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709 results for “soil carbon”
Nitrogen cycling at treeline. III. Total Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content
We studied spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen pools and fluxes in soils at treeline and forested sites within three mountain ranges across a 785 km transect in Alaska during 2001- 2002. We measured pools of soil mineral (ammonium and nitrate) and organic (amino acid and microbial biomass) nitrogen, in situ rates of net mineralization, net nitrification, net amino acid production, and decomposition, as well as soil carbon turnover in a laboratory incubation experiment. A complete characterization of the study can be found in Loomis et al. (2006).
Soil carbon: Successional Dynamics on a Resampled Chronosequence
The purpose of this observational study is to describe the dynamics of ecosystem succession. The change in the number, type, and amount of plant and grazing animal species is monitored in more than 20 fields. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. Permanent transects have been established in these abandoned fields for purposes of sampling in a consistent location from year to year. Permanent plots along these transects have been used to sample soil nutrients, (in particular, nitrogen) abundance of vegetation, species composition and herbivore populations. The sampling occurs approximately every 6 years. In the initial survey, 100 quadrats of size 1 by 0.5 m were sampled per field in 23 different fields. Abandoned fields included in E014 are 4, 5, 10, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 70, 72, 76, 77. Fields 22(B), 29(A), and 69(C) were originally included in E014 but used for other purposes shortly after the start of the study. This experiment was established in 1983 and 1989 by principal investigators Johannes Knops and David Tilman. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that th
Soil carbon: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how initially disturbing an area and adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. This experiment is conducted within fields (A, B, and C) which were initially low in soil nutrients. The ground was disturbed by thoroughly disking the area prior to establishment of the experiment. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. There are six replicates of each treatment per field. The treatments were randomly assigned to plots of size 4 by 4 meters. The plots are in 6 plot by 9 plot grids with 1 meter aisles between plots. The plot grids are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. In the spring of 1992, subexperiments E097 and E098 were established. E097 is in fields A and C where randomly selected plots within each treatment no longer receive fertilizer. E098 is in field B where randomly selected plots within each treatment are burned. Note that the design of E002 is similar to E001 except E002 was thoroughly disked prior to establishment.
Soil carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal effects on soil carbon storage, root litter decomposition, and fungal necromass decomposition
This project investigates the impacts of ectomycorrhizal-saprotrophic fungal interactions on soil C storage and the decomposition of root litter and fungal necromass. Specifically, we conducted a field experiment wherein the ectomycorrhizal:saprotrophic fungal ratio was reduced via experimental trenching (with control plots left untrenched). From these plots we then measured bulk soil C stocks, particulate organic matter C stocks, mineral associated organic matter C stocks, and the decomposition of root litter and fungal necromass. The Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CCESR) experiment name is e309 "The effects of mycelial morphology and mycorrhizal type on fungal necromass decomposition."
Soil percent carbon and nitrogen from 9 hillslopes sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Percent carbon and percent nitrogen of soil were analyzed as part of the hillslope plots in Macon County, North Carolina. There were 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments. There were 12 10 x 10-m plots at each site. A soil probe was used to collect soils from 3 depths at each plot: 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30 + cm. Soil was then dried, processed, and analyzed for percent C & N at the Coweeta Analytical Laboratory.
Soil carbon cycling response to hemlock mortality at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
We studied the impacts of hemlock mortality from infestation by the hemlock woolly adlegid (HWA) on soil carbon cycling at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. The HWA was first found at Coweeta in 2003. In 2013 and 2014, we re-sampled plots established in an earlier study by Elliott and others. There were 12 20 x 20 m plots: 4 were control hardwood stands, 4 were untreated hemlock communities, and 4 were hemlock that were girdled. We measured soil C and N concentration, soil delta 13 C, exoemzyme activities, root biomass, soil respiration, forest floor mass, and fungal hyphal biomass.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Landscape scale (valley-wide) soil carbon and nitrogen cycling data
The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. This dataset includes total soil carbon, nitrogen and organic matter content, potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates, microbial respiration rates, soil water content and holding capacity, soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations, soil pH, and tree composition in a subset of 100 randomly selected plots in 2000. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. An analysis of these data can be found in: Venterea, R. T., Lovett, G. M., Groffman, P. M., & Schwarz, P. A. (2003). Landscape patterns of net nitrification in a northern hardwood-conifer forest. Soil Science Soc. Amer. J., 67, 527–539. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5270
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Temperature, Soil Frost, and Snow Depth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes soil temperature (winter 2021-2022) and snow depth and frost depth (winter 2022-2023) at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
PCN01 Plant and soil carbon and nitrogen pool data from the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Data describe the carbon and nitrogen pools in combustible aboveground litter, and in shoots, roots, litter, and soil at the end of the growing season at the Belowground Plot Experiment in 2021.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Carbon Dioxide Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Humans are creating significant global environmental change, including shifts in climate, increased nitrogen (N) deposition, and the facilitation of species invasions. A multi-factorial field experiment is being performed in an arid grassland within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to simulate increased nighttime temperature, higher N deposition, and heightened El Nino frequency (which increases winter precipitation by an average of 50%). The purpose of the experiment is to better understand the potential effects of environmental drivers on grassland community composition, aboveground net primary production and soil respiration. The focus is on the response of two dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and B eriopoda), in an ecotone near their range margins and thus these species may be particularly susceptible to global environmental change. It is hypothesized that warmer summer temperatures and increased evaporation will favor growth of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), a desert grass, but that increased winter precipitation and/or available nitrogen will favor the growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), a shortgrass prairie species. Treatment effects on limiting resources (soil moisture, nitrogen availability, species abundance, and net primary production (NPP) are all being measured to determine the interactive effects of key global change drivers on arid grassland plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. This dataset shows values of soil moisture, soil temperature, and the CO2 flux of the amount of CO2 that has moved from soil to air. On 4 August 2009 lightning ignited a ~3300 ha wildfire that burned through the experiment and its surroundings. Because desert grassland fires are patchy, not all of the replicate plots burned in the wildfire. Therefore, seven days after the wildfire was extinguished, the Sevilleta NWR Fire Crew thoroughly burned the remaining plots allowing us to assess experimentally the effects of interactions among multip
The age distribution of global soil carbon inferred from radiocarbon measurements
<p>We use 789 radiocarbon (∆<sup>14</sup>C) profiles, along with other geospatial information, to create globally-gridded datasets of mineral soil ∆<sup>14</sup>C and mean age. The spatial resolution is 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree and the vertical resolution is at each 1 cm increment to a soil depth of 1 meter.</p>
Data from: Soil organic carbon stability in forests: distinct effects of tree species identity and traits
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased interest in the potential for forest ecosystems and soils to act as carbon (C) sinks. While soil organic C contents often vary with tree species identity, little is known about if, and how, tree species influence the stability of C in soil. Using a 40‐year‐old common garden experiment with replicated plots of eleven temperate tree species, we investigated relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) stability in mineral soils and 17 ecological factors (including tree tissue chemistry, magnitude of organic matter inputs and their turnover, microbial community descriptors, and soil physico‐chemical properties). We measured five SOM stability indices, including heterotrophic respiration, C in aggregate‐occluded particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated SOM, and bulk SOM δ15N and ∆14C. The stability of SOM varied substantially among tree species and this variability was independent of the amount of organic C in soils. Thus, when considering forest soils as C sinks, the stability of C stocks must be considered in addition to their size. Further, our results suggest tree species regulate soil C stability via the composition of their tissues, especially roots. Stability of SOM appeared to be greater (as indicated by higher δ15N and reduced respiration) beneath species with higher concentrations of nitrogen and lower amounts of acid‐insoluble compounds in their roots, while SOM stability appeared to be lower (as indicated by higher respiration and lower proportions of C in aggregate‐occluded POM) beneath species with higher tissue calcium contents. The proportion of C in mineral‐associated SOM and bulk soil ∆14C, though, were negligibly dependent on tree species traits, likely reflecting an insensitivity of some SOM pools to decadal‐scale shifts in ecological factors. Strategies aiming to increase soil C stocks may thus focus on particulate C pools, which can more easily be manipulated and are most sensitive to climate change.
Dataset for "Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland"
<p>This is the dataset (ver. 2017.02.13) for the manuscript "Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland" submitted to the journal <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em>.</p>
Quantification of soil organic carbon: the challenge of biochar-induced spatial heterogeneity
<p>R-script and output from model on spatially discrete biochar application and its influence on representative SOC sampling. An additional document to explain the data curation is also available ("Comment on Data curation").</p><p> </p>
Unpublished data: Quantifying CO2 Emissions and Carbon Sequestration from Digestate-Amended Soil Using Natural 13C Abundance as a Tracer
<p>Unprocessed data of CO2 evolution measured daily on cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyser (G2201-i CRDS isotopic CO2/CH4 analyser, Picarro, Santa Clara, CA, USA).</p>
Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism
<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in mediating community structure and metabolic activities of belowground biota. Unraveling the evolution of belowground communities and their feedback mechanisms on SOC dynamics helps embed the ecology of soil microbiome into carbon cycling, which serves to improve biodiversity conservation and carbon management strategy under global change. Here, croplands with a SOC gradient were used to understand how belowground metabolisms and SOC decomposition were linked to the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence networks of belowground communities encompassing archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates. As SOC decreased, the diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes also decreased, but their network complexity showed contrasting patterns: prokaryotes increased due to intensified niche overlap, while that of eukaryotes decreased possibly because of greater dispersal limitation owing to the breakdown of macro aggregates. Despite the decrease in biodiversity and SOC stocks, the belowground metabolic capacity was enhanced as indicated by increased enzyme activity and decreased enzymatic stoichiometric imbalance. This could, in turn, expedite carbon loss through respiration, particularly in the slow-cycling pool. The enhanced belowground metabolic capacity was dominantly driven by greater multitrophic network complexity and particularly negative (competitive and predator-prey) associations, which fostered the stability of the belowground metacommunity. Interestingly, soil abiotic conditions including pH, aeration, and nutrient stocks, exhibited a less significant role. Overall, this study reveals a greater need for soil C resources across multitrophic levels to maintain metabolic functionality as declining SOC results in biodiversity loss. Our researchers highlight the importance of integrating belowground biological processes into models of SOC turnover, to improve agroecosystem functioning and carbon management in the face of intensifying anthropogenic land-use and climate change.</p>
Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna
<p>The dataset associated with the manuscript "Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna" (Teixeira et al.) includes 6 different datasets, for which we provided one metadata.<br> </p> <p><strong>Version 2</strong> includes an update of the biomass data set, including the correct transformation to g/m2 on fine roots biomass data.<br><br><strong>Version 3 </strong>includes an update of the belowground traits data set based on correcting formatting errors in the belowground traits data. <br><br><strong>Version 4 </strong>Sorry for the inconvenience. This version includes the correct updated belowground traits data file based on the correct formatting errors in the belowground trait data. <br><br>fluxes: it includes data related to net ecosystem C and water exchange. NEE and ET from each plot were measured using the LiCOR 7500 infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Inc.). See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>soil_carbon: it includes carbon soil data.<br><br>biomass_v2: it includes data related to aboveground and belowground biomass. Aboveground data were collected in 0.5m2 subplot and belowground at 0.25m2 at 20cm depth both within 1m2 sampling plot. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>aboveground_traits: all aboveground functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>belowground_traitsv3: all roots functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>species_composition: plant community composition. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p><br><strong>Abstract</strong><br>Fire is an evolutionary environmental filter in tropical savanna ecosystems altering functional diversity and associated C pools in the biosphere and fluxes between the atmosphere and biosphere. Therefore, alterations in fire regimes (e.g. fire exclusion) will strongly influence ecosystem processes and associated dynamics. In those ecosystems, C dynamics and functions are underestimated by the fire-induced offset between C output and input. To determine how fire shapes ecosystem C pools and fluxes in an open savanna across recently burned and fire excluded areas, we measured the following metrics: (I) plant diversity including taxonomic (i.e. richness, evenness) and plant functional diversity (i.e. functional diversity, functional richness, functional dispersion and community weighted means); (II) structure (i.e. above- and below-ground biomass, litter accumulation); and (III) functions related to C balance (i.e. net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub> </sub>exchange (NEE), ecosystem transpiration (ET), soil respiration (soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux), ecosystem water use efficiency (eWUE) and total soil organic C (SOC). We found that fire promoted aboveground live and belowground biomass, including belowground organs, and coarse and fine root biomass, and contributed to higher biomass allocation belowground. Fire also increased both functional diversity and dispersion. NEE and total SOC were higher in burned plots compared to fire-excluded plots whereas soil respiration recorded lower values in burned areas. Both ET and eWUE were not affected by fire. Fire strongly favored functional diversity, fine root, and belowground organ biomass in piecewise SEM models but the role of both functional diversity and ecosystem structure to mediate the effect of fire on ecosystem functions remain unclear. Fire regime will impact C balance, and fire exclusion may lead to lower C input in open savanna ecosystems.</p>
Radiocarbon Isotopic Disequilibrium Shows Little Incorporation of New Carbon in Mineral Soils of a Boreal Forest Ecosystem
<p><span>Files for the manuscript “</span><span>Radiocarbon Isotopic Disequilibrium Shows Little Incorporation of New Carbon in Soils and Fast Cycling of a </span><span>Boreal</span><span> Forest Ecosystem”</span></p> <p> </p> <p>1. “Raw_Data” folder contains the files in .xlsx:</p> <p>- Lab_Atmospheric_Samples: D14C results from ambient air at the sampled heights.</p> <p>- Lab_Soil_Respiration: D14C results with date and integration time for the FFSR sampling<span> </span>campaign.</p> <p>- Lab_Solid_Samples:<span> </span>D14C and TOC results for soil, vegetation, roots, fungi and incubation samples.</p>
scmcclelland/joint-mediation-study: Data, Analysis, and Figure Scripts for "Soil organic carbon sequestration jointly-mediated by plants and microbes after compost application"
<p>This repository contains data, analysis, and figure scripts to create findings from the manuscript "Soil organic carbon sequestration jointly-mediated by plants and microbes after compost application" currently under minor revisions.</p> <p>This release includes updated code, primarily improvements to figures, and a new script for a supplementary map figure.</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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