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183 results for “social wasp”
Figure 1 from: Starr CK, Bhukal R, Ballah ST (2020) Observations of neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) preying on eggs and tadpoles of the frog Engystomops pustulosus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 78: 91-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.78.54409
Figure 1 Stages in the disintegration of Engystomops pustulosus foam nests. a Stage 1; fresh, domed above the water b Stage 2; distinctly flatter, but still coherent c Stage 3; very flat and losing coherence.
Data from: Socially selected ornaments and fitness: signals of fighting ability in paper wasps are positively associated with survival, reproductive success, and rank
Many animals have ornaments that mediate choice and competition in social and sexual contexts. Individuals with elaborate sexual ornaments typically have higher fitness than those with less elaborate ornaments, but less is known about whether socially selected ornaments are associated with fitness. Here, we test the relationship between fitness and facial patterns that are a socially-selected signal of fighting ability in Polistes dominula wasps. We found wasps that signal higher fighting ability have larger nests, are more likely to survive harsh winters, and obtain higher dominance rank than wasps that signal lower fighting ability. In comparison, body weight was not associated with fitness. Larger wasps were dominant over smaller wasps, but showed no difference nest size or survival. Overall, the positive relationship between wasp facial patterns and fitness indicates that receivers can obtain diverse information about a signaler's phenotypic quality by paying attention to socially selected ornaments. Therefore, there are surprisingly strong parallels between the information conveyed by socially and sexually selected signals. Similar fitness relationships in social and sexually selected signals may be one reason it can be difficult to distinguish the role of social versus sexual selection in ornament evolution.
Data from: Convergent reversion to single mating in a wasp social parasite
While eusociality arose in species with single-mating females, multiple mating by queens has evolved repeatedly across the social ants, bees, and wasps. Understanding the benefits and costs of multiple mating of queens is important because polyandry results in reduced relatedness between siblings, reducing kin-selected benefits of helping while also selecting for secondary social traits that reduce intracolony conflict. The leading hypothesis for the benefits of polyandry in social insects emphasizes advantages of a genetically diverse workforce. Workerless social parasite species (inquilines) provide a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis, since they are derived from social ancestors but do not produce workers of their own. Such parasites are thus predicted to evolve single mating because they would experience the costs of multiple mating but not the benefits if such benefits accrue through the production of a genetically diverse group of workers. Here we show that the workerless social parasite Dolichovespula arctica, a derived parasite of wasps, has reverted to obligate single mating from a facultatively polyandrous ancestor, mirroring a similar reversion from obligate polyandry to approximate monandry in a social parasite of fungus-farming ants. This finding and a comparison with two other cases where inquilinism did not induce reversal to monandry support the hypothesis that facultative polyandry can be costly and may be maintained by benefits of a genetically diverse workforce.
Data from: Using social parasitism to test reproductive skew models in a primitively eusocial wasp
Remarkable variation exists in the distribution of reproduction (skew) among members of cooperatively breeding groups, both within and between species. Reproductive skew theory has provided an important framework for understanding this variation. In the primitively eusocial Hymenoptera, two models have been routinely tested: concessions models, which assume complete control of reproduction by a dominant individual, and tug-of-war models, which assume on-going competition among group members over reproduction. Current data provide little support for either model, but uncertainty about the ability of individuals to detect genetic relatedness and difficulties in identifying traits conferring competitive ability mean that the relative importance of concessions versus tug-of-war remains unresolved. Here, we suggest that the use of social parasitism to generate meaningful variation in key social variables represents a valuable opportunity to explore the mechanisms underpinning reproductive skew within the social Hymenoptera. We present a direct test of concessions and tug-of-war models in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus by exploiting pronounced changes in relatedness and power structures that occur following replacement of the dominant by a congeneric social parasite. Comparisons of skew in parasitized and unparasitized colonies are consistent with a tug-of-war over reproduction within P. dominulus groups, but provide no evidence for reproductive concessions.
Data from: Distributed cognition and social brains: reductions in mushroom body investment accompanied the origins of sociality in wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
The social brain hypothesis assumes the evolution of social behaviour changes animals' ecological environments, and predicts evolutionary shifts in social structure will be associated with changes in brain investment. Most social brain models to date assume social behaviour imposes additional cognitive challenges to animals, favouring the evolution of increased brain investment. Here, we present a modification of social brain models, which we term the distributed cognition hypothesis. Distributed cognition models assume group members can rely on social communication instead of individual cognition; these models predict reduced brain investment in social species. To test this hypothesis, we compared brain investment among 29 species of wasps (Vespidae family), including solitary species and social species with a wide range of social attributes (i.e. differences in colony size, mode of colony founding and degree of queen/worker caste differentiation). We compared species means of relative size of mushroom body (MB) calyces and the antennal to optic lobe ratio, as measures of brain investment in central processing and peripheral sensory processing, respectively. In support of distributed cognition predictions, and in contrast to patterns seen among vertebrates, MB investment decreased from solitary to social species. Among social species, differences in colony founding, colony size and caste differentiation were not associated with brain investment differences. Peripheral lobe investment did not covary with social structure. These patterns suggest the strongest changes in brain investment—a reduction in central processing brain regions—accompanied the evolutionary origins of eusociality in Vespidae.
FIGURE 3 in Protopolybia aliciae, a new polistine social wasp from Brazilian Amazonia (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini)
FIGURE 3. Nest of Protopolybia aliciae sp. n. (scale bar = 1 cm).
FIGURE 1 in Protopolybia aliciae, a new polistine social wasp from Brazilian Amazonia (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini)
FIGURE 1. Lateral view of Protopolybia aliciae sp. n. (wing length: 4 mm)
Fig. 44 in Taxonomic notes on social wasps of the groups of Mischocyttarus wagneri (Buysson 1908) and M. barbatus Richards 1945 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Fig. 44. Scattergram of ratio variables for species of the group of M. wagneri: x axis – LSI HMP (length of first metasomal segment over height of mesopleuron); y axis – LDIS HMP (length of fore wing discal cell over height of mesopleuron); open squares: M. wagneri; pink filled squares: M. mourei; black asterisks: M. proximus; blue filled triangles: M. camanducaia sp. nov.; black filled diamonds: M. declaratus.
Figs. 35–43. 35–38 in Taxonomic notes on social wasps of the groups of Mischocyttarus wagneri (Buysson 1908) and M. barbatus Richards 1945 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Figs. 35–43. 35–38: frontal view of female head (35: M. camanducaia sp. nov., holotype, Brazil, MG, Camanducaia, MPEG; 36: M. declaratus, MG, Barroso, MPEG; 37: M. imeldai, holotype, Peru, IOC; 38: M. imeldai, Bolivia, NHM); 39 and 42: general lateral body view of males (39: M. proximus, SP, Campos do Jordão, MPEG; 42: M. declaratus, MG, Barroso, MPEG); 40–41: male M. imeldai (Peru, NHM) showing mandibles, clypeus and lower face (40) and antennal flagellum (41); 43: anterior-ventral view of face of male M. declaratus (MG, Barroso; MPEG); all scales = 0.50 mm, except Figs. 39 and 42 (= 1.0 mm); scales in figs. (37–38), (40) are estimates.
Figs. 27–34 in Taxonomic notes on social wasps of the groups of Mischocyttarus wagneri (Buysson 1908) and M. barbatus Richards 1945 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Figs. 27–34. General dorsal and lateral body views (females). 27–28: M. mourei (Brazil, PR, Curitiba, paralectotype, IOC); 29–30: M. barbatus (Colombia: Antioquia, MPEG); 31–32: M. mixtus (Mexico: Chiapas, EBCC); 33–34: M. imeldai (33 dorsal – holotype, Peru, IOC) (34 lateral – Bolivia, NHM); all scales = 1.0 mm; scales in figs. (27–28), (33–34) are estimates.
Figs. 19–26 in Taxonomic notes on social wasps of the groups of Mischocyttarus wagneri (Buysson 1908) and M. barbatus Richards 1945 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Figs. 19–26. General dorsal and lateral body views (females; all from Brazil). 19–20: M. wagneri (RS, Sta. Cruz do Sul; MPEG); 21–22: M. camanducaia sp. nov. (holotype: MG, Camanducaia; MPEG); 23–24: M. proximus (SP, Campos do Jordão; MPEG); 25–26: M. declaratus (MG, Barroso; MPEG); all scales = 1.0 mm.
Fig. 4 in Notes on the nest of the social wasp Pseudopolybia langi (Hym., Vespidae, Polistinae)
Fig. 4. Images of nests or their remains: (A) Angiopolybia pallens (envelope removed) 1 – downmost secondary comb hanging by a pedicel from the one just above, 2 – adjustment to vertical orientation of comb series from an oblique pedicel (and substrate); (B) A. pallens nest (envelope partially removed) adapted to a vertical substrate consisting of twigs and leaves, 1 – same as A-1; (C) remains of A. pallens nest showing two stacks of combs (arrows indicating secondary pedicels), showing lateral fusion (on upper side of the photograph; 3); (D) same as (C), lateral view; (E) Pseudopolybia dificillis, envelope structure and comb arrangement; (F) Leipomeles dorsata, 2 – combs at marginal oblique sector of the substrate–leaf adjusting to a vertical orientation. All nest specimens in MPEG collection.
Fig. 3 in Metapolybia araujoi, a new species of swarming social wasp from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest (Vespidae: Polistinae)
Fig. 3. (A) M. encantata – head and mesosoma in lateral view; (B) M. suffusa – head and mesosoma in lateral view; (C) M. suffusa – metasoma in lateral view; (D) M. rufata – head in frontal view; (E) M. suffusa – head in frontal view.
Figs. 1–10 in Notes on social wasps of the group of Mischocyttarus (Omega) punctatus (Ducke), with description of six new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Figs. 1–10. Schematic drawings showing proportions and measurements of body parts. 1–6: first metasomal segment in dorsal view respectively of: (1) Mischocyttarus ryani sp. nov.; (2) M. punctatus; (3) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (4) M. rodriguesi sp. nov.; (5) M. caxiuana sp. nov.; (6) M. verissimoi sp. nov. (length = 2.78 mm); (7) head, frontal; (8) pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal; (9) mesosoma, lateral; (10) left anterior wing. FHH: height of head; INTOW: distance between eyes at ocular sinus; HCLP, WCLP: height and width of clypeus; WCAR: width of pronotal carina; LMS, WMS: length and width of mesoscutum; HMP: height of mesopleuron; LDIS: length of discal cell of fore wing; LSI,WSI:length and apical width of first metasomal segment.
Figure 1 in New records of predation of Samea multiplicalis (Guenée, 1854) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) on Salvinia auriculata (Aublet, 1775) (Salviniales: Salviniaceae) in Brazil
Figure 1. Social wasps foraging Samea multiplicalis on Salvinia auriculata plants. A-B. Polybia ignobilis. C-D. Polybia fastidiosuscula. D-E. Brachygastra lecheguana. G-H. Protonectarina sylveirae. / Avispas sociales alimentándose de Samea multiplicalis en plantas de Salvinia auriculata. A-B. Polybia ignobilis. C-D. Polybia fastidiosuscula. D-E. Brachygastra lecheguana. G-H. Protonectarina sylveirae.
Figure 1 in Nesting behaviour of Neotropical social wasps of the genus Clypearia de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Figure 1. Location map showing the sampling areas in different Brazilian biomes.
Table 1 in Nesting behaviour of Neotropical social wasps of the genus Clypearia de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Nests of the social wasp <i>Clypearia</i> (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) fixed in plant substrate in ecological conditions in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais State, and associated with ants in Amazon Forest, Amazonas, and Pará State, Brazil.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>Substrate, ecological condition and state</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>C. angustior</i></th><td>Trunk of arboreous species, around 80 m from the water and 5 m above the ground, Barroso</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>municipality, Minas Gerais State.</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. angustior</i></th><td>Trunk of <i>Pyrus</i> sp. (Rosaceae) in an agricultural area, around 5 m from a river and 1.5 m above the</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ground (Barroso, Minas Gerais State, Brazil).</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. angustior</i></th><td>Tree trunk in an ombrophilous forest, around 3 m from a river and 3.2 m above the ground (Parque</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais State, Brazil).</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. apicipennis</i></th><td>Tree trunk in a wetland (Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil) in the Amazon rainforest.</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. weyrauchi</i></th><td>Two colonies in mango tree <i>Mangifera indica</i> L. (Anacardiaceae), over 4 m above the ground, in</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Amazonas State.</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. sulcata</i></th><td>In a non-identified tree, over 1.5 m above the ground, 7 m from a lake and 10 cm and 40 cm,</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>respectively, from two colonies of the ant <i>Azteca chartifex</i>, Pará State.</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 5 in The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) of a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil
Figure 5. Number of wasps collected at different times of the day in the three fragments.
Figure 1 in The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) of a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil
Figure 1. Location of the Michelin Ecological Reserve (MER).
Figure 3 in The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) of a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil
Figure 3. Dendrogram of similarity among wasp surveys carried out in the Atlantic Forest.
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