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264 results for “soil organic carbon”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Climatic water availability mainly drives context-dependency of tree functional diversity effects on soil organic carbon storage in European forests

The interplay of forest stand and environmental factors shape soil organic C (SOC) storage in forest ecosystems but little is known about their relative impacts in different soil layers. Moreover, how environmental factors modulate the impact of stand factors, particularly species mixing, on SOC storage, is largely unexplored. In this study conducted in 21 forest triplets (two-species mixed stand and respective monocultures nearby) distributed in Europe, we tested the hypothesis that stand factors (functional identity and diversity) have stronger effects on topsoil (FF+0-10 cm) C storage than environmental factors (climatic water availability, clay+silt content, oxalate-extractable Al - Alox) but that the opposite occurs in the subsoil (10-40 cm). We also tested the hypothesis that functional diversity improves SOC storage under high climatic water availability, clay+silt contents, Alox. We characterized functional identity as the proportion of broadleaved species (beech and/or oak), and functional diversity as the product of broadleaved and conifer (pine) proportions. The results show that functional identity was the main driver of topsoil C storage while climatic water availability had the largest control on subsoil C storage. Contrary to expectations, functional diversity decreased topsoil C storage under increasing climatic water availability but the opposite was observed in the subsoil. Functional diversity effects on topsoil C increased with increasing clay+silt content, while its effects on subsoil C was negative at increasing Alox content. This suggests that functional diversity effect on SOC storage along environmental gradients depends on the specific environmental factor and the soil depth under consideration.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Drivers of soil organic carbon stock during tropical forest succession

Soil organic matter contributes to productivity in terrestrial ecosystems and contains more carbon than is found in the atmosphere. Yet, there is little understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration processes during tropical forest succession, particularly after land abandonment from agriculture practices. Here we used vegetation and environmental data from two large-scale surveys covering a total landscape area of 20,000 ha in Southeast Asia to investigate the effects of plant species diversity, functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, aboveground biomass, and environmental factors on SOC sequestration during forest succession. We found that functional trait diversity plays an important role in determining SOC sequestration across successional trajectories. Increases in SOC carbon storage were associated with indirect positive effects of species diversity and succession age via functional trait diversity, but phylogenetic diversity and aboveground biomass showed no significant relationship with SOC stock. Furthermore, the effects of soil properties and functional trait diversity on SOC carbon storage shift across elevation. Synthesis: Our results suggest that reforestation and restoration management practices that implement a trait-based approach by combining long-lived and short-lived species (conservative and acquisitive traits) to increase plant functional diversity could enhance SOC sequestration for climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, as well as accelerate recovery of healthy soils.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data from Comparing organic carbon bound to different minerals in wetland and upland soils

Here is the data and drawing code  for "comparing organic carbon bound to different minerals in wetland and upland soils". Mineral binding of organic carbon (OC) is vital for soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence. However, the relative importance of two main types of soil minerals - metal oxides and silicate clay - in SOC protection remains unclear, hampering our ability to predict and protect this important pool of persistent SOC. Here, using sequential dissolution by dithionite and hydrofluoric acid, we quantified OC bound to metal oxides versus silicate clay in soils from contrasting environments (i.e., wetlands and uplands).  We find that metal oxides override silicate clay in SOC protection in both wetlands and uplands, and OC bound to soil minerals (especially metal oxides) constitutes a higher fraction of SOC in wetlands than uplands, suggesting an underappreciated role of mineral protection in wetland SOC preservation. Furthermore, using lignin phenol analysis in tandem, we find that silicate clay dissolution may release an addition of ~23% lignin phenols from soils, potentially providing a means to assess ‘hidden’ lignin in mineral matrices. These findings highlight the important role of different soil minerals in the protection of SOC and its components in contrasting terrestrial environments, and advance our understanding of predicting and protecting this important pool of persistent SOC.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Soil organic carbon contents of collected soil samples from China's black soil region

The long-term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural ecosystems led to soil degradation. This study investigated the effect of the long-term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural ecosystems on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and density over the past 35 years. Altogether, 2140 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected across Northeast China. Landsat images were acquired from 1985 to 2020 through Google Earth Engine, and the reflectance of each soil sample was extracted from the Landsat image that its time was consistent with sampling. The hybrid model that included two individual SOC prediction models for two clustering regions was built for accurate estimation after k-means clustering. The probability hybrid model, a combination between the hybrid model and classification probabilities of pixels, was introduced to enhance the accuracy of SOC mapping. Cropland reclamation results were extracted from the land cover time series dataset at a 5-year interval. Our study indicated that: (1) Long-term use of cropland led to a 3.07 g kg-1 and 6.71 Mg C ha-1 decrease in SOC content and density, respectively, and the decrease of SOC stock was 0.32 Pg over the past 35 years; (2) Nearly 64% of cropland had a negative change in terms of SOC content from 1985 to 2020; (3) Cropland reclamation track changed from high to low SOC content, and almost no cropland was reclaimed on the 'Black soils' after 2005; (4) Cropland reclamation from wetlands resulted in the highest decrease, and reclamation period of years 31–35 decreased when SOC density and SOC stock were 16.05 Mg C ha-1 and 0.005 Pg, respectively, while reclamation period of years 26–30 from forest witnessed SOC density and stock decreases of 8.33 Mg C ha-1 and 0.01 Pg, respectively. Our research results provide a reference for SOC change in the black soil region of Northeast China and can attract more attention to the area of the protection of 'Black soils' and natural ecosystems.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Cropland management impacts on soil organic carbon stock changes in US croplands from 1990 to 2015

This geospatial dataset represents soil organic carbon stock changes estimated from a counterfactual analysis of climate-smart soil management practices that were adopted in U.S. croplands between 1990 and 2015. The counterfactual scenarios are relative to historical cropland management implemented in the U.S. for the temporal domain of this study. These data provide a large-scale overview of the carbon stock changes in US cropland agricultural soils associated with conservation tillage, manure amendments, cover crops terminated with cultivation, cover crop terminated with herbicide, hay and pasture in rotation with annual crops, set-aside/Conservation Reserve Program lands. Data were generated using the DayCent ecosystem model driven by cropping histories in the USDA National Resources Inventory (NRI) and associated agricultural management data. The average annual stock change was calculated for each management practice to determine the impact. Average rates of annual stock changes on a per-hectare basis (averaged from 1990 to 2015) are presented as a gridded dataset. Data are in a GeoTIFF format on a 5 km grid.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Mineral Protection rather than Aggregate Stability Enhanced Soil Organic Carbon Along an Elevated Gradient in Alpine Areas of Southwest China

This data contains Background, Dominant plant and their biomass, Environmental variables, Aggregate stability, Fe/Al oxides, Mass of soil density fractions, Carbon contetn in each density fraction, Mass of aggregates, Carbon content in each aggregate class size, Ratio of carbon content in each soil density and aggregate fractions and Enzyme avtivity of our investigated sites. Total 46 factors were given.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100