> contain the analysis and code used to produce the figures in the article.</p> <p><strong><a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/pyscripts.tar/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pyscripts.tar</a> </strong>contains 4 python utilities, <em>data_proceeding_module.py, plot_routines.py, subseasonal_stats_utilities.py, utilities_REA_analysis.py </em>that are imported by the notebooks.</p>
Vitellogenins level as a biomarker of the honey bee colony seasonal dynamics
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Coping with seasonality: dynamics of adult body mass and survival in an alpine hibernator
<p><span>Alpine mammals are highly vulnerable to current and projected climate change because they are confined to a certain elevation range. Physiological and behavioural adaptations in burrowing species, such as finding shelter in burrows when the summer conditions are unfavorable and hibernating in winter during the stressful period of resource shortage, could partly buffer the negative impacts of these forecasted changes. We studied the links between environmental factors and annual variations in adult mass and survival over 14 years in hoary marmots. We hypothesized that annual variation in seasonal environmental factors determines individual mass and survival through direct effects on food quality and availability, expecting greater survival when marmots reach higher mass before hibernation. We found that harsh winters decreased mass at emergence from hibernation by 47% compared with mild winters. Nonetheless, adult marmots had a greater mass gain in summers following harsh winters and reached a similar mass at the end of the summer compared with summers following mild winters. This result suggests individuals can adopt a resource allocation strategy that allows maximizing summer mass gain to survive hibernation. Earlier springs also increased summer mass gain by 15 g/day, and tended to increase apparent adult survival by 23%, compared with late springs. While these findings suggest a warming climate could have positive effects on summer mass gain and survival, survival also tended to decrease by 24% in summers with more precipitation. This result suggests the forecasted changes in precipitation extremes could also trigger considerable</span><span> </span><span>negative effects on the demography of burrowing species in the long term. Our study shows</span><span> </span><span>that, although burrowing and hibernating behaviours could buffer responses to</span><span> </span><span>environmental changes, these behaviours are not an indefectible shield against climate</span><span> </span><span>change.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.