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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 5 in Before it is too late: description of a new genus and species of butterfly from a highly threatened Brazilian biome

Fig. 5. Natural habitats of Nhambikuara cerradensis gen. et sp. nov. in the Cerrado: A – Itirapina, São Paulo; B – Brasília, Distrito Federal and Nhambikuara mima comb. nov.: C – Sirinhaém, Pernambuco; D – an individual in its natural habitat in Guiana, Surama, north Rupuruni (Photo: David Geale).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 1 in 'Endangered' or 'Near Threatened', distribution status of Karaavali Skittering frog from the west coast of peninsular India

Figure 1. Map showing the distribution range of E. karaavali in the west coast of India (red star, type locality; red circle, other collection localities by Priti et al. (2016); blue circle, genetically identified by Anoop et al. (2017); orange circle, genetically confirmed sample in the present study; yellow circle, museum collection localities in the present study).

Figure 7 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 7. Male and female genitalia of Parnassius nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. and P. mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. [coll. RMBH]. (A) Male genitalia of P. nebrodensis [France; slide RMBH G0328]: (A1) lateral view, (A2) ventral view, (A3) dorsal view, (A4) aedeagus, (A5) uncus, and (A6) apical process of the valva. (B) Male genitalia of P. nebrodensis [France; slide RMBH G0330]: (B1) dorsal view, (B2) aedeagus, (B3) uncus, and (B4) apical process of the valva. (C) Male genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Moldova; slide RMBH G0279]: (C1) lateral view, (C2) ventral view, (C3) dorsal view, (C4) aedeagus, (C5) uncus, and (C6) apical process of the valva. (D) Male genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Belarus; slide RMBH G0004]: (D1) dorsal view, (D2) aedeagus, (D3) uncus, and D4) apical process of the valva. (E) Female genitalia of P. nebrodensis [France; slide RMBH G0331]. (F) Female genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Moldova; slide RMBH G0280]. (G) Female genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Belarus; slide RMBH G0005]. Black arrows indicate diagnostic features of the two species (see differential diagnosis for detail). (Photos: Artem A. Frolov).

Figure 6 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 6. Forewing scales of Parnassius nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. and P. mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. [coll. RMBH]. (A) Position of the enlarged fragment with scale patterns at the forewing. (B) Female of P. nebrodensis [France]. (C) Female of P. mnemosyne [Moldova]. (D) Female of P. mnemosyne [Northern European Russia]. (E) Male of P. nebrodensis [France]. (F) Male of P. nebrodensis [France]. (G) Male of P. mnemosyne [Moldova]. (H) Male of P. mnemosyne [Northern European Russia]. Red and blue arrows indicate diagnostic features of each species for the female and male, respectively (see differential diagnosis for detail). (Graphics and photos: Ivan N. Bolotov).

Figure 5 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 5. Forewing venation of Parnassius nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. and P. mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. (A) Male of P. nebrodensis [France: Pyrenees, foothill of Mt. Neouville]. (B) Female of P. nebrodensis [the same locality]. (C) Male of P. mnemosyne [Moldova]. (D) Female of P. mnemosyne [Linnaeus's lectotype, Finland; redrawn after Honey and Scoble 2001a]. Red arrows indicate diagnostic features of the two species (see differential diagnosis for detail). (Graphics: Ivan N. Bolotov).

Figure 4 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 4. Dorsal view of Parnassius nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. and P. mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. specimens [coll. RMBH]. (A) Male of P. nebrodensis [France: Pyrenees, foothill of Mt. Neouville]. (B) Female of P. nebrodensis [the same locality]. (С) Male of P. mnemosyne [Republic of Belarus: 5 km E from Ruda Yavorskaya village]. (D) Female of P. mnemosyne [the same locality]. (Photos: Artem A. Frolov).

Figure 1 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 1. Ranges of taxa within the Parnassius mnemosyne species complex. (1) Range of P. nebrodensis stat. rev. (data: Gratton 2006; Gratton et al. 2008; Michel et al. 2008; Todisco et al. 2010; Condamine et al. 2018; Litman et al. 2018; Dapporto et al. 2019; this study). (2) Approximate range of P. sp. 'Middle East' (data: Gratton 2006; Gratton et al. 2008). (3) Range of P. mnemosyne s. str. (data: Weiss 1999; Gratton et al. 2008; Kudrna et al. 2011; Bolotov et al. 2013): (3a) confirmed range, and (3b) uncertain distribution. (4) Approximate boundary of P. mnemosyne s. str. and P. sp. 'Middle East' ranges (data: Weiss 1999; Gratton 2006; Gratton et al. 2008; Kudrna et al. 2011; Bolotov et al. 2013). (5) Type locality of P. nebrodensis stat. rev. in Italy [Sicily: "monti Nebrodi"] (Turati 1907). (6) Type locality of P. mnemosyne s. str. in Finland (Honey and Scoble 2001, 2001a). (Map: Mikhail Y. Gofarov).

Figure 3 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Parnassius (subgenus Driopa) taxa based on the COI haplotype sequences (Table 1). The red stars indicate the species-level clades supported by mPTP species-delimitation model. The name of each sequence contains the following information: GenBank accession number | sampling region. An asterisk indicates Parnassius nebrodensis sequence from the type locality (Nebrodi, Sicily). The black numbers near branches indicate bootstrap support values of IQ-TREE/BPP of MrBayes. Outgroup is not shown.

Figure 2 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 2. Range of Parnassius nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. and a narrow contact zone between allopatric ranges of this species and P. mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. based on DNA sequence data. (1) Range of P. nebrodensis (data: Gratton 2006; Gratton et al. 2008; Michel et al. 2008; Todisco et al. 2010; Condamine et al. 2018; Litman et al. 2018; Dapporto et al. 2019; this study). (2) Occurrences of P. nebrodensis: (2a) Pyrenees (sample used for morphological and molecular analyses in this study), and (2b) other areas (data: Gratton 2006; Gratton et al. 2008). (3) Type locality of P. nebrodensis in Italy [Sicily: "monti Nebrodi"] (Turati 1907). (4) Type localities of nominal taxa that were described as P. mnemosyne subspecies but are being considered as synonyms of P. nebrodensis under this study (see Table 5 for detail). (5) A southern fragment of P. mnemosyne s. str. range adjoining the contact zone with P. nebrodensis (data: Weiss 1999; Gratton et al. 2008; Kudrna et al. 2011): (5a) confirmed range, and (5b) uncertain distribution. (6) A contact zone between P. nebrodensis and P. mnemosyne s. str. ranges. (Map: Mikhail Y. Gofarov).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 1 in The Black Sea-Eastern Mediterranean flyway of the globally threatened European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)

Figure 1. Density map of recovery lines of the Eastern flyway (left) and the Black Sea-Eastern Mediterranean flyway (right).

Figure 9. Sometimes many volunteers are necessary for a in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Figure 9. Sometimes many volunteers are necessary for a project, either digging up a hibernation site (Fig 9a), clearing open areas for sun penetration, or digging up an old septic line to prevent collapses and injuries to snakes.

Fig. 3 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 3. Typical nesting area of Northern Pine Snakes in New Jersey. They require relatively open areas where there is complete sun penetration to the ground to provide sufficient warmth to the incubating eggs (Burger 1989a, 1991a; Burger and Zappalorti 2011a).

Fig. 5 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 5. Pine Snakes hibernate in communal hibernacula that can contain up to 30 or more Pine Snakes (Burger et al. 1988; Burger and Zappalorti 2011a, b, 2015, 2016). Fig. 5a shows the depth hibernation chambers are below ground, a snake in a natural chamber (Fig 5b) and in cement blocks from an old septic chamber (Fig. 5c, Pine Snake on right, Black Racer on left).

Fig. 1 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 1. Northern Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) hissing when first encountered in the New Jersey Pine Barrens.

Figure 8 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Figure 8. Several Pine Snake females often nest in the same nest. Here we (R. Zappalorti and J. Burger) have removed four clutches (note they are bound together, making it possible to identify the eggs of three different females). Once females lay eggs, they exude a liquid that binds the eggs together. This partly prevents other females from disrupting the clutch and accidentally removing them to the outside while they are digging their own side chambers.

Fig. 7 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 7. Volunteers contribute directly to conservation efforts by helping to remove trees that are obstructing sun penetration to nests or hibernation sites (Fig. 7a), or taking data on snake behavior (Fig. 7b).

Fig. 6 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 6. Volunteers of all ages are involved in our Pine Snake research, and the handling and measuring of snakes contributes to their education, and results in their providing information about conservation to their families, friends, classmates, and others. Following hibernation studies, the children (and adults) put the snakes back into their hibernation chambers.

Fig. 4 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 4. Female Pine Snakes sometimes remain in their nests for several days after egg-laying is complete, perhaps protecting their clutch from being disrupted by other females that lay in the same nest.

Fig. 2 in Stakeholder contributions to conservation of threatened Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus, Daudin, 1803) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens as a case study

Fig. 2. Female Northern Pine Snakes dig their own nests in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, although in the southern part of their range they do not do so. They bend their neck such that the head forms a scoop capable of bringing sand out the entrance (Fig 2a). While digging their body is hidden below ground, and the dump pile of sand is visible (and serves to attract poachers; Fig 2b).