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Fig. 7 in New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Fig. 7. ♂ copulative structures. A–I, K: Aedeagus, ventral view. J: Abdominal sternite 9. A. Stenus (Nestus) delitor sp. nov. (holotype). B. S. (N.) illusor Ryvkin, 1987 (Russia: Amur Area: Angelokit River). C–H: S. (N.) latipennis J. Sahlberg, 1880. C. (Russia: SW Taimyr: Ladannakh Lake). D. (Russia: Taimyr: Kotuy River). E. (Russia: Putorana: Ayan Lake). F–G. (Russia: Evenkia: Kruten'kiy Stream). H. (Russia: Magadan Area: 'Aborigen'). I–J. S. (N.) sphaerops Casey, 1884 (U.S.A.: New York: Albany Co.). K. S. (N.) melanopus Marsham, 1802 (Ukraine: Odessa Area: Krinichnoye). – Scales = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5 in New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Fig. 5. ♂ copulative structures. A–E: Abdominal sternite 9. A. Stenus (Nestus) latipennis J. Sahlberg, 1880 (Russia: Krasnoyarsk Territory: Mirnoye). B. S. (N.) illusor Ryvkin, 1987 (Russia: Magadan Area: 2 km W of Splavnaya). C. S. (N.) delitor sp. nov. (holotype). D. S. (N.) canosus sp. nov. (holotype). E. S. (N.) canalis sp. nov. (holotype). F. S. (N.) caseyi Puthz, 1972 (U.S.A.: Michigan: Berrien Co.). Aedeagus, ventral view. – Scales = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2. – A–B in New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Fig. 2. – A–B: Stenus (Nestus) raddei Ryvkin, 1987: ♂ (Russia: Magadan Area: Sibit-Tyhellakh). A. Aedeagus, ventral view. B. Apical part of aedeagus, ventral view. – C–D: S. (N.) illotulus Puthz, 1972: ♂ (Russia: Amur Area: Zeyskiy Nature Reserve). C. Aedeagus, ventral view. D. Apical part of aedeagus, ventral view. Right paramere removed. – E. S. (N.) confusus J. Sahlberg, 1876: ♂ (Russia: Kalinin Area: Putilovo). Aedeagus, ventral view. – Scales = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3. – A–C in New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Fig. 3. – A–C: Stenus (Nestus) alopex sp. nov.: ♂. A. Aedeagus, ventral view (holotype). B. Apical part of aedeagus, ventral view (holotype). C. Abdominal sternite 9 (paratype). – D–E: S. (N.) canaliculatus Gyllenhal, 1827: ♂. D. Aedeagus, ventral view (Russia: Rostov Area: Nedvigovka). E. Abdominal sternite 9 (Russia: Taimyr: Maymecha River). – Scales = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1. – A–D in New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Fig. 1. – A–D: Stenus (Nestus) nitens Stephens, 1833: ♂ genitalia, ventral view. A–B: (Russia: Moscow Area: Gorenki). C–D: (Russia: Evenkia: Stolbovaya River). A, C. Aedeagus. B, D. Apical part of median lobe. – E. S. (N.) labilis Erichson, 1840: ♂ (Russia: S Yamal: nr. Salekhard). Aedeagus, ventral view. – Scales = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4. – A–B in New species and records of Stenus (Nestus) of the canaliculatus group, with the erection of a new species group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Fig. 4. – A–B: Stenus (Nestus) canosus sp. nov.: ♂ (holotype). A. Aedeagus, ventral view. B. Apical part of aedeagus, ventral view. – C–D: S. (N.) canalis sp. nov.: ♂ (holotype). C. Aedeagus, ventral view. D. Apical part of aedeagus, ventral view. [Note that the difference in shape of the apical lobe compared to that in C is due to the level of magnification.] – Scales = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 34 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 34. Intercalary cuticular microscutes in Chaleponcus spp. A. C. netus sp. nov. B. C. tintin sp. nov. C–D. C. nikolajscharffi sp. nov. Fig. D shows fungus-like outgrowths from scutes. Scales 0.001 mm.

Fig. 32 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 32. Distribution of species of the Chaleponcus dabagaensis group in Forest Reserves of the Udzungwa Mts. The position of the Forest Reserves in relation to each other approximately corresponds to their true relative positions, cf. Fig. 1. Underlined species acronyms denote species known only from one Forest Reserve. Shared species are shown on lines connecting the circles. – Forest Reserve acronyms: KIG = Kigogo, KK = Kiranzi/Kitunguli, KR = Kisinga/Rugaro, MWA = Mwanihana, NDU = New Dabaga/Ulangambi, US = Udzungwa Scarp, WKS = West Kilombero Scarp. – Species acronyms: BAS = basiliscus, CIR = circumvallatus, DAB = dabagaensis, GRA = gracilior, HAM = hamerae, HOW = howelli, IBI = ibis, KRA = krai, MAL = malleolus, MWB = mwabvui, MWN = mwanihanensis, NEC = nectarinia, NET = netus, NIK = nikolajscharffi, QUA = quasimodo, SCO = scopus, TES = teres, TEM = termini, TIN = tintin, VAN = vandenspiegeli, VIL = vilici.

Fig. 31 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 31. Chaleponcus tintin sp. nov., left gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal-anterior view. C. Ventral (-anterior) view. D. Posterior (-mesal) view. al = anterior telomeral lamella, cu = cucullus, mfp = metaplical flange process, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior telomeral lamella, plb = basal branch of pl, ps = proximal spine on solenomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 30 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 30. Chaleponcus howelli sp. nov., left gonopod. A. Mesal-ventral (-anterior) view. B. Posterior view. C. Anterior view. D. Ventral (-anterior) view. al = anterior telomeral lamella, als = spine on al, cu = cucullus, mf = metaplical flange, mp = mesal metaplical process, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior telomeral lamella, ps = proximal spine on solenomere, sts = spine on telomeral main stem. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 28 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 28. Chaleponcus gracilior sp. nov., gonopods. A. Gonopods in situ in body ring 7, anterior view. B. Right gonopod, detail of base of solenomere, showing basal side branch consisting of a tiny, spinelike part and a larger, irregularly lamellate one. C. Right gonopod, anterior-mesal view. D. Left gonopod, posterior view. E. Left telopodite, posterior-lateral view. F. Right telopodite, anterior view. al = anterior telomeral lamella, cu = cucullus, dp = distal telomeral process, mf = metaplical flange, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pb = proximal side branch of solenomere, pl = posterior telomeral lamella, prl = proplical lobe. Scales: 0.1 mm (A, C–F), 0.05 mm (B).

Fig. 27 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 27. Chaleponcus termini sp. nov., gonopods. A. Right gonopod, posterior view. B. Right gonopod, anterior view. C. Left telopodite, mesal-ventral view. D. Left coxite, mesal view. E. Right telopodite, anterior-ventral view. al1, al2 = anterior telomeral lobe, cu = cucullus, mf = metaplical flange, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior telomeral lamella, ps = proximal spine on solenomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 19 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 19. Chaleponcus krai sp. nov., gonopods. Specimens from New Dabaga-Ulangambi (A) and Kalimbazi Mtn (B-D). A. Left gonopod, anterior view. B–D. Right gonopod. B. Mesal-dorsal view. C. Telopodite, mesal view. D. Posterior view. al = anterior lobe of telomere, cu = cucullus, il = intermediate lobe of telomere, mfp = metaplical flange process, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior lobe of telomere, ps = proximal spine of solenomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 23 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 23. Chaleponcus vandenspiegeli sp. nov., left gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C. Tip of telomere and part of solenomere, ventral view. D. Posterior view. al = anterior lamella of telomere, alp1 and alp2 = processes from al, mfp = metaplical flange process, mp = mesal metaplical process, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior lamella of telomere, ps = proximal spine of solenomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 18 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 18. Chaleponcus basiliscus sp. nov., right gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view. C. Mesal view. cu = cucullus, lp1 and lp2 = lateral coxal processes, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelfspine, ps = proximal spine of solenomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 11 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 11. Chaleponcus netus sp. nov., gonopods. — A. Gonopods, anterior view. B. Left coxite, mesal view. C. Base of proximal solenomere spine (ps) with spinose socket. D. Right gonopod, anterior (and slightly mesal) view. E. Left gonopod telopodite, posterior view. F. Base of proximal solenomere spine (ps) in a different individual, with denticle (ps2). al = anterior lamella of telomere, il = intermediate lamella of telomere, mfp = metaplical flange process, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelfspine, pl = posterior lamella of telomere, ps = proximal spine of solenomere, ps2 = additional proximal spine of solenomere, pxl = proximal lobe of telomere, pxs = spine on proximal lobe of telomere. Scales: 0.1 mm (A–B, D–E), 0.05 mm (C, F).

Fig. 10 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 10. Chaleponcus netus sp. nov., left gonopod, coloured. — A. Posterior view. B. Ventral view. Orange = coxite, blue = torsotope, yellow = solenomere (slm), green = proximal spine of solenomere (ps), pink = telomere. pxs = spine on proximal telomeral lobe, st = main stem of telomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 22 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 22. Chaleponcus ibis sp. nov., left gonopod. A. Posterior view. B. Anterior view. C. Telopodite, mesal-anterior view. al = anterior lobe of telomere, al' = accessory lamella?, cu = cucullus, mp = mesal metaplical process, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior lobe of telomere, ps = proximal spine of solenomere. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 26 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 26. Chaleponcus hamerae sp. nov., left gonopod. A. Mesal-anterior view. B. Posterior view. C. Anterior view. D. Ventral view. al, al' = anterior telomeral lamella, cu = cucullus, mf = metaplical flange, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior telomeral lamella, prl = proplical lobe, pls = spine on pl. Scales 0.1 mm.

Fig. 14 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 14. Chaleponcus malleolus sp. nov., right gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view, focus on coxa. C. Posterior view. D. Anterior-mesal view. E. Mesal view, focus on telopodite. F. Telopodite, ventral-posterior view. al = anterior lamella of telomere, cu = cucullus, mfp = metaplical flange process, mp = mesal metaplical process, mss; metaplical shelf-spine, pl1, pl2, pl3 = lobes of posterior lamella of telomere, st = main stem of telomere. Scales 0.1 mm.