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Figure 18 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 18. Three-dimensional virtual model of Anhanguera, with all limb joints in their respective close-packed positions, except the knee, which is shown partially flexed so that the tibiotarsus is directed backwards. A, ventral view, with flight membranes. Three possible trailing edges of the cheiropatagium are shown: running from the wingtip to the distal end of the crus (solid line), the proximal end of the crus (broken line), and the hip (dotted line). Two possible leading edges of the propatagium are shown, corresponding to an anteroventral orientation of the pteroid (solid line) and a medial orientation of the pteroid (broken line – pteroid itself omitted in this case for clarity). Two possible trailing edges of the cruropatagium are shown: running from the tip of the tail to the distal end of the crus (solid line), and to the proximal end of the crus (broken line). See text for further explanation. B, anterior view, membranes omitted for clarity. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1. Scale bar: 500 mm.
Figure 5 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 5. Relative lengths of the long bones of ten selected ornithocheirid specimens, expressed as a percentage of the ulna length. The collection of points at each value of absolute ulna length represents measurements taken from a single specimen.
Figure 2 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 2. Diagrammatic representation of an articulating element undergoing a cardinal angulation (A) and an arcuate angulation (B). During a cardinal angulation, the joint axis remains fixed and the moving bone remains in a single plane. During an arcuate angulation, the joint axis rotates and the bone moves out of the plane.
Figure 10. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 10. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right intersyncarpal joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Fig. 7: proximal syncarpal in lateral view and distal syncarpal in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position and the joint axis. C, right radius, ulna, syncarpals, and wing metacarpal in their respective close-packed positions in posterodorsal aspect, viewed along the joint axis. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 29 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 29. Dorsal (A), anterior (B), and left lateral (C) views of Anhanguera in an upright bipedal stance. The humeri are retracted by 65°, requiring a maximal supination of 50°, and the other arm joints are maximally flexed.
Figure 13. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 13. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right carpopteroid joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Fig. 7: medial carpal in anterior view and pteroid in posterior view. Scale bar: 25 mm. B, Diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position and the joint axis. The axis rotates with respect to the medial carpal during angulation of the pteroid, and is indicated at maximum extension (ext) and maximum flexion (flex). For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 1. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 1. A pair of articulating elements with a single joint axis, set up so that the axis runs perpendicular to the viewing plane, and is perceived as a point – the centre of rotation (CR). The proximal element is fixed and has a single marker O, defining the origin of an arbitrary coordinate system. The distal element is mobile and bears two markers A and B, denoted A′ and B′ after a rotation of magnitude Q. The positions of the markers before and after angulation in the arbitrary coordinate system can be used to determine the position vector c of the CR, and the magnitude of rotation Q. See text for details.
Figure 26 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 26. Left lateral view of Anhanguera in a possible landing configuration. The body is pitched up by 20°, the femur is supinated by 30° and depressed by 30°, and the pteroid is depressed by 30°. The geometric angle of attack of the wing section is 40°.
Figure 27 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 27. Dorsal (A), anterior (B), and left lateral (C) views of Anhanguera in a semi-erect quadrupedal stance. The shoulder and intersyncarpal joints are in their close-packed positions, the carpometacarpal joints are supinated, and the elbow, radioulnocarpal, knuckle, and carpopteroid joints are maximally flexed. The femora are depressed by 60°. Scale bar: 500 mm.
Figure 9. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 9. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right radioulnocarpal joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Fig. 7: radius and ulna in lateral view, and proximal syncarpal in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position, the joint axis, and the conjunct rotation axis. C, right radius, ulna, syncarpals, and wing metacarpal in their respective close-packed positions in posterodorsal aspect, viewed along the radioulnocarpal joint axis. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 23 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 23. Methods of changing the angle of attack of the inner wing. A, left lateral view of Anhanguera configured as in Fig. 18. The broken line indicates the chord line. The angle of attack of the section is zero. B, as in (A), but with the left leg depressed at the hip by 30°. The geometric angle of attack a is indicated. C, as in (A), but with the leg supinated at the hip by 30°. The leg movements shown in (B) and (C) increase both the angle of attack and the camber of the inner wing.
Figure 24 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 24. Effects of pteroid depression. A, left lateral view of Anhanguera as in Fig. 23. B, as in (A), but with the left pteroid depressed by 30°. The camber is increased and the angle of attack, a, is reduced by this movement.
Figure 21. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 21. A, typical plots of pitching moment M against angle of attack a (measured with respect to the zero-lift angle of attack) for stable and unstable aircraft. Both aircraft are shown balancing at the same equilibrium angle of attack, at which point the pitching moment is zero. B, the effect of raising the elevators (1) on the longitudinal balance of a stable aircraft: the pitching moment is increased, as is the equilibrium angle of attack, so the aircraft pitches up (2) until equilibrium is restored. C, the effect of raising the elevators (1) on the longitudinal balance of an unstable aircraft: the pitching moment is increased, but the equilibrium angle of attack is reduced, so the aircraft now pitches up away from equilibrium (2).
Figure 15. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 15. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right carpometacarpal joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Fig. 7: distal syncarpal in lateral view and wing metacarpal in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position and the joint axis. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 22 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 22. Increasing the equilibrium angle of attack of an unstable aircraft can be brought about by decreasing the derivative dM/da, where M is the pitching moment and a is the angle of attack, by sweeping the wings back (A), or by decreasing the zero-lift pitching moment M0, by depressing the pteroids for example (B). These adjustments can theoretically be used in response to an unstable nose-up pitch (1), thus establishing a new equilibrium (2).
Figure 19. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 19. A, Stable but unbalanced wing profile, with the centre of gravity (c.g.) situated ahead of the mean aerodynamic centre (m.a.c.). B, stable and balanced configuration, with a small tailplane set at a negative incidence with respect to the main wing.
Multiplexed and scalable cellular phenotyping toward the standardized three-dimensional human neuropathology
<p>The dataset for the publication. Cite the publication if you use the datasets.</p>
Dataset for "Three-dimensional modeling of the ground electric field in Fennoscandia during the Halloween geomagnetic storm", Marshalko et al. (2023), Space Weather
<p>Results of 3-D modeling of the ground electric field in Fennoscandia during the Halloween geomagnetic storm in 2003 (29-31 October).</p> <p>Electric_field_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.h5 files (in hdf5 format) contain horizontal electric field components Ex and Ey (in mV/km) corresponding to 6 h of data and latitude and longitude grids corresponding to Ex and Ey arrays. Ex and Ey are 2160x567x543 arrays (temporal resolution is 10 s, thus, 2160 time steps). Latitude and Longitude are 567x543 arrays. All values are in single-precision floating-point format. Electric field values were obtained with the use of the conductivity-based inducing source following Marshalko et al. (2023).</p> <p>Files Electric_field_CB_20031029000000_20031031235950.dat, Electric_field_MT_20031029000000_20031031235950.dat, and Electric_field_SECS_20031029000000_20031031235950.dat contain the ground electric field time series (in mV/km) modeled during the Halloween geomagnetic storm in 2003 (29-31 October) at IMAGE magnetometers' locations, Mäntsälä Finnish natural gas pipeline GIC recording point (MAN), and Point X located 0.5 degrees north of MAN. The files are in plain-text (column-based) format. Electric field values in Electric_field_CB_20031029000000_20031031235950.dat, Electric_field_MT_20031029000000_20031031235950.dat, and Electric_field_SECS_20031029000000_20031031235950.dat were obtained with the use of the conductivity-based inducing source, MT intersite impedance method, and Spherical Elementary Current Systems (SECS) based approach, correspondingly, following Marshalko et al. (2023).</p>
Three-dimensional modelling of shock-turbulence interaction. Magnetic field and temperature datasets.
<p>Simulation snapshots for hybrid-kinetic model of a perpendicular shock interacting with pre-existing plasma turbulence. This dataset allows to reproduce the analyses presented in Trotta et al. 2023. The filenames are organised in <level of turbulence>-Variable-time.txt *(e.g., dB00_B_mag-14.txt is the magnetic field magnitude at T\Omega_ci = 14 for the case with turbulence level dB/B = 0.0). These textfiles are stored as one-dimensional array, which need to be reshaped to a 256x256x256 grid (which has a resolution of 0.5 di).</p> <p> </p> <p>For support in reading the simulation data or if further variables/snapshots are needed for scientific purposes, please be in touch.</p>
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Matrix Imaging
<p><strong>Ultrasound data associated to the paper "Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Matrix Imaging",<em> Nature Communications</em>, 2023. </strong></p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Abstract :</strong> "Matrix imaging paves the way towards a next revolution in wave imaging.<br>Based on the response matrix recorded between a set of sensors, it enables<br>an optimized compensation of aberration phenomena and multiple scattering<br>events that usually drastically hinder the focusing process in heterogeneous<br>media. Although it gave rise to spectacular results in optical microscopy or<br>seismic imaging, the success of matrix imaging has been so far relatively lim-<br>ited with ultrasonic waves because wave control is generally only performed<br>with a linear array of transducers. In this paper, we extend ultrasound ma-<br>trix imaging to a 3D geometry. Switching from a 1D to a 2D probe enables<br>a much sharper estimation of the transmission matrix that links each trans-<br>ducer and each medium voxel. Here, we first present an experimental proof<br>of concept on a tissue-mimicking phantom through ex-vivo tissues and then,<br>show the potential of 3D matrix imaging for transcranial applications."</p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Data corresponding to the <strong>pork tissue experiment</strong>: <br>- Raw data: "1_PorkChop_on_Phantom.mat" [Fig. 1, 2, 3 and Supplementary Fig. S3, S4, S5]<br>- Focused reflection matrix (after beamforming): "1bis_PorkChop_on_Phantom_Focused_reflection_Matrix_Rdrr.mat" </p> <p>Raw data corresponding to the<strong> head phantom experiment</strong>: <br>- "2_HeadPhantom_position1.mat" [Fig. 4 & 5, S6, S7]<br>- "2_HeadPhantom_position2.mat" [Fig. 6]</p> <p>Raw data corresponding to the tissue mimicking phantom without aberrations: <br>- "4_Phantom_withtout_aberrations.mat" [supplementary Fig. S8]</p> <p>In each case : <br>- <strong>"rfr"</strong> contains the raw ultrasound data;<br>- <strong>"p"</strong> is a structure that contains all the parameters used during acquisition.<br> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.