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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Supplementary Figure 1 from "Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"

Published as part of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w">Macrì, S et al., 2019, Nature Communications: 10(1):5560</a> "Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization" DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w   Supplementary Fig. 1: Definition of 3D anatomical landmarks. a, Position of 3D anatomical landmarks on the whole brain of the lizard Agama agama in dorsal (top left panel), ventral (top right), and lateral (bottom) views. b, Position of 3D anatomical landmarks on the isolated cerebellum of Agama agama in pial surface (left panel) and lateral (right) views. c, Schematic representation of the whole-brain of Agama agama highlighting the five major regions used for landmarking. d, Table showing the definition of 3D anatomical landmarks with associated number (see a, b) and brain region (see c).

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Serial disparity in the carnivoran backbone unveil a complex adaptive role in metameric evolution

Multi-element systems such as the vertebral column of vertebrates represent a major challenge to phenotypic quantification and macroevolutionary analyses. The vertebral column is a metameric structure, composed of serially repeated subunits, and much of what is known so far has been inferred from sparse anatomical samples, providing little insight into local-scale (i.e. vertebra-to-vertebra) variation and its macroevolutionary importance. This limits understanding of how evolutionary constraints and functional adaptation interact during the evolution of multi-element phenotypes. Here, we quantify morphological disparity across all subunits (vertebrae) of the pre-sacral column in the mammalian order Carnivora. We address how vertebral morphology varies among elements, and the extent to which these patterns have been structured by constraints and/or evolutionary adaptation to locomotory capabilities, using 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate analyses for high-dimensional phenotypes. We find that lumbars and posterior thoracics exhibit high individual disparity but low serial differentiation. These vertebrae are pervasively recruited into locomotory functions, exhibiting high-dimensional ecomorphological signals and patterns of evolution indicative of relaxed constraints. Cervical and anterior thoracic vertebrae have low individual disparity and greater serial differentiation. Individual vertebrae in these regions unexpectedly also show signals of locomotory adaptation that were not generally recognized by previous studies. These are characterized by low-dimensional ecomorphological signals and overall constrained patterns of evolution. Our findings support the hypothesis that the lumbar region is a key innovation that increases ecological versatility of mammalian locomotion. Nevertheless, locomotory adaptation is more widely distributed along the mammalian axial skeleton. This has been masked by local-scale variation and low phenotypic variability in comparison with other skeletal structures such as the skull or limbs. Our analyses demonstrate that the strength of ecomorphological signal does not have a predictable influence on macroevolutionary outcomes even within the same structure, and undermine the traditional view that highly constrained skeletal units are strongly limited in their potential to adapt to new ecological avenues. Our findings emphasize the importance of quantifying local-scale variation in functionally versatile, multi-element phenotypes such as the vertebral column, or indeed, the vertebrate skeleton as a whole.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Data from: Unveiling the food webs of tetrapods across Europe through the prism of the Eltonian niche

Aim Despite the recent calls on integrating the interaction networks into the study of large‐scale biodiversity patterns, we still lack a basic understanding of the functional characteristics of large interaction networks and how they are structured across environments. Here, building on recent advances in network science around the Eltonian niche concept, we aim to characterize the trophic groups in a large food web, and understand how these trophic groups vary across space. Location Europe and Anatolia. Taxon Tetrapods (1,136 species). Methods We combined an expert‐based metaweb of all European tetrapods with their spatial distributions and biological traits. To understand the functional structure of the metaweb, we first used a stochastic block model to group species with similar Eltonian niches, and then analysed these groups with species' functional traits and network metrics. We then combined these groups with species distributions to understand how trophic diversity varies across space, in function of the environment, and between the European ecoregions. Results We summarized the 1,136 interacting species within the metaweb into 46 meaningful trophic groups of species with a similar role in the metaweb. Specific aspects of the ecology of species, such as their activity time, nesting habitat and diet explained these trophic groups. Across space, trophic diversity was driven by both biotic and abiotic factors (species richness, climate and primary productivity), and the representation of trophic groups differed among European ecoregions. Main conclusions We have characterized the Eltonian niche of species in a large food web, both in terms of species interactions and functional traits, and then using this to understand the spatial variation of food webs at a functional level, thus bringing together network science, functional ecology and biogeography. Our results highlight the need to integrate multiple aspects of species ecology in global change research. Further, our approach is strongly relevant for conservation biology as it could help predict the impact of species translocations on trophic diversity.

Figure 5. Jackknife 1 in Unveiling the trap-nesting bees and wasps' fauna (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) and associated organisms of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 5. Jackknife 1 and ACE estimators showing that the estimated species number is higher than the real sampled species in the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.

Figure 2 in Unveiling the trap-nesting bees and wasps' fauna (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) and associated organisms of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 2. Climatic parameters measured in the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro – Brazil, between April/2017 and February/2019. (A) Mean temperature by months sampled; (B) Mean rainfall by months sampled.

Figure 6 in Unveiling the trap-nesting bees and wasps' fauna (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) and associated organisms of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 6. Ranking-abundance graph plotting the species collected and their relative abundance. The long "tail" in this graph shows that the species assemblage is composed by many rare species.

Figure 3 in Unveiling the trap-nesting bees and wasps' fauna (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) and associated organisms of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 3. Sampling units set in the field. (A) Sample unit with bamboo canes and rubber hose traps in supports made of plastic bottle. (B) Trap-nests made of plastic straws placed in wood support.

Figure 1 in Unveiling the trap-nesting bees and wasps' fauna (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) and associated organisms of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 1. The locality of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro on the left. The trap nests' disposition in the field area on the right.

openSep 2021View details →

Combining X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Unveil Zn Local Environment in Zn-Doped ZrO2 Catalysts

K-space EXAFS spectra; additional PXRD results; EXAFS fitting for reference t-ZrO2; fwhm analysis of first derivative of the Zr K-edge XANES main edge; EXAFS fitting for reference h-ZnO; test Zr K-edge EXAFS fitting of ZrZn-5 using a c-ZrO2 model; additional details on input structures employed in Zn K-edge EXAFS fitting; additional details on cluster size evaluation; additional details on in situ XAS data during activation in H2 and related EXAFS analysis using the Einstein model; in situ XAS data under reaction conditions (CO2/H2, 300 °C, 15 bar)

opengpl-3.0-or-laterNov 2023View details →

Unveiling Competition Dynamics in Mobile App Markets through User Reviews

This replication package contains the datasets and evaluation results for the research titled "Unveiling Competition Dynamics in Mobile App Markets through User Reviews", by Quim Motger, Xavier Franch, Vincenzo Gervasi and Jordi Marco.Latest version of the full code is available at: <a href="https://github.com/quim-motger/app-market-analysis">https://github.com/quim-motger/app-market-analysis</a>

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Ancient mitochondrial genomes unveil the origins and evolutionary history of New Zealand's enigmatic takahe and moho

Many avian species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand were driven to extinction or reduced to relict populations following successive waves of human arrival, due to hunting, habitat destruction, and the introduction of mammalian predators. Among the affected species were the large flightless South Island takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri) and the moho (North Island takahe; P. mantelli), with the latter rendered extinct and the former reduced to a single relictual population. Little is known about the evolutionary history of these species prior to their decline and/or extinction. Here we sequenced mitochondrial genomes from takahe and moho subfossils (12 takahe and four moho) and retrieved comparable sequence data from takahemuseum skins (n = 5) and contemporary individuals (n = 17) to examine the phylogeny and recent evolutionary history of these species. Our analyses suggest that prehistoric takahepopulations lacked deep phylogeographic structure, in contrast to moho, which exhibited significant spatial genetic structure, albeit based on limited sample sizes (n = 4). Temporal genetic comparisons show that takahe have lost much of their mitochondrial genetic diversity, likely due to a sudden demographic decline soon after human arrival (~750 years ago). Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses strongly support a sister-species relationship between takahe and moho, suggesting these flightless taxa diverged around 1.5 million years ago, following a single colonisation of New Zealand by a flighted Porphyrio ancestor approximately four million year ago. This study highlights the utility of palaeogenetic approaches for informing the conservation and systematic understanding of endangered species whose ranges have been severely restricted by anthropogenic impacts.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Data for "Unveiling the Global Extent of Land Subsidence: The sinking crisis"

File ds01. Global dataset of subsidence rates.File ds02. Zonal statistics and feature importance.File ds03. Global raster map of subsidence rates.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Unveiling women's expectations as ICT professionals: A survey study

Several studies report the positive impacts of gender diversity on software development teams. However, it is common knowledge that women face many challenges to remain in the job market, especially in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Goal: This paper investigates the perception of ICT women practitioners about their expectations in the job market, mainly concerning salary expectations, work performance and experience, incentive policies, and satisfaction. Method: We surveyed 192 women who work or have worked in the Brazilian software industry. We used mixed methods to analyze the data. Results: Our findings reveal that around 41% of the women are satisfied with the current salary and approximately 23% of them have a full seniority level. Furthermore, more than half of ICT practitioners stated that their work performance was consistent with their professional growth. Conclusions: Although women ICT practitioners have not met their expectations about their professional goals, they are satisfied with their performance in the job market.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data from: Combined fluorescent and electron microscopic imaging unveils the specific properties of two classes of meiotic crossovers

Crossovers (COs) shuffle genetic information and allow balanced segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis. Recombination nodules (RNs) are closely correlated with crossing over, and, because they are observed by electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) in extended pachytene chromosomes, RNs provide the highest-resolution cytological marker currently available for defining the frequency and distribution of crossovers along the length of chromosomes. In several organisms, mutants demonstrate that two molecularly distinct pathways produce COs. One pathway produces class I COs that exhibit interference (lowered probability of nearby COs), and the other pathway produces class II COs with little or no interference. However, the relative contributions, genomic distributions, and interactions of these two pathways are essentially unknown in nonmutant organisms because marker segregation only indicates that a CO has occurred, not its class type. Here, we combine the efficiency of light microscopy for revealing cellular functions using a fluorescent probe to MLH1 proteins to mark class I COs with the high resolution of electron microscopy to localize and characterize all COs (RNs) in the same sample of meiotic pachytene chromosomes from wild-type tomato. To our knowledge, for the first time, every CO along each chromosome can be identified by class to unveil specific characteristics of each pathway. We find that class I (MLH1-positive) and class II (MLH1-negative) COs have different recombination profiles along chromosomes. In particular, class II COs, which represent about 18% of all COs, exhibit no interference and are disproportionately represented in pericentric heterochromatin, a feature potentially exploitable in plant breeding. Finally, our results demonstrate that the two pathways are not independent because there is interference between class I and II COs.

Figures 67-72 in Unveiling some unknown jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Argentina: descriptions of seven new species

Figures 67-72. Female of Akela scaloneta sp. nov. (paratype IBSI-Ar 1579). 67, Habitus dorsal. 68, Same, lateral. 69, Same, frontal. 70, Epigyne, ventral view. 71, Same, cleared. 72, Same, CD course detail.

Figures 73-79. 73-78 in Unveiling some unknown jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Argentina: descriptions of seven new species

Figures 73-79. 73-78, Male of Philira toroi sp. nov. (holotype IBSI-Ar 1709). 73, Habitus dorsal. 74, Same, lateral. 75, Same, frontal. 76, Left palp, ventral view. 77, Same, retrolateral. 78, Same, photo. 79, Same, Philira micans (IBSI-Ar 1564) for comparison.

Figures 62-66 in Unveiling some unknown jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Argentina: descriptions of seven new species

Figures 62-66. Male of Akela scaloneta sp. nov. (holotype IBSI-Ar 1838). 62, Habitus dorsal. 63, Same, lateral. 64, Same, frontal. 65, Left palp, ventral view. 66, Same, retrolateral.

Figures 55-61 in Unveiling some unknown jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Argentina: descriptions of seven new species

Figures 55-61. Female of Zygoballus chekokue sp. nov. (paratype IBSI-Ar 0638). 55, Habitus dorsal. 56, Same, frontal. 57, Same, lateral right. 58, Same, lateral left. 59, Epigyne, ventral view. 60, Same, cleared. 61, Same, photo.

Figures 46-49 in Unveiling some unknown jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Argentina: descriptions of seven new species

Figures 46-49. Female of Lumptibiella demagistrisi sp. nov. (paratype IBSI-Ar 1873). 46, Habitus dorsal. 47, Same, lateral. 48, Epigyne, ventral view. 49, Same, cleared.

Figures 50-54 in Unveiling some unknown jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Argentina: descriptions of seven new species

Figures 50-54. Male of Zygoballus chekokue sp. nov. (holotype IBSI-Ar 1592). 50, Habitus dorsal. 51, Same, dorsolateral. 52, Same, frontal. 53, Left palp, ventral view. 54, Same, retrolateral.