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Figure 30 in Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae)

Figure 30. Erythemis carmelita distribution map.

Fig. 43 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 43. Variation of ventral color pattern in Chiasmocleis haddadi. (A) FL 454; (B) FL 513; (C) FL

Fig. 37 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 37. Chiasmocleis tridactyla (MPEG 5637) from Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil, in (A) dorsal, and

Fig. 14 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 14. Holotype of Chiasmocleis anatipes (KU 146035) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. SVL 5

Fig. 11 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 11. Example of distribution of dermal spines on the head of Chiasmocleis.

Fig. 22 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 22. Holotype of Chiasmocleis bassleri (AMNH 42699) in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. SVL 5

Fig. 17 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 17. Holotype of Chiasmocleis antenori (KU 23299) in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. SVL 5

Fig. 16 in Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species

Fig. 16. Distribution of Chiasmocleis anatipes. Star 5 type locality; circle 5 examined specimens.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Fig. 3 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 3. Collecting immatures in Palmeiras, Bahia, 26 Feb. 2020.

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Data from: In search of an optimal DNA diagnosis for taxonomic descriptions with MOLD, a novel tool to identify diagnostic nucleotide characters

<p>While DNA characters are increasingly used for phylogenetic inference, taxa delimitation and identification, their use for formal description of taxa remains scarce and inconsistent. The major impediments until recently was a lack of a suitable algorithm to identify signature DNA characters. The 2019-2020 however were marked by an almost simultaneous release of three softwares, simple to run and designed specifically for taxonomists. There is, nevertheless, a major concern, whether taxonomy will benefit from wide application of these, or any of the previously available tools. The reluctance of using DNA data in taxonomy is partly due to concerns of insufficient reliability of DNA characters, as robustness of DNA based diagnoses, depending on the sampled fraction of the species diversity has not thus far been assessed.</p> <p>We propose a novel program, named MOLD that recovers diagnostic nucleotide combinations (DNCs) for selected taxa with DNA sequences available. We carried our random iterated haplotype subsampling on species in six published DNA data sets of varying complexity, providing a diagnosis to each subsample to evaluate how the robustness of DNA based diagnosis changes depending on the sampled fraction of the taxon's diversity. We demonstrate that the currently used diagnostic DNA characters, or combinations thereof (DNCs) often do not exist for a particular species in a particular data set, or are not sufficiently reliable. We propose a new type of DNA diagnosis, termed herein rDNCs, which is compiled to suit pre-defined criteria of reliability, and is implemented in MOLD. We demonstrate that rDNCs can be successfully identified even in data sets comprising hundreds of species, and allow for notably more reliable diagnoses, than the currently used diagnostic DNA characters. MOLD recovers reliable and reproducible diagnoses in traditionally problematic cases, such as cryptic species or species with pronounced genetic structure, and shows unparalleled efficiency in large DNA data sets, making a valuable complement to the currently existing toolkit.</p>

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

FIGURE 1 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree and single most parsimonious (PA) cladogram of the Iotarphia species with bootstrap values: (a) NJ tree based on partial COI and 28S gene sequences; (b) PA tree based on partial COI and 28S; (c) NJ tree based on partial COI; (d) NJ tree based on partial 28S. Scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site.

FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 4. Iotarphia magna sp. n.: (a) antenna; (b) right elytron, dorsal view; (c) meso- and metaventrites, ventral view; (d) male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view; (e) male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (f) female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (g) median lobe, ventral view; (h) median lobe, lateral view; (i) spermatheca, scales = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 5. Iotarphia rufobrunnea: (a) meso- and metaventrites, ventral view; (b) female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (c) spermatheca, scales = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 2. Habitus photography. (a) Iotarphia australis Cameron, 2.3 mm; (b) Iotarphia magna Song and Ahn, sp. n., 4.0 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 3. Iotarphia australis: (a) antenna; (b) head, dorsal view; (c) meso- and metaventrites, ventral view; (d) male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view; (e) male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (f) female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (g) median lobe, ventral view; (h) median lobe, lateral view; (i) spermatheca, scales = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 39–46 in A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae

FIGURES 39–46. Sternal opisthosomal regions of male cyphophthalmids in ventral view. 39. Huitaca ventralis; 40. Detail of sternal organ of Huitaca ventralis; 41. Metagovea philippi; 42. Detail of sternal organ of Metagovea philippi; 43. Paragovia sironoides; 44. Detail of sternal organ of Paragovia sironoides; 45. Troglosiro sp.; 46. Detail of sternal organ of Troglosiro sp.

FIGURES 30–32 in A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae

FIGURES 30–32. Ogovea cameroonensis sp. n, dorsal view. 30. total penis (vp indicates ventral plate). 31–32. Gonopore complex and series of dorsal setae. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 21–29 in A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae

FIGURES 21–29. Legs of male paratype of Ogovea cameroonensis sp. n. 21. Leg I, ectal view; 22. Tarsus I, ectal view; 23. Leg II, ectal view; 24. Leg III, ectal view showing the longitudinal seam (arrowheads); 25. Tarsus III, ectal view showing the longitudinal seam (arrowheads); 26. Tibia III, ectal view showing the longitudinal seam (arrowhead); 27. Leg IV, mesal view; 28. Tarsus IV, mesal view; 29. Detail of the adenostyle, mesal view.

FIGURES 16–20 in A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae

FIGURES 16–20. Anterior appendages of male paratype of Ogovea cameroonensis sp. n., ectal view. 16. Left chelicera; 17. Detail of the ornamentation of the chelicera; 18. Left palp; 19. Femur of left palp; 20. Palpal claw.

FIGURES 10–15 in A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae

FIGURES 10–15. Paratypes of Ogovea cameroonensis sp. n. 10. Sternal apophysis of male, ventral view; 11. Detail of the opisthosomal sternal organ (oso) underneath the sternal apophysis of male, posterior view. 12. Detail of the male sternal region with the opisthosomal sternal organ (oso), ventral view; 13. Detail of the glandular pores of the male opisthosomal sternal organ, ventral view; 14. Detail of the cuticular ornamentation of the sternal apophysis of male, ventral view; 15. Hansen's organ (H) and cuticular hairs, ventral view.