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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Datasets for figures in Implementation and evaluation of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature within non-urban environments in the Community Land Model version 5
<p>The files contain 4 scripts and 6 netcdf files. </p> <p>"laborCap_200400.ncl" uses "Lancet_LRF.nc" to create Figure 1.</p> <p>Script "world_plot_ensemble_Avg.I2000.csh", drives a NCL script, "plot_modern.I2000.WBGT.ncl" to make figures 3 and 4, using the netcdf files, "I2000_PR_22_x1_60_5.exceed.WBGT.20yrs.75_99.nc," "I2000_PR_22_x1_60_5.exceed.WBGT_BG_R.20yrs.75_99.nc," "I2000_PR_22_x1_60_5.exceed.WBGT_BC_R.20yrs.75_99.nc," and "I2000_PR_22_x1_60_5.exceed.WBGT_AC_R.20yrs.75_99.nc."</p> <p>"heatmap.wbgt.v4.org.ncl" uses netcdf "I2000_PR_23_Chicago_x1_60_1.11-17.Chicago.allvars.nc" to create figures 5-7. </p>
Native and exotic plants play different roles in urban pollination networks across seasons
<p>Datasets for 'Native and exotic plants play different roles in urban pollination networks across seasons' by Zaninotto et al. (2023) in Oecologia.</p>
[Raw data] Media Coverage of 3D Visual Tools Used in Urban Participatory Planning
<p>Raw information on the articles used for the publication: Media Coverage of 3D Visual Tools Used in Urban Participatory Planning</p>
Model results and configuration files for "Large modeling uncertainty in projecting decadal surface ozone changes over urban and industrial regions of China"
<p>This repository includes files as described below:</p> <p><strong>1. namelist_CBMZ09_example.input, namelist_MOZART202_example.input:</strong></p> <p>Two WRF-chem namelist files for CBMZ and MOZART simulation.</p> <p>They are modified according to the namelist from <a href="https://github.com/wrfchem-leeds/WRFotron">https://github.com/wrfchem-leeds/WRFotron</a>.</p> <p><strong>2. wps_namelist_example.wps:</strong></p> <p>namelist for WRF Preprocessing System (WPS)</p> <p><strong>3. temporal_hourly_scale_factor_emission.csv:</strong></p> <p>Hourly scale factors for emissions.</p> <p>Hourly allocation is applied to all emission data (i.e., emissions for 2017, 2030 and perturbated emissions of NOx, VOCs).</p> <p><strong>4. vertical_emission_ratio.csv</strong></p> <p>Vertical shares (ratios) of emissions.</p> <p>Emissions from sectors of power and industry are vertically allocated based on this file. Vertical allocation is conducted for all emission data.</p> <p>These shares are suggested by MICS-ASIA III intercomparison framework.</p> <p><strong>5. 01_2030_2017_simulations.zip: </strong></p> <p>Simulated MDA8 ozone under future (2030) and 2017 emission scenarios by the two chemical mechanisms (i.e., CBMZ, MOZART).</p> <p><strong>6. 02_perturbations_of_NOxVOCs.zip:</strong></p> <p>Simulated MDA8 ozone given perturbations of NOx and VOCs emissions by the two chemical mechanisms.</p> <p><strong>7. 03_hourly_diff_O3_NOx_OH_HNO3.zip: </strong></p> <p>Differences of hourly simulated concentrations of O3, NOx, OH and HNO3 during July in the Base-2017 scenario between CBMZ and MOZART (CBMZ - MOZART).</p>
Data on public perceptions of, attitudes towards, and values for managing urban green infrastructure for carbon, biodiversity, and well-being outcomes in Helsinki, Finland
<p>A public participatory GIS -survey dataset detailing public perceptions of, attitudes towards, and values for managing urban green infrastructure for carbon, biodiversity, and well-being outcomes in Helsinki, Finland.</p>
Data from: Complex climate-mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk
<p>This dataset comprises crowdsourced data using digitized herbarium specimen images from two comprehensively digitized regional floras; the Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria (CNH; <a href="http://portal.neherbaria.org/portal/">http://portal.neherbaria.org/portal/</a>) and Southeast Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC; <a href="http://sernecportal.org/portal/index.php">http://sernecportal.org/portal/index.php</a>) for 200 plant species in the eastern United States, and four reproductive phenophases (i.e., flowering, peak flowering, fruiting, and peak fruiting) extracted from the herbarium specimens with associated climate data from PRISM and human population density from US Census Bureau.</p>
Distribution of functionally distinct native and non-indigenous species within marine urban habitats
<p>This data file (.xls) is composed of 5 sheets:</p> <ol> <li>The “Taxon labels”: Taxon code, full name, authority and status/type (Abiotic, Unassigned, Native, Cryptogenic, Non-Indigenous Species)</li> <li>The “Trait labels”: Trait modality and labels and correspondences.</li> <li>The “Taxon-by-Trait matrix”: Fuzzy coded scores for each trait modality and taxon</li> <li>The “Taxon-by-sample matrix”: Abundance data of retained taxa in samples</li> <li>The “Sample labels and description”: Site and experimental factors (Habitat, Age, Experimental Unit, Replicate, nested within site) corresponding to each sample.</li> </ol> <p>Sheets 4 and 5 are extracted from a published dataset, which cannot be shared at this stage of revision without revealing the name of several of the manuscript authors. This is done in respect with the journal guidelines about data storage.</p>
Distribution of functionally distinct native and non-indigenous species within marine urban habitats
<p>This data file (.xls) is composed of 5 sheets:</p> <ol> <li>The “Taxon labels”: Taxon code, full name, authority and status/type (Abiotic, Unassigned, Native, Cryptogenic, Non-Indigenous Species)</li> <li>The “Trait labels”: Trait modality and labels and correspondences.</li> <li>The “Taxon-by-Trait matrix”: Fuzzy coded scores for each trait modality and taxon</li> <li>The “Taxon-by-sample matrix”: Abundance data of retained taxa in samples</li> <li>The “Sample labels and description”: Site and experimental factors (Habitat, Age, Experimental Unit, Replicate, nested within site) corresponding to each sample.</li> </ol> <p>Sheets 4 and 5 are extracted from a published dataset, which cannot be shared at this stage of revision without revealing the name of several of the manuscript authors. This is done in respect with the journal guidelines about data storage.</p>
Data part of the manuscript Anaerobic methanotrophy is stimulated by graphene oxide in a brackish urban canal sediment
<p>We surveyed three canals in the city of Amsterdam (Netherlands) for it methane emissions and potential to filter methane through anaerobic oxidation of methane in the canal sediment. To unravel the mechanisms involved we characterised the sediment geochemically. All data present in the manuscript is available in the Excel file.</p>
TOM.D: Taking Advantage of Microclimate Data for Urban Building Energy Modeling
<p>Data required to rebuild the study: "TOM.D: Taking Advantage of Microclimate Data for Urban Building Energy Modeling". In this dataset of New York City, one can find building footprints, monthly energy consumption data for each of these buildings, and matching / cleaned microclimate data from a variety of data sources which are referenced in the work. Among them, thermal infrared measurements may be found, climate models from NOAA and ERA5 may be found, and preprocessed vision systems from Google are used.</p>
Urban Traffic Simulation Data from Real Fusion Estimates
<p>The datasets contain vehicle data from the simulation of the city center of Guimarães. The simulation was created using data collected from real sensor data, thus, providing an accurate view of the traffic flows. The data contains route information, fuel consumption, emissions, driving distance, and the amount of time each vehicle is stopped.</p>
Global Urban Precipitation Anomalies
<p>This research reports the global urban precipitation anomalies for over one thousand cities worldwide. We provide the shapefiles of one urban domain and three rural domains (of different distances from the urban edges) for each city. The precipitation data include the mean daily precipitation, extreme precipitation magnitude, and extreme precipitation frequency in the urban and rural domains between 2001 and 2019 based on the IMERG precipitation dataset. Besides, data about mean elevation, wind, land surface temperature, aerosol optical thickness, and urbanization are also provided.</p>
UBGG-3m: Fine-grained urban blue-green-gray landscape dataset for 36 Chinese cities based on deep learning network
<p>The UBGG dataset provides easily access and leverage to researchers and analysts, which is stored in the following Zenodo repository (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8053333">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8352777</a>). The UBGG dataset consists of two main components:</p> <ul> <li><strong>UBGG-3m: the fine-grained UBGG map product of 36 metropolises in China.</strong> The UBGG-3m dataset captures the intricate urban landscape features with remarkable precision, providing a detailed representation at an impressive 3-meter resolution. Fig. 1 in User Guides shows the classification results for 36 Chinese metropolises. Researchers can delve into the nuances of the UBGG continuum, gaining invaluable insights into the interplay between the blue, green, and gray elements of urban environments in each metropolis.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><strong>UBGGset:</strong> <strong>the large-volume sample dataset to support the UBGG deep learning research.</strong> Complementing the UBGG-3m dataset, UBGGset serves as a large-volume sample dataset specifically tailored to support and foster UBGG research endeavors (Fig. 2). The UBGGset consists of 14,627 sample images (without data augmentation), with dimensions of 256 pixels in length and width, covering an urban area of approximately 2,272 km<sup>2</sup>. The UBGGset was constructed with co-registered pairs of 3 m Planet images and fine-annotated urban landscapes labeled on 1 m Google Earth image. This dataset encompasses 15 typical cities, offering researchers a rich and diverse resource to drive exploration, analysis, and innovation in the field of urban landscape studies.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Citation format for paper and dataset:</strong></p> <p>[1] Zhiyu Xu, Shuqing Zhao. Fine-grained urban blue-green-gray landscape dataset for 36 Chinese cities based on deep learning network. <em>Sci Data</em> 11, 266 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02844-2</p> <p>[2] Zhiyu Xu, Shuqing Zhao, Fine-grained urban landscape mapping reveals broad-scale homogeneity in urban environments,<br>Science Bulletin, (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.060</p> <p>[3] Zhiyu Xu, Shuqing Zhao. UBGG-3m: Fine-grained urban blue-green-gray landscape dataset for 36 Chinese cities based on deep learning network (v1.0) [Data set]. (2023). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8352777</p>
HeatResilientCity II - work package 2.2: Influence of regional and urban climate on indoor overheating - Results of building performance simulation
<p>This repository contains the <strong>results of the building performance simulations</strong> carried out in the working package 2.2 Influence of regional and urban climate on indoor overheating of the project <a href="http://heatresilientcity.de/">HeatResilientCity II</a>. The buildings under consideration are a multi-residential so-called ‘Gründerzeithaus’ (GZH) and a large-panel construction (LPC) building. The results were extracted for two rooms on the top floor/attic of each building and follow a consistent name convention. Each file contains hourly resolved values for the outdoor air temperature, the indoor air temperature, the indoor operative temperature and the relative humidity indoors and outdoors. Further information can be found in the README of this repository. The simulations were performed for five <strong>different</strong> <strong>regions</strong> in Germany (Dresden, Hamburg, Köln, Stuttgart and Potsdam) for <strong>average present</strong> and <strong>future</strong> <strong>summers</strong> based on meteorological measurement data and under consideration of <strong>urban</strong> <strong>climate</strong>.</p> <p>In addition to the ‘plain’ simulation results, some <strong>heat-indicator variables</strong> were calculated and listed in the files <em>Calculated_Variables.txt</em>. The calculated quantities include temperature-weighted exceedance hours (TWEH) for the limits of 25, 26 and 27 °C (defined in DIN 4108-2:2013 as ‘Übertemperaturgradstunden’) and the maximum operative temperature calculated for the period from April to September.</p> <p>The used <strong>input data</strong> and <strong>building models</strong> can be found in the related repository.</p>
Urbanization and fragmentation have opposing effects on soil nitrogen availability in temperate forest ecosystems.
Nitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand has been declining in recent years in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world, a phenomenon known as N oligotrophication. The temperate forests of the northeastern U.S. have experienced a particularly steep decline in bioavailable N, which is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. This region has also experienced rapid urban expansion in recent decades that leads to forest fragmentation, and it is unknown whether and how these changes affect N availability and uptake by forest trees. Many studies have examined the impact of either urbanization or forest fragmentation on nitrogen (N) cycling, but none to our knowledge have focused on the combined effects of these co-occurring environmental changes. We examined the effects of urbanization and fragmentation on oak-dominated (Quercus spp.) forests along an urban to rural gradient from Boston to central Massachusetts (MA). At eight study sites along the urbanization gradient, plant and soil measurements were made along a 90 m transect from a developed edge to an intact forest interior. Rates of net ammonification, net mineralization, and foliar N concentrations were significantly higher in urban than rural sites, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were not different between urban and rural forests. At urban sites, foliar N and net ammonification and mineralization were higher at forest interiors compared to edges, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were higher at rural forest edges than interiors. These results indicate that urban forests in the northeastern U.S. have greater soil N availability and N uptake by trees compared to rural forests, counteracting the trend for widespread N oligotrophication in temperate forests around the globe. Such increases in available N are diminished at forest edges, however, demonstrating that forest fragmentation has the opposite effect of urbanization on coupled N availability and demand by trees.
Data in Support of Effects of Urbanization and Forest Fragmentation on Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs and Ambient Nitrogen Oxide and Ozone Concentrations in Mixed Temperate Forests.
Urban ecosystems around the globe experience greater atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition compared to rural areas and are particularly vulnerable to fragmentation due to land-use change. However, while the influences of urbanization and forest fragmentation on atmospheric inputs to temperate forests have been determined separately, the combined effects of the two changes on temperate forest ecosystems have yet to be assessed. To investigate these combined effects, we deployed throughfall collectors to measure atmospheric N inputs and passive samplers to measure nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) throughout the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons in seven temperate forest sites along an urbanization gradient from Boston to central Massachusetts. We found a positive relationship between the amount of impervious surface area surrounding each site (% ISA) and throughfall nitrate (NO3-) inputs at the forest edge, with urban edge NO3- inputs nearly double the rate at rural edge sites. There were higher rates of NO3- inputs in the rural forest interior than edge sites. Urban sites experienced significantly higher concentrations of NOx and O3 both in the interior and at the edge compared to rural sites. Atmospheric N inputs were significantly elevated in the early (May-July) compared to the late (August-November) growing season and concentrations of NOx and O3 were also elevated in the mid-growing season (June-September). Our results demonstrate that together, urbanization and forest fragmentation lead to greater rates of atmospheric N inputs and ambient pollutant concentrations of NOx and O3 in temperate forests of the northeastern U.S.
Comparison of Urban-Rural Tree Growth Response to Climate in the Eastern U.S. for the years 1990-2014
Climate is an important driver of tree growth in forests of the eastern U.S. Urbanization can augment the growing conditions of trees in ways that could change the sensitivity of radial growth to climate stressors such as excessive heat and water stress. This dataset include tree ring chronologies (1990-2014) in the form of basal area increment for canopy oak and maples trees from paired urban and nearby rural reference forest sites in Baltimore, Maryland, New York City, New York, and Boston, Massachusetts. Also included are metrics of heat stress and water stress from 1990-2014.
Aquatic Insect Adult Metals Dataset: Urban and Forested Watersheds in the Piedmont of NC - 2021-2022
This dataset reports concentrations of 6 target trace metals (copper, zinc, nickel, lead, chromium, and selenium) in unfiltered water, emergent aquatic adult insects (by family), biofilm mats (predominately algae), and tree roots submerged under stream water. Biological and water samples were collected from three streams in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA: a wastewater dominated site (Ellerbe Creek, near the USGS gage at Glen Road ), a stormwater dominated site (Ellerbe Creek, near the USGS gage on Club Blvd), and a stream draining a predominately forested watershed (New Hope Creek, near a StreamPULSE site at Hollow Rock Preserve). This data was submitted for publication in a manuscript that explores how metals are transported by aquatic emergent insects from stream ecosystems into terrestrial food webs.
Field data for seasonal synoptic sampling of 100 urban streams in Boston, Massachusetts (USA) from 2021-2022
This dataset contains field measurements taken during water sampling from 100 urban stream locations in the greater Boston, Massachusetts (USA) metropolitan area. Field collection took place during four synoptic sampling events (September 2021, November 2021, April 2022, and July 2022) to capture spatial and seasonal variation in stream conditions (specific conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH). Filtered stream samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon concentration and characteristics, available in a separate dataset. These data were collected as part of the Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry (CURB) Project. Detailed field data and site data are published separately and can be linked using the “curbid” and “synoptic_event” columns in each dataset.
High-frequency water quality data for three urban streams in Boston, MA (USA), 2021-2022
This dataset contains high-frequency water quality data for three urban stream locations in the great Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. Multiparameter sondes with sensors to measure temperature, pH, specific conductivity, optical dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and optical brighteners (OB) were deployed from 23 November 2021 to 20 December 2022. Data were collected at 15-minute intervals.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.