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Figure 6 in Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O.F. Müller and M. Sars

Figure 6. Localities for polychaetes described by Otto Friderich Müller, Michael Sars, Anders Ørsted, Heinrich Rathke and Gerhard Armauer Hansen from Norwegian waters. Upper left map inset shows stations sampled by the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition (NNHE) 1876–1878.

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Figure 5 in Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O.F. Müller and M. Sars

Figure 5. Original label written by Michael Sars for Ampharete finmarchica. Original text reads: 'Amphicteis finmarchica Sars. Ramfjorden Tromsö S.' Natural History Museum, Oslo.

FIG. 9 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 9. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov. (A, RM-2534; B, VIT-Micoteca 9734; C, RM-2533; D, F, paratype B 70 0100020; E, holotype MA-Fungi 90701). A-D, apothecia between shoots of Cheilothela chloropus (Brid.) Broth; E, F, habitat.

FIG. 3. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 3. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-G, paratype B 70 0100013) A, B, ascospores inside asci stained with CB; C, F, ascospores inside asci in water; D, E, paraphyses in water; G, cross-section of an apothecium showing subhymenium, medullary and ectal excipulum in lactic acid. Scale bars: A-E, 10 μm; F-G, 20 μm.

FIG. 5. — Lamprospora gibbosa M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 5. — Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A, F, holotype B 70 0100017; B, C, PRC 4665; D, E, paratype B 70 0100016). A-D, apothecia between shoots of Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp.; E, F, habitat.

FIG. 6. — Lamprospora gibbosa M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 6. — Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-C, G, isotype PRC 4626; D-F, PRC 4666). A, B, ascospores inside asci stained with CB; C, F, ascospores inside asci and free ascospores in water; D, E, paraphyses in water; G, cross-section of an apothecium showing part of medullary and ectal excipulum in CB. Scale bars: A-F, 10 μm; G, 20 μm.

FIG. 1 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 1. — RAxML phylogram obtained from the combined LSU, SSU and EF1-α sequences showing the phylogenetic relationship of the three new Lamprospora De Not. species among bryophilous Pezizales. Numbers above branches represent RAxML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probability scores, respectively. Nodes for which RAxML bootstrap support values were below 50 were collapsed. GenBank accession numbers are indicated in Table 1. New species described in this study are highlighted in color. Species with globose or subglobose ascospores (Q <1.1) and ornamentation consisting of isolated warts or tubercles are highlighted in bold.

FIG. 11 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 11. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov.(A-F. RM-2534). SEM photos of ascospores.Scale bars: A-F, 5 μm.

FIG. 8. — Infection structures. Lamprospora bulbiformis M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 8. — Infection structures. Lamprospora bulbiformis M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A, B, paratype B 70 0100013). A, appressorium on a rhizoid in surface view; B, appressorium, infection peg and haustorium on a rhizoid in optical section. Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík sp. nov. (C, D, holotype B 70 0100017). C, appressorium on a rhizoid in surface view; D, appressorium, infection peg and haustorium on a rhizoid in optical section. Scale bar: 20 μm.

FIG. 4. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 4. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-F. holotype B 70 0100012) SEM photos of ascospores. Scale bars: A-F, 5 μm.

FIG. 10 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 10. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov. (A, B, E, F, paratype B 70 0100020; C, VIT-Micoteca 9734; D, RM-2533). A, B, ascospores inside asci stained with CB; C, E, ascospores inside asci and paraphyses in water; D, paraphyses in CRB; F, cross-section of an apothecium showing subhymenium, medullary and part of ectal excipulum in water. Scale bars: A-D, 10 μm; E, 20 μm; F, 50 μm.

FIG. 7. — Lamprospora gibbosa M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 7. — Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-F, holotype B 70 0100017).SEM photos of ascospores. Scale bars: A-F, 5 μm.

FIG. 13 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 13. — Similar species of bryophilous Pezizales with globose or subglobose ascospores (Q <1.1) and an ornamentation consisting of isolated warts A, B, Lamprospora ecksteinii Benkert (B 70 0100007): A, apothecia between shoots of Microbryum curvicollum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (host) and Weissia sp.; B, ascospores stained with CB; C, D, L. lubicensis Benkert: C, apothecia between shoots of Hennediella heimii (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (personal herbarium Jan Eckstein, JE-11609); D, ascospores stained with CB (PRC 4622); E, F, L. lutziana Boud: E, apothecia on shoots of Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. (MA-Fungi 90544);F, ascospores stained with CB (NML 2208-10 KM 1); G, H, L. stellata ined. (PRC 4623): G, apothecia between shoots of Dicranella howei Renault & Cardot; H, ascospores stained with CB; I-J, Octospora svrcekii Benkert (PRC 4125): I, apothecium on shoots of Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce; J, ascospores stained with CB; K, L, O. wrightii (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) J.Moravec; K, apothecium on shoots of Amblystegium serpens (MV20160306-01); L, ascospores stained with cotton blue (PRC 4606). Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIG. 14 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 14. — Similar species of bryophilous Pezizales with globose ascospores and ornamentation consisting of isolated warts or tubercles A, B, Lamprospora verrucispora M.Vega, Eckstein & Van der Kolk: A, apothecium between shoots of Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. (MV20151107-01); B, ascospores stained with CB (isotype PRC 4608); C, D, L. tuberculatella agg. (PRC 4625): C, apothecia between shoots of cf. Trichostomum crispulum Bruch; D, ascospores stained with CB; E, F, L. esterlechnerae Benkert ex F. Hampe & Kleine (PRC 4621): E, apothecium between shoots of Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E.Britton; F, ascospores stained with CB; G, H: L. rehmii Benkert; G, apothecia between shoots of Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb. (RM-2367); H, ascospores stained with CB (S F317032); I-K, L. tuberculata agg. (ZT Myc 61081): I, apothecia between shoots of P. subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh.; J, hyphae-covered galls stained with CB, K, ascospores stained with CB; L-N, L. tuberculata agg. (PRC 4125): L, apothecia between shoots of P. subulatum; M, appressorium covered by a layer of accompanying hyphae stained with CB; N, ascospores stained with CB. Scale bars: B, D, F, H, K, N, 10 µm; J, 50 µm; M, 20 µm.

FIG. 12 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 12. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov. infection structures, RM-2534: A, appressorium with a cover of accompanying hyphae on a rhizoid in surface view; B, infected rhizoid with removed appressorium showing the penetration point in surface view; C, D, infection structures on rhizoids in optical section; E, infection structures on a cortical cell of subterranean stem in optical section. Scale bar: 50 μm.

Fig. 3 in Dictyoconella Henson, 1948, Upper Cretaceous Larger Benthic Foraminifera: A Taxonomic Revision With The Establishment Of Gusicella Gen. Nov. (Type-Species Dictyoconella Minima Henson)

Fig. 3 Dictyoconella complanata Henson from the Maastrichtian of Qatar (a-b) and Iran (c-e). a, isolated specimen, holotype (from Henson, 1948, pl. 6, fig. 2). Section planes 1-----1' and 2-----2' refer to b and d respectively. b, transverse section parallel to the median plane (from Henson, 1948, pl. 6, fig. 3, parataype). c, slightly oblique median section. Note the inclination of the chambers towards the apex. Thin section 2Ng 83. d-e, slightly oblique subaxial sections, perpendicular to the median plane (s = septum, f = foramen). Thin sections 2Ng 81, 2Ng 80-5. deuteroconch, eccentric position with twisted apex. Mi- Larger Benthic Foraminifera associated with dasycladale- crospheric embryo not discernible within a close-coiled an algae (Fig. 2). Gusicella minima occurs more common whorl. Adult chambers arched and rectilinear. Exoskelein the lower part of the Tarbur Fm. associated with Om- ton with several orders of horizontal and vertical partiphalocyclus and Loftusia (Wynd, 1965: Omphalocyclu- tions forming a delicate subepidermal network. The marclus-Loftusia assemblage zone), and other taxa such as ginal zone is separated from the central zone by a mar- Gyroconulina columelliforma Schroeder & Darmoian ginal trough. Central zone with pillars alternating be- (Fig. 2c-d). D. complanata is restricted to the upper part tween subsequent chambers. Foramina multiple in the of the Tarbur Formation in a more inner platform setting central zone and with straight arrangement between (compared to the occurrence of G. minima). Here it is chambers; marginal foramina are present. Wall finely associated with taxa such as Loftusia div. sp., Dicyclina agglutinated, thin, consisting of an epiderm and a delicate schlumbergeri Munier-Chalmas, Tarburina zagrosiana sub-epidermal cellular layer. Schlagintweit & Rashidi and Pseudonummoloculina Comparisons: Morphologically, Dictyoconella is unique kalantarii Schlagintweit & Rashidi (Fig. 2a-b). among all other Orbitolinidae due to its strongly compressed (flattened) test. This makes a detailed comparison SYSTEMATICS to the other Upper Cretaceous genera of the Orbitolinidae superfluous. Douglass (1960, p. 256) stated that "it is Phylum Foraminifera d'Orbigny, 1826 likely" that Dictyoconella "is merely a variant of the ge- Class Globothalamea Pawlowski et al., 2013 nus Iraqia". This assumption must be rejected because of Order Loftusiida Kaminski and Mikhalevich in Kamin- the difference in the central zone: reticulate in Iraqia (e.g. ski, 2004 Moullade, 1965) and pillaroid in Dictyoconella. It is Suborder Loftusiina Kaminski and Mikhalevich in Ka- worth noting at this point that the incorrect view of minski, 2004 Douglass was also approved by BouDagher-Fadel and Superfamily Orbitolinoidea Martin, 1890 Price (2009, p. 7) who included Dictyoconella in a group Family Orbitolinidae Martin, 1890 of "Orbitolinids with radial partitions that became zig- Subfamily Dictyoconinae Moullade, 1965 zagged, thickening and fusing centrally. Last but not Genus Dictyoconella Henson, 1948 emended herein least, neither Dictyononella complanata nor "D." minima Type-species: Dictyoconella complanata Henson, 1948. were treated in the revision of the Orbitolinidae by Cruz- Holotype P.35832 in Henson (1948), in repository at the Abad (2018) although the genus was considered valid by Natural History Museum London. Loeblich and Tappan (1987). Accessible from the origi- Diagnosis: Large-sized, laterally compressed test, flabel- nal samples of Qatar deposited at the Natural History liform. The test displays a distinct asymmetry, with one Museum in London (see pictures at nhm.ac.uk), the specside (with the eccentric embryo) that is wider (with re- imens were labeled Dictyoconella (Dictyoconus) comspect to the central axis) and presents a concave outer planata by Henson. In fact, Dictyconella is best described periphery in equatorial section. Test base distinctly con- as a distinctly compressed (flattened) Dictyoconus vex. Megalospheric embryo simple, biloculine with ellip- Blanckenhorn. Two specimens of Dictyoconella comsoidal protoconch and hemispherical to sickle-shaped planata were interpreted as microspheric specimens of

Fig. 2 in Dictyoconella Henson, 1948, Upper Cretaceous Larger Benthic Foraminifera: A Taxonomic Revision With The Establishment Of Gusicella Gen. Nov. (Type-Species Dictyoconella Minima Henson)

Fig. 2 Microfacies with Dictyoconella complanata Henson (a-b) and Gusicella minima (Henson) gen. et comb. nov. (c- d) from the Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of the Naghan (a-b) and Mandegan sections (c-d), SW Iran (Zagros zone). Abbreviations: D = Dictyoconella, Di = Dicyclina, G = Gyroconulina, Gu = Gusicella, L = Loftusia, O = Omphalocyclus, P = Pseudonummoloculina, Ps = Pseudocymopolia, T = Tarburina. Thin sections: 2Ng 81 (a), 2Ng 81-4 (b), Rt 109 (c), Rt 105 (d).

Fig. 9 in Dictyoconella Henson, 1948, Upper Cretaceous Larger Benthic Foraminifera: A Taxonomic Revision With The Establishment Of Gusicella Gen. Nov. (Type-Species Dictyoconella Minima Henson)

Fig. 9 Gusicella minima (Henson) gen. et comb. nov. from the late Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation, SW Iran (Naghan section: c–f, h–k); Mandegan section: a–b, g, l). a subaxial section of an assumed microspheric specimen. b–c axial sections showing initial spire with acute margin beneath the apex. d oblique section showing the marginal trough between the marginal and central zones as well as a circular row of marginal apertures between. e tangential section showing subepidermal network; septa in the lower part marked by white dash lines. f subaxial section of a possibly microspheric specimen. g transverse section. h subaxial section. i tangential section showing aligned main beams. j subaxial section of a possibly microspheric specimen. k tangential section. l slightly oblique transverse section showing several orders of vertical partitions (beams, intercalary beams), marginal trough, and pillared central zone. Abbreviations: m.f. = marginal foramen, m.t. = marginal through, pi = pillar. Thin sections: Rt 105 (a), 2Ng 17 (c), Rt 96 (b), 2Ng 167 (d), 2Ng 174 (e), 2Ng 118-1 (f), Rt 108-2b (g), 2Ng 169 (h), 2Ng 191 (i), 2Ng 176 (j), 2Ng 146 (k), Rt 111-1 (l).

Fig. 6 in Dictyoconella Henson, 1948, Upper Cretaceous Larger Benthic Foraminifera: A Taxonomic Revision With The Establishment Of Gusicella Gen. Nov. (Type-Species Dictyoconella Minima Henson)

Fig. 6 Comparison of Gusicella gen. nov., Carinoconus Cherchi & Schroeder, and Dictyoconus Blanckenhorn.

Fig. 1 in Dictyoconella Henson, 1948, Upper Cretaceous Larger Benthic Foraminifera: A Taxonomic Revision With The Establishment Of Gusicella Gen. Nov. (Type-Species Dictyoconella Minima Henson)

Fig. 1 Map of the Persian Gulf area showing the location of Dukhan Well in Qatar, the type-locality of Dictyoconella complanata Henson and Gusicella minima (Henson) gen. et comb. nov. (from free maps, https://d-maps.com).