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FIGURE 2 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 2. Facultative prolific species (top) and sheaths covering young ramicauls (bottom) of Myoxanthus. A. Myoxanthus hirsuticaulis. B & J. M. trachychlamys. C & G. M. parahybunensis. D & H. M. exasperatus. E. M. affinis. F. M. colothrix. I. M. sotoanus. K. M. scandens. L. M. congestus.
FIGURE 7 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 7. Typology of an inflorescence of Myoxanthus. A. Inflorescence of M. hirsuticaulis. B. Representation of a dissected inflorescence of M. hirsuticaulis. C. Parts of a single-flowered coflorescence. D. Representation of an inflorescence of Myoxanthus with expanded internodes. Main florescence (MF). Coflorescence (CoF). Coflorescence of first order (CoF1). Peduncle (P). New bud (Nb). Scar of the coflorescence (Sc). Ovary (Ov). Remain of the axis (Ve). Pedicel (Pd). Floral bract (Fb). Pseudopeduncle (Pp). Bract of the pseudopeduncle (Bp).
FIGURE 16 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 16. Illustration of Myoxanthus panamense by C.A. Luer based on Luer et al. 1018 (MO) as t. 34 in (Luer 1992). Reproduced with the kind permission of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
FIGURE 13 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 13. Lectotype (right) of Dubois-reymondia lancipetala Karsten. Reproduced in Florae Columbiae 1: 95. 1858, tab. XLVII.
FIGURE 9 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 9. Glands on the abaxial surface of two species of Myoxanthus. A. Warts on the dorsal sepal of M. colothrix. B. & C. Scanning electron micrographs of warts, showing glands on the abaxial surface of M. colotrix. D. Warts on the dorsal sepal of M. cereus. E. & F. Scanning electron micrographs of warts, showing glands on the abaxial surface of M. cereus.
FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 4. Details of the sheaths of the ramicauls in Myoxanthus. A & B. Young basal and apical sheaths, respectively, in M. cereus. C & D. Old basal and apical sheaths, respectively, in M. hirsuticaulis. E. Old basal sheath in M. colothrix. F. Old basal sheath in M. trachychlamys.
FIGURE 6 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 6. Leaf variation in Myoxanthus species. A. Myoxanthus cereus. B. M. parahybunensis. C. M. colothrix. D. M. hirsuticaulis. E. M. congestus. F. M. trachychlamys. G. M. sotoanus. H. M. scandens. Scale bar = 5 cm.
FIGURE 3 in A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
FIGURE 3. Basal (bottom) and apical (top) sheaths of the ramicauls in Myoxanthus. A. Myoxanthus affinis. B. M. cereus. C. M. colothrix. D. M. congestus. E. M. parahybunensis. F. M. hirsuticaulis. G. M. scandens. H. M. sotoanus. I. M. exasperatus. J. M. trachychlamys.
FIGURE 8. Cnidoscolus vitifolius. A. Habit. B in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 8. Cnidoscolus vitifolius. A. Habit. B. Fertile branch; note the 5-lobed leaf blade. C. Dichasium in fruit. D. Dichasium, note the pistillate flowers with the tepals removed. E–G. Fruits, from glabrous to conspicuously hairy, note the apex shortly acuminate (A–G: images by the authors).
FIGURE 7. Cnidoscolus neglectus. A. Habit. B in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 7. Cnidoscolus neglectus. A. Habit. B. Fertile branch; note the 3-lobed leaf blade. C. Dichasia, note the staminate flowers in lateral view, and pistillate flowers with removed tepals. D. Staminate flowers in frontal view. E. Dichasium. F. Fruits. (A–F: image by the authors).
FIGURE 3. Cnidoscolus cervii. A. Habit. B in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 3. Cnidoscolus cervii. A. Habit. B. Fertile branch; note the 5-lobed leaf blade. C. Dichasium, note the flowers and flower bud staminate. D. Staminate flowers in frontal view. E. Dichasium fruiting. (A–E: images by the authors).
FIGURE 2. Cnidoscolus aurelii. A. Habit. B in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 2. Cnidoscolus aurelii. A. Habit. B. Fertile branch; note the 3-lobed leaf blade. C. Dichasium, note pistillate flowers and staminate buds. D. Staminate flowers in frontal view. F. Fruits. (A–F: images by the authors).
FIGURE 1 Cnidoscolus albomaculatus. A-D in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 1 Cnidoscolus albomaculatus. A-D. Habit, note the leaves with leaf blade unlobed, lightly lobed or pinnatissect, distributed the ends of the branches or at the base of the stem. E. Staminate flowers in frontal view. F. Fruits, note the apex shortly acuminate. (A–F: images by the authors).
FIGURE 5. Cnidoscolus mcvaughii. A. Habit. B. Leaves. C in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 5. Cnidoscolus mcvaughii. A. Habit. B. Leaves. C. Base of the leaves; note the two reduced leaf lobes. D. Detail of the basilaminar glands. E. Dichasium in lateral view. F. Staminate flowers in frontal view. G. Pistillate flowers with withered tepals coming of. H. Fruits, and I. Columella. (Images from the authors).
FIGURE 4. Cnidoscolus mcvaughii. A. Fertile Branch. B. Aciculiform stinging hairs. C in Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus
FIGURE 4. Cnidoscolus mcvaughii. A. Fertile Branch. B. Aciculiform stinging hairs. C. Stipules in frotal view. D. Stipules in dorsal view. E. Details of basilaminar glands. F. Bracts. G. Staminate bud. H. Staminate flowers. I. Androecium. J. Pistillate bud. K. Pistillate flowers. L. Detachment of the tepals of the pistillate flowers. M. Gynoecium. N. Fruit. O. Columella. P. Seeds in frontal view, and Q. Seeds, dorsal view. (A–Q: C. C. Oliveira 516. UB)
Data from: Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini
Delimiting species is a crucial goal of integrative biology, and yet can be misled by homoplasy and high levels of morphological variation. The snake tribe Sonorini contains three genera that have long confounded taxonomists: Chilomeniscus, Chionactis and Sonora. Dynamic colour evolution in this group, including rampant geographic variation in colour and colour polymorphism, has led to a chaotic taxonomy. We used mitochondrial and high-throughput nuclear data (ddRADseq) and complete taxonomic sampling of each genus to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and systematically revise the genus. Our research revealed that Sonora is paraphyletic with regards to Chilomeniscus and Chionactis and that at least one species (S. semiannulata) is paraphyletic with respect to at least one other recognized species. Additionally, we found substantial undescribed genetic diversity within multiple species which is incongruent with morphological variation in coloration. Accordingly, we proposed synonymizing Chionactis and Chilomeniscus with Sonora, which has taxonomic priority over both genera. As we found genetic evidence that supported some of the historically delimited diversity within multiple taxa, we revised species-level taxonomy accordingly. This new taxonomy recognizes a revised genus of Sonora that contains 15 species of diminutive and often brightly coloured snakes that are distributed from central Mexico to north-western USA.
Figure 1 from: Sennikov AN, Tikhomirov VN (2024) Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 33. Taxonomic synopsis of East European species of the Cytisus ratisbonensis group (Fabaceae). PhytoKeys 238: 157-197. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.238.118031
Figure 1 Pubescence on calyces in the Cytisus ratisbonensis group AC. borysthenicusBC. cinereusCC. kreczetovicziiDC. lithuanicusEC. polonicusFC. ratisbonensisGC. ruthenicusHC. semerenkoanusIC. elongatusJC. wulffii. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Gillespie LJ, Soreng RJ, Cabi E, Amiri N (2018) Phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of Poa subgenus Pseudopoa (including Eremopoa and Lindbergella) (Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae). PhytoKeys 111: 69-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.28081
Figure 2 Poa combined nrDNA and plastid Baysian analysis showing placement of Eremopoa. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of combined nrDNA (ITS and ETS) and plastid data (trnT-trnL-trnF, matK and rpoB-trnC). Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches, MP bootstrap values below branches. Major clades are indicated by colour and capital letter; outgroups are shown in black.
Figure 3 from: Gillespie LJ, Soreng RJ, Cabi E, Amiri N (2018) Phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of Poa subgenus Pseudopoa (including Eremopoa and Lindbergella) (Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae). PhytoKeys 111: 69-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.28081
Figure 3 PoasubgenusPseudopoasect.Pseudopoa. AP.diaphorasubsp.diaphoravar.diaphora, Chu, Kyrgyz Republic (Soreng et al. 7537) B, CP.persicasubsp.persica, Adiyaman, Turkey (Soreng et al. 9215) B habit C closeup of base of plant showing keeled leaf sheaths and caniculate blades D, EP.persicasubsp.multiradiata, Mardin, Turkey (Soreng et al. 9240) D habit E spikelet showing glabrous lemmas. Photos by R.J. Soreng.
Figure 1 from: Gillespie LJ, Soreng RJ, Cabi E, Amiri N (2018) Phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of Poa subgenus Pseudopoa (including Eremopoa and Lindbergella) (Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae). PhytoKeys 111: 69-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.28081
Figure 1 PoanrDNA and plastid Baysian analyses showing placement of Eremopoa and Lindbergella. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus trees of nrDNAITS and ETS (left) and plastid data (trnT-trnL-trnF, matK and rpoB-trnC) (right). Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches, MP bootstrap values below branches. Outgroups are not shown. Major clades are indicated by colour and capital letter. Taxa shown in black belong to different major clades in plastid and nrDNA trees.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.