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467 results for “soil nitrogen”

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zenodo36/100

Dataset on soil and soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry

Dataset on soil and soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry. This dataset is compiled for for the scientific paper entitled "Interpreting stoichiometric homeostasis and flexibility of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus" (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110018).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Soil nitrogen mediates the effect of distance from climatic center on herbivory rates in a tropical herb

The center-periphery hypothesis predicts that species are most abundant at the center of their range. Differential herbivory rates between center and periphery populations can explain this variation in species abundance. However, if the geographic center of a species distribution coincides with its ecological optimum, the resource availability hypothesis predicts higher herbivory rates and tolerances at the center compared to the periphery. Biogeographic studies on herbivory have treated these two mechanisms separately, limiting our mechanistic understanding of the role of herbivory in shaping species range limits. We analyzed the role of resource availability on herbivory variation from center to periphery using data collected across the distribution of Thunberbia atacorensis, a range limited species of West Africa. We used two types of distances: geographic distance (the distance from each plot to the geographic center of all populations) and climatic distance (the distance from each plot to the preferendum of the species). We found no increase in herbivory toward the periphery of the climatic and geographic ranges. However, herbivory rates increased with soil nitrogen. Nitrogen in soil decrease from center to periphery of climatic range. Phylogenetic diversity and surrounding plants' competition did not affect herbivory rates. Our study provides insights into how nutrient limitation can shape species center-periphery distribution by altering spatial variation in herbivory rates.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability

Interactions between soil nitrogen (N) availability, fungal community composition, and soil organic matter (SOM) regulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in many forest ecosystems, but context dependency in these relationships has precluded general predictive theory. We found that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi with peroxidases decreased with increasing inorganic N availability across a natural inorganic N gradient in northern temperate forests, whereas ligninolytic fungal saprotrophs exhibited no response. Lignin-derived SOM and soil C were negatively correlated with ECM fungi with peroxidases and were positively correlated with inorganic N availability, suggesting decay of lignin-derived SOM by these ECM fungi reduced soil C storage. The correlations we observed link SOM decay in temperate forests to tradeoffs in tree N nutrition and ECM composition, and we propose SOM varies along a single continuum across temperate and boreal ecosystems depending upon how tree allocation to functionally distinct ECM taxa and environmental stress covary with soil N availability.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Wild legumes maintain beneficial soil rhizobia populations despite decades of nitrogen deposition

Natural landscapes are increasingly impacted by nitrogen enrichment from aquatic and airborne pollution sources. Nitrogen enrichment in the environment can eliminate the net benefits that plants gain from nitrogen-fixing microbes such as rhizobia, potentially altering host-mediated selection on nitrogen fixation. However, we know little about the long-term effects of nitrogen enrichment on this critical microbial service. Here, we sampled populations of the legume Acmispon strigosus and its associated soil microbial communities from sites spanning an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient. We measured the net growth benefits plants obtained from their local soil microbial communities and quantified plant investment into nodules that house nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. We found that plant growth benefits from sympatric soil microbes did not vary in response to local soil nitrogen levels, and instead varied mainly among plant lines. Soil nitrogen levels positively predicted the number of nodules formed on sympatric plant hosts, although this was likely due to plant genotypic variation in nodule formation, rather than variation among soil microbial communities. The capacity of all the tested soil microbial communities to improve plant growth is consistent with plant populations imposing strong selection on rhizobial nitrogen fixation despite elevated soil nitrogen levels, suggesting that host control traits in A. strigosus are stable under long-term nutrient enrichment.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Dataset for manuscript entitled: Switchgrass cropping systems affect soil carbon and nitrogen and microbial diversity and activity on marginal lands

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), as a dedicated bioenergy crop, can provide cellulosic feedstock for biofuel production while improving or maintaining soil quality. However, comprehensive evaluations of how switchgrass cultivation and nitrogen (N) management impact soil and plant parameters remain incomplete. We conducted field trials in three years (2016–2018) at six locations in the North Central Great Lakes Region to evaluate the effects of cropping systems (switchgrass, restored prairie, undisturbed control) and N rates (0, 56 kg N ha-1 yr-1) on biomass yield and soil physicochemical, microbial, and enzymatic parameters. Switchgrass cropping system yielded an aboveground biomass 2.9–3.3 times higher than the other two systems (Jayawardena et al., In submission) but our study found that this biomass accumulation didn't reduce soil dissolved organic C (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), or bacterial diversity. The annual aboveground biomass removal for bioenergy feedstock, however, reduced soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and bacterial richness in the 2nd and 3rd years; despite this, continuous monocropping of switchgrass improved soil TDN, inorganic N, bacterial diversity, and shoot biomass in the 2nd and/or 3rd years when compared to the 1st year. N fertilization increased aboveground biomass yield by 1.2 times and significantly increased soil TDN, MBN, and the shoot biomass of switchgrass when compared to the unfertilized control. Locations with higher C and N contents and lower C:N ratio had higher aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN, and the activity of BG, CBH, and UREA enzymes; by contrast, locations with higher pH had higher soil TDN and activity of NAG and LAP enzymes. Our research demonstrates that switchgrass cultivation could improve or maintain soil N content and N fertilization can increase plant biomass yield. The comprehensive data also can inform future biogeochemical models to successfully implement switchgrass for bioenergy production.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

dryad36/100

High-level nitrogen additions accelerate soil respiration reduction over time in a boreal forest

Increased nitrogen (N) inputs are widely recognized to reduce soil respiration (Rs), but how N deposition affects the temporal dynamics of Rs remains unclear. Using a decade-long fertilization experiment in a boreal larch forest (Larix gmelini) in northeast China, we found that the effects of N additions on Rs showed a temporal shift from a positive effect in the short-term (increased by 8% on average in the first year) to a negative effect over the longer term (decreased by 21% on average in the eleventh year). The rates of decrease in Rs for the higher N-levels were almost twice as high as those of the low N-level. Our results suggest that the reduction in Rs in response to increased N input is accelerated by high-level N additions, and experimental high N applications are likely to overestimate the contribution of N deposition to soil carbon sequestration in boreal forest.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

dryad36/100

More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium-pathway than through the root-pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest

Plant roots and associated mycorrhizae exert a large influence on soil carbon (C) cycling. Yet, little was known whether and how roots and ectomycorrhizal extraradical mycelia differentially contribute to soil organic C (SOC) accumulation in alpine forests under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Using ingrowth cores, the relative contributions of the root-pathway (RP) (i.e., roots and rhizosphere processes) and mycelium-pathway (MP) (i.e., extraradical mycelia and hyphosphere processes) to SOC accumulation were distinguished and quantified in an ectomycorrhizal-dominated forest receiving chronic N addition (25 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Under the non-N addition, the RP facilitated SOC accumulation, while the MP reduced SOC accumulation. Nitrogen addition enhanced the positive effect of RP on SOC accumulation from +18.02 mg C g-1 to +20.55 mg C g-1 but counteracted the negative effect of MP on SOC accumulation from -5.62 mg C g-1 to -0.57 mg C g-1, as compared to the non-N addition. Compared to the non-N addition, the N-induced SOC accumulation was 1.62~2.21 mg C g-1 and 3.23~4.74 mg C g-1, in the RP and the MP, respectively. The greater contribution of MP to SOC accumulation was mainly attributed to the higher microbial C pump (MCP) efficacy (the proportion of increased microbial residual C to the increased SOC under N addition) in the MP (72.5%) relative to the RP (57%). The higher MCP efficacy in the MP was mainly associated with the higher fungal metabolic activity (i.e., the greater fungal biomass and N-acetyl glucosidase activity) and greater binding efficiency of fungal residual C to mineral surfaces than those of RP. Collectively, our findings highlight the indispensable role of mycelia and hyphosphere processes in the formation and accumulation of stable SOC in the context of increasing N deposition.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Leaf enzyme plays a more important role in leaf nitrogen resorption efficiency than soil properties along an elevation gradient

1. Nitrogen (N) resorption is a strategy for plant N conservation through which plants withdraw N from senescing leaves prior to litterfall and its underlying mechanisms are important for better understanding of N cycling. However, most current studies focused on the impacts of soil and leaf nutrients on leaf N resorption efficiency (NRE), and plant physiological regulation that is species-dependent is still unclear. 2. Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the variations of leaf NRE along an altitudinal gradient in a temperate forest of Northeastern China. 3. Results showed that leaf NRE of Q. mongolica and F. mandshurica increased with altitude, while leaf NRE of T. amurensis, A. mono and A. pseudosieboldianum exhibited an opposite trend, although the relationships were not significant for F. mandshurica and A. mono. The inconsistent responses of leaf NRE of different species to increasing altitude were primarily due to the effect of leaf Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme responsible for N translocation. Leaf GDH activity in senescing leaves explained the variation of NRE more than soil and climate factors did, suggesting that different plant species had different physiological regulation strategies for their N conservation under similar environment. 4. Synthesis. Our study highlights the role of leaf enzyme as a pivotal regulator of leaf NRE and helps us better understand and predict N cycling under climate change in forest ecosystems.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale

R code, raw datasets, and predicted global maps of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P and their stoichiometric ratios at 0-30 cm depth. When using any of these layers, please cite: Gao et al., Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale (2022). Global Change Biology. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16374

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure

Biochar can significantly change soil properties and improve soil quality. However, the effects of long-term combined application of biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on relationships between soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and crop yield are still obscure. We characterized these relationships in a long-term (8 years) field experiment with rice, two biochar rates of 0 and 13.5 t ha-1 year-1 (B0 and B) and two N fertilizer rates of 0 and 300 kg N ha-1 year-1 (N0 and N). The repeated, long-term combined applications of biochar and N fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), but biochar decreased the abundance of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the amount of total phospholipid fatty acids. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) decreased significantly in the biochar-amended and N fertilized treatment, but the LAP activity either remained unchanged or increased with biochar amendment at N0. The relative abundance of bacterial phylum Chloroflexi was increased in the combined biochar and N fertilizer treatment. The changes in soil organic matter and the activity of α-1,4-xylosidase were the major properties influencing soil bacterial community composition, whereas the structure of fungal community was governed by MBC, MBN and LAP activity. In addition, long-term biochar and N fertilizer applied together significantly increased rice yield (more than biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applied alone). Yield was significantly positively correlated with LAP activity, but significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Chloroflexi. In conclusion, long-term biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applications increased rice yield, which was associated with altered soil microbial community and enhanced activity of some enzymes.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data and code for: Influence of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil greenhouse gas fluxes from forests in China and the world

Since the industrial revolution, greenhouse gas emissions (particularly CO2, CH4, and N2O) caused by human activities have accelerated global climate change. To avoid catastrophic transitions in the Earth system, many countries including China have set goals to achieve “net zero emission” (or “carbon neutrality”) by mid-21st century. Forestland-related practices are among the most preferred “natural climate solutions”. However, high uncertainties remain in the greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soils, because of the limited capability to observe soil dynamics at a large spatial scale. Meanwhile, forest soil greenhouse gas fluxes are influenced by multiple anthropogenic environmental changes including enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition, which further complicates the interactions between forest ecosystem and the atmosphere. During the past half century, simulated nitrogen deposition (or “nitrogen addition”) experiments have been conducted in various forest sites worldwide, founding a basis for quantifying the spatially-varying responses of soil greenhouse gas flux to nitrogen deposition. In this research, we systematically synthesized global nitrogen addition experiment data from published literature and public databases, using which we explored the responses of the three major greenhouse gases to N input. Derived sensitivity of soil N2O emission to N deposition allowed for determining the N saturation (or limitation) status of global forests. Using process-augmented data-driven approach and random forest regression models, we estimated soil greenhouse gas budgets on regional and global levels. On the basis, we quantified the varying effects of N deposition on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in N-limited and N-saturated forests across biomes.  The produced global map of N-saturated forests in this research could facilitate studies on carbon and nitrogen cycles and improve forest nitrogen management. The revealed response patterns and response factors of soil greenhouse gases to N input could help improve the structure and parameters of ecosystem models. Furthermore, the localized N2O emission factors for 145 countries could be used to reduce the uncertainties in their national greenhouse gas inventories. The “process-augmented data-driven” approach could potentially bridge the gap between site-level manipulative experiments and the demand for regional greenhouse gas budgets, allowing manipulative experiments to play a more important role in global change research.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: More diverse rhizobial communities can lead to higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates, even in nitrogen-rich soils

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) by legumes and their rhizobial partners is one of the most important sources of bioavailable nitrogen to terrestrial ecosystems. While most work on the regulation of SNF has focused on abiotic drivers such as light, water, and soil nutrients, the diversity of rhizobia with which an individual legume partners may play an important but under-recognized role in regulating nitrogen inputs from SNF. By experimentally manipulating the diversity of rhizobia available to legumes, we demonstrate that rhizobial diversity can increase average SNF rates by more than 90%, and that high rhizobial diversity can induce increased SNF even under conditions of high soil N fertilization. However, the effects of rhizobial diversity, the conditions under which diversity effects were strongest, and the likely mechanisms driving these diversity effects differed between the two legume species we assessed. These results provide evidence that biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships can occur at scales of an individual plant, and that the effects of rhizobial diversity may be as important as long-established abiotic factors, such as nitrogen availability, in driving terrestrial nitrogen inputs via SNF.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Unlocking higher methane yields and digestate nitrogen availability in soil through thermal treatment of feedstocks in a two-step anaerobic digestion- Dataset

This is a data set for the article "Unlocking higher methane yields and digestate nitrogen availability in soil through thermal treatment of feedstocks in a two-step anaerobic digestion",  published in Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture journal.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Desiccation and rehydration of mosses greatly increases resource fluxes that alter soil carbon and nitrogen cycling

1. Mosses often have positive effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, but we know little about how environmentally determined cycles of desiccation and rehydration in mosses influence these processes. 2. In this context, we compared carbon and nitrogen in throughfall after precipitation passed through eight moss species that were either hydrated continuously or desiccated and rehydrated. Also, the throughfall of four moss species was added to soil and used to determine the net effect of carbon and nitrogen added in moss throughfall on soil CO2 and N2O efflux. 3. Depending on the species, desiccated-rehydrated (rehydrated) mosses lost 2-31 times more carbon in throughfall than mosses that were continuously hydrated (hydrated). Hydrated mosses lost little to no detectable nitrogen; whereas most rehydrated mosses lost some nitrogen in throughfall. Throughfall from both hydrated and rehydrated mosses generated higher CO2 and N2O efflux than water treated soils, but rehydrated moss throughfall promoted larger N2O efflux than hydrated moss throughfall. Throughfall from hydrated mosses caused net negative changes in soil carbon and had very little effect on soil nitrogen, whereas throughfall from rehydrated mosses generated positive changes in soil carbon and nitrogen. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that resources lost from desiccated mosses during rehydration influence soil carbon and nitrogen transformations and may be important drivers of carbon and nitrogen cycling and storage in ecosystems.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

dryad36/100

Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing

Dryland (arid and semi-arid) ecosystems globally provide more than half of livestock production and store roughly one-third of soil organic carbon (SOC). Biogeochemical pools are changing due toshrub encroachment, livestock grazing, and climate change. We assessed how vegetation microsite, grazing, and precipitation interacted to affect SOC and total nitrogen (TN) at a site with long-term grazing manipulations and well-described patterns of shrub encroachment across elevation and mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradients. We analyzed SOC and TN in the context of vegetation cover at ungrazed locations within livestock exclosures, high-inten- sity grazing locations near water sources, and moderate-intensity grazing locations away from water. SOC was enhanced by MAP (p<0.0001), but grazing intensity had little effect regardless of MAP (p = 0.12). Shrubs enhanced SOC (300–1279 g C m2) and TN (27–122 g N m2), except at high MAP where the contribution or stabilization of shrub inputs relative to grassland inputs was likely diminished. Cover of perennial herbaceous plants and litter were significant predictors of SOC (r2 = 0.63 and 0.34, respectively) and TN (r2 = 0.64 and 0.30, respectively). Our results suggest that continued shrub encroachment in drylands can increase SOC storage when grass production remains high, although this response may saturate with higher MAP. In contrast, grazing – at least at the intensities of our sites – has a lesser effect. These effects underscore the need to understand how future climate and grazing may interact to influence dryland biogeochemical cycling.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Delta-15N values for leaf and soil samples from a mesocosm experiment looking at dung beetle presence and the movement of dung-derived nitrogen (DDN)

Description: We deployed 18 mesocosms into each of the ecosystem types (logged forest and oil palm) in mid-May 2016, to give the soil one month to recover from the disturbance. We constructed mesocosms from black plastic containers, 40 cm diameter and 25 cm high after removing the base. We dug mesocosms 20 cm into the ground leaving 5cm above the surface. We arranged them in a 6 x 3 grid with a minimum of 3 m between each mesocosm to minimise interaction between the soil nutrient cycling in each mesocosm. As proximity of the seedlings to mature trees may increase competition for nitrogen and other nutrients we recorded the distance of each mesocosm to the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm) for inclusion in our analyses. We randomly selected 12 of the mesocosms, to receive 15N-labelled dung patties weighing 300 ± SD 2.27 g in logged forest and 410 ± SD 2.04 g in oil palm. We populated six randomly selected mesocoms from within those 12 treated with dung with a standardised dung beetle communities (Fig. 1, Table S2). The remaining six mesocosms were left as soil only controls. We covered each mesocosm with a fine nylon mesh secured with a rubber belt to prevent beetles leaving or colonising the mesocosms, and to standardise any microclimatic effects between treatments. However, after 48 hours we opened the dung beetle treatments for a 24 hours period to allow the beetles to emigrate rather than forcing them to artificially stay in the same pat (cf. Roslin 2000; Slade et al. 2017), and then re-covered the mesocosms with netting. We sampled soil seven times from logged forest over the course of the experiment. Any remaining surface dung was removed prior to soil sampling, and replaced thereafter, in order to reduce the possibility of contamination. If a soil core was unsuccessful (most likely due to beetle channels) a second core was taken directly beside. On each sample day, a core of 10cm depth was taken and split into vertical horizons 0- 2cm, 2-5 cm and 5-10cm. We sampled leaves eight times over the eight-month duration of the experiment, with high frequency during the first month, aimed to capture the initial assimilation of DDN into the plants. We collected one leaf from the Dipterocarpaceae or palm seedlings for each sample event. For dipterocarp seedlings we alternated collection of the terminal leaf from top and bottom (leaving the topmost, newest leaf) between consecutive sample days, and for palm seedlings we sampled the two penultimate leaflets from alternating sides of the mid-stem, from the youngest fully formed frond. As assimilated 15N did not plateau in logged forest during the 8-month timeframe of the experiment, we took a sample after 21 months in order to determine whether all DDN had been turned over in the plant biomass after this time. The leaf and soil samples were dried at 60°C for a minimum of 48 hours. We then ground samples to a fine powder using a ball mill (Retsch UK Ltd., Hope, UK). We weighed ground samples into 6 x 4 mm ultraclean tin capsules (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd., Okehampton, UK) using an ultra-microbalance with readability 1 μg (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland) to provide sufficient elemental carbon and nitrogen for analysis by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SERCON, Crewe, UK). Isotope ratios are expressed in per mil (‰) relative to international reference standards (Rstandard), which are Atmospheric Nitrogen and Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (VPDB) for nitrogen and carbon, respectively. The delta value describes the isotopic composition of each sample, which signifies a measurement of difference relative to laboratory standards. The calculation of δ values is given by: δHX = [(RSAMPLE /RSTANDARD −1)]*1000Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/11">Using stable isotopes to link biogeochemical processes to biodiversity of conservation concern</a>Funding: These data were collected as part of research funded by: <ul><li>NERC (Research grant, NE/K016148/1)</li></ul>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.Permits: These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:<ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 (374) )</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.4 (41))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (153))</li></ul>XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=5113431">here</a>Files: This consists of 1 file: 3_Kemp_15N_mesocosms_data.xlsx3_Kemp_15N_mesocosms_data.xlsxThis file contains dataset metadata and 3 data tables:<ol><li>OP leaf (described in worksheet OP_leaf)Description: Details the δ15N of leaves sampled in oil palm from palm seedlings across eight sample days up to day 233. Number of fields: 13Number of data rows: 144Fields: <ul><li>Name: Code for date (ddmm), mesocosms ID and depth (00 = surface; 02 = 2 cm belowground; 05 = 5 cm belowground, and 10 = 10 cm belowground) (Field type: id)</li><li>Day: Experimental day as the number of days since day zero (defined by the planting of the seedlings, either dipterocarps or palms) (Field type: id)</li><li>Day2: Experimental day as a factor (Field type: id)</li><li>Mesocosm: Unique identifier for each of the 18 mesocosms (Field type: id)</li><li>Treatment: Treatment assignment (Field type: categorical)</li><li>DistMature: Distance from the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm). (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Weight: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Beam.Area.N: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li>ugN: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li>d15N: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Beam.Area.C: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li>ugC: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li>d13C: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li>LFE leaf (described in worksheet LFE_leaf)Description: Details the δ15N of leaves sampled in logged forest, taken from dipterocarp seedlings across nine sample days, up to day 625.Number of fields: 13Number of data rows: 147Fields: <ul><li>Name: Code for date (ddmm), mesocosms ID and depth (00 = surface; 02 = 2 cm belowground; 05 = 5 cm belowground, and 10 = 10 cm belowground) (Field type: id)</li><li>Day: Experimental day as the number of days since day zero (defined by the planting of the seedlings, either dipterocarps or palms) (Field type: id)</li><li>Day2: Experimental day as a factor (Field type: id)</li><li>Mesocosm: Unique identifier for each of the 18 mesocosms (Field type: id)</li><li>Treatment: Treatment assignment (Field type: categorical)</li><li>DistMature: Distance from the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm). (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Weight: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Beam.Area.N: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li>ugN: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li>d15N: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Beam.Area.C: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li>ugC: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li>d13C: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li>LFE soil (described in worksheet LFE_soil)Description: Details the δ15N of soil sampled in logged forest across seven sample days up to day 64Number of fields: 14Number of data rows: 375Fields: <ul><li>Name: Code for date (ddmm), mesocosms ID and depth (00 = surface; 02 = 2 cm belowground; 05 = 5 cm belowground, and 10 = 10 cm belowground) (Field type: id)</li><li>Day: Experimental day as the number of days since day zero (defined by the planting of the seedlings, either dipterocarps or palms) (Field type: id)</li><li>day2: Experimental day as a factor (Field type: id)</li><li>Mesocosm: Unique identifier for each of the 18 mesocosms (Field type: id)</li><li>Treatment: Treatment assignment (Field type: categorical)</li><li>DistMature: Distance from the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm). (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Depth: The depth which the soil sample was taken from, i.e. 0002 is the horizon between the ground surface and 2 cm belowground (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Weight: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Beam.Area.N: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li>ugN: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li>d15N: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li>Beam.Area.C: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li>ugC: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li>d13C: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol>Date range: 2016-05-01 to 2017-02-01Latitudinal extent: 4.5000 to 5.0700Longitudinal extent: 116.7500 to 117.8200

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Responses of soil temperature, moisture, and respiration to five-year warming and nitrogen addition in a semi-arid grassland

How climate warming interacts with atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to affect carbon (C) release from soils remains largely elusive, posing a major challenge in projecting climate change‒terrestrial C feedback. As part of a five-year (2006–2010) field manipulative experiment, this study was designed to examine the effects of 24-hour continuous warming and N addition on soil respiration and explore the underlying mechanisms in a semi-arid grassland on the Mongolian Plateau, China. Across the five years and all plots, soil respiration was not changed under the continuous warming, but was decreased by 3.7% under the N addition. The suppression of soil respiration by N addition in the third year and later could be mainly due to the reductions in the forb-to-grass biomass ratios. Moreover, there were interactive effects between continuous warming and N addition on soil respiration. Continuous warming increased soil respiration by 5.8% in the ambient N plots, but reduced it by 6.3% in the enriched N plots. Soil respiration was unaffected by N addition in the ambient temperature plots yet decreased by 9.4% in the elevated temperature plots. Changes of soil moisture and the proportion of legume biomass in the community might be primarily responsible for the non-additive effects of continuous warming and N addition on soil respiration. This study provides empirical evidence for the positive climate warming‒soil C feedback in the ambient N condition. However, N deposition reverses the positive warming‒soil C feedback into a negative feedback, leading to decreased C loss from soils under a warming climate. Incorporating our findings into C-cycling models could reduce the uncertainties of model projections for land C sink and global C cycling under multifactorial global change scenarios.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Effect of soil temperature on nitrogen fixation in Alnus

Purpose: The short growing season and cold climate of the boreal forest can restrict soil nitrogen availability, limiting plant growth and ecosystem productivity. Vascular nitrogen-fixing plants should have an advantage in low nitrogen environments. Yet, their abundance in the boreal forest is low. How nitrogen fixation is affected when temperature differences occur between the soil and air, especially in the spring when soil temperatures remain cool, has not been documented in actinorhizal shrubs. Methods: A lab study was performed on Alnus alnobetula subsp. crispa (Aiton) Raus. For 13 weeks, soil was kept at either 10˚C, 14˚C or 16˚C, independently of shoot temperature, at 20˚C. Results: Soils at 14˚C and 10˚C inhibited whole-plant nitrogen fixation (by 53% and 68%) and photosynthesis (by 43% and 39%), respectively, compared to soils at 16˚C. Reductions in photosynthetic rate were mainly attributed to a reduction in the fixed nitrogen supply and subsequent reduction in chlorophyll formation. Photosynthesis was not reduced immediately, suggesting some utilization of a nitrogen source not supplied from current fixation. Reduced amounts of fixed nitrogen and photosynthates resulted in diminished biomass production and relative growth rate. Conclusion: The assumed advantages of being a nitrogen-fixing plant in a low nitrogen environment may be constrained by soil temperature to a larger extent than previously considered. This may restrict the abundance of nitrogen-fixing species in the boreal forest.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Mycorrhizal effects on decomposition and soil CO2 flux depend on changes in nitrogen availability during forest succession

Mycorrhizal fungi play a central role in plant nutrition and nutrient cycling, yet our understanding on their effects on free-living microbes, soil carbon (C) decomposition and soil CO2 fluxes remains limited. Here we used trenches lined with mesh screens of varying sizes to isolate mycorrhizal hyphal effects on soil C dynamics in subtropical successional forests. We found that the presence of mycorrhizal hyphae suppressed soil CO2 fluxes by 17% in early-successional forests, but enhanced CO2 losses by 20% and 32% in mid- and late-successional forests, respectively. The inhibitory effects of mycorrhizal fungi on soil CO2 fluxes in the young stands were associated with changes in soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and microbial activities, suggesting that competition between mycorrhizae and saprotrophs for N likely suppressed soil C decomposition. In the mid- and late-successional stands, mycorrhizal enhancement of CO2 release from soil likely resulted from both hyphal respiration and mycorrhizal-induced acceleration of organic matter decay. Synthesis. Our results highlight the sensitivity of mycorrhizal fungi-saprotroph interactions to shifts in nutrient availability and demand, with important consequences for soil carbon dynamics particularly in ecosystems with low nutrient conditions. Incorporating such interactions into models should improve the simulations of forest biogeochemical cycles under global change.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

soil oxygen and nitrogen gas emissions data data

Methods Study Location This study was conducted in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), a U.S. National Science Foundation funded Critical Zone Observatory and Long Term Ecological Research site in the USDA Forest Service managed El Yunque National Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico (Fig. 1a). The LEF is a premontane tropical forest landscape that receives 3 to 4 m of rain annually with a mean annual temperature of 23°C (Scatena, 1989; Garcia-Montino et al., 1996). Rainfall at the time of sampling was typical of this location and preceded the 2015 drought, which began in May of 2015 (O’Connel et al., 2018). We sampled in forests dominated by Tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa Vahl) and underlain by volcaniclastic parent material in the Bisley 3 watershed (400 m asl; Silver et al., 1999) and near the El Verde field station (500 m asl, Crow 1980).  Experimental design We collected soils from two sites to examine how topographic controls on soil O2 influence N gas emissions. First, we measured how N emissions varied across a macrotopographic gradient by collecting soil cores from ridge, slope and valley positions (4 replicates per topographic position) from sites near the El Verde field station (Fig. 1b) that are described in O’Connell et al. (2018). Macrotopography soils were collected and analyzed for N gas emissions at 0%, 10% and 20% headspace O2 in April of 2015. Second, we measured how N gas emissions varied across a microtopographic gradient, which consisted of 16 plots (1 m2) that differed in soil moisture and soil O2 dynamics, as described by Hall et al. (2013). Because we did not measure O2 availability at the time of this soil collection, the microtopography sites were binned by historic O2 status into three categories: low, medium and high O2 based on Hall et al. (2013) (see Soil oxygen and soil moisture below). Microtopography soils were collected from Bisley watershed 3 (Fig. 1c) and were analyzed for N gas emissions at 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% headspace O2 in January of 2015.    Soil sampling             Mineral soils (0-10 cm) were collected using a split core sampler (3.4 cm width) and hammer auger in order to avoid compaction and to keep soil core structure intact. Soils were collected in plastic sleeves, stored at room temperature in Ziploc bags and transported to the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY USA the same day they were sampled. All laboratory analyses occurred within 3 days of soil sampling. Soil chemical analyses and N2, N2O and CO2emissions were measured at the Cary Institute, while soil O2 and soil moisture data were collected in the field (see Soil oxygen and soil moisture below). N2, N2O and CO2 emissions  The Nitrogen Free Air Recirculation Method (N-FARM) laboratory-based gas flow incubation system was used to directly measure N2, N2O, and CO2 emissions from intact soil cores (Burgin et al., 2010). Soil cores were sealed in jars and cyclically flushed and evacuated with a given helium-oxygen mixture (0, 5, 10 or 20% O2) for ~16 hrs to completely replace the N2 atmosphere. After this flush, headspace samples were directly transferred via sample lines to Shimadzu GC 14 gas chromatographs equipped with thermal conductivity (for quantification of N2 and CO2) and electron capture (for N2O) detectors (Burgin et al., 2010). Soil cores were incubated at multiple headspace O2 concentrations, and each incubation took place on a separate day using fresh soil cores in order to avoid soil nitrate depletion. As a quality control measure, empty jars and autoclaved soil cores were run to ensure that the system was leak-free and that N2 was not leaking from soil pores that were not adequately flushed prior to measurement. The method detection limit for the system was 3.98 ppm N2, 0.0678 ppm N2O, and 10.5 ppm CO2, based on the standard deviation of six replicate standards (MDL = T(df,0.01) × SD; Morse et al., 2015). Soil oxygen and soil moisture             We relied on previous year-long continuous soil O2 measurements at the microtopography plots (Supplemental Figure 1; Hall et al., 2013) to classify these sites into three categories: low, medium and high O2. At the macrotopography plots, we measured soil moisture and O2 for ~1 year using time-domain reflectometry (Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah) and galvanic cell sensors (Apogee Instruments, Logan, Utah) housed in polyvinyl-chloride tubes installed at a depth of 10 cm. Soil O2 levels and precipitation during the time of soil O2 data collection (2010) and soil core collection (2015) were typical of this forest under non-drought conditions (Supplemental Figure 1; Silver et al. 1999, Silver et al., 2013; O’Connell et al., 2018). Soil O2 concentrations measured in the field are hereby referred to as “in situ” in order to differentiate them from incubation headspace O2 manipulations. Gravimetric soil moisture was also determined on a subsample of all soil cores at the time of sampling by calculating mass loss after oven drying soils at 105°C for 48 hrs. Soil cores were stored in Ziploc bags at the time of collection until the time of analysis to maintain field moisture. In situ soil O2 data collected across the microtopography gradient several years prior to N measurements were used to bin the microtopography plots into groups that were comparable with headspace manipulated O2 levels. Plots with mean in situ soil O2 concentrations from 5-10% are referred to as “Low”, 10-15% are referred to as “Medium”, and 15-20% are referred to as “High”. Since no plot had a mean soil O2 concentration < 5%, a fourth O2 category was omitted from our analyses (Fig. 3).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

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Allen Brain Atlas

Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.

allen-brain-atlas

neuroscienceopenDocumentation, web resources, and API references are available online.

Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.

abode-home-cage

behavioral-neuroscienceopenThe DataShare record exposes download links for annotations, documentation, license text, and the zipped per-snippet data directory.

Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.

dandi-nwb

electrophysiologyopenPublished Dandiset metadata and archive endpoints are available through the production DANDI API.

Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

ibl

behavioral-neuroscienceopenPublic sessions can be searched and loaded from the IBL public data server through ONE.

Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

openneuro

neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.

Last verified 2026-04-29Open record