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518 results for “useful plants”
Data from: Use of an exotic host plant reduces viral burden in a native insect herbivore
<p>Incorporation of exotic plants into the diets of native herbivores is a common phenomenon, influencing interactions with natural enemies and providing insight into the tritrophic costs and benefits of dietary expansion. We evaluated how use of an exotic plant, <em>Plantago lanceolata</em>, impacted immune performance, development, and susceptibility to pathogen infection in the neotropical herbivore<em> Anartia jatrophae</em> (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Caterpillars were reared on <em>P. lanceolata</em> or a native plant, <em>Bacopa monnieri</em>, and experimentally infected with a pathogenic virus, Junonia coenia densovirus. We found that virus-challenged herbivores exhibited higher survival rates and lower viral burdens when reared on <em>P. lanceolata</em> compared to <em>B. monnieri</em>, though immune performance and development time were largely similar on the two plants. These findings reveal that use of an exotic plant can impact the vulnerability of a native herbivore to pathogen infection, suggesting diet-mediated protection against disease as a potential mechanism facilitating the incorporation of novel resources.</p>
Data for: Using environmental DNA to investigate avian interactions with flowering plant
<p>Animal pollination is an important and highly valued ecosystem function and the role of birds as pollinators is increasingly acknowledged. However, such interactions can be challenging to document and often require extensive field programs. Over the last decade, environmental DNA (eDNA) has been analysed from several different contemporary sample types such as water, soil, flowers, and air. The applications of these studies include biodiversity monitoring, detection of endangered species, community compositions, and, more recently, flower-arthropod interactions. However, it remains unknown whether flower-eDNA is applicable to other taxonomic groups interacting with plants, as well as the deposition and degradation of eDNA on flowers. Here, we test whether eDNA from flowers can be used for detecting bird pollinators. In a controlled environment (an aviary with great tits [<em>Parus major</em>]), we show that birds leave significant traces of DNA on the flowers without observed visits (airborne eDNA). We further show that when birds had been in contact with the flowers, DNA concentrations increased to levels significantly higher than airborne background DNA. Subsequently, we sampled five clusters of wild flowers in Papua New Guinea and detected four species of birds, two of which are nectar-feeders, and one that is an insectivorous species known to visit flowers. These four bird species were regularly seen in the area and caught in mist-nets in the days prior to sampling of the flowers. In total, 29 bird species were recorded (18 mist-netted) in the area and of these eight are nectarivorous. Our quantitative approach suggests that it is possible to distinguish airborne background bird DNA deposited on flowers from actual flower visits of birds in the wild, although this might be highly context specific. Our findings are of broad interest within research on ecosystem functioning, biotic interactions, and plant-animal mutualism.</p>
Island area and remoteness shape plant and soil bacterial diversity through land use and biological invasion
<p>Biodiversity is declining dramatically due to human-driven land use change and biological invasion, but our knowledge of how such drivers influence plant and heterotroph diversity on island ecosystems remains limited. Historically island biogeography theory has focused solely on the direct effects of island size and remoteness on biodiversity, but these factors can also indirectly affect species gain and/or loss by impacting land use change and biological invasion. We built the structural equation model to explore the direct effects of island size and remoteness, and indirect effects of these factors via land use intensity and pinewood nematode invasion, on the diversity of plants and soil bacteria across 37 continental shelf islands in the largest land-bridge archipelago in eastern China.</p> <p>As expected we found that increasing island area directly promoted plant diversity. However, land use intensity increased with island area which also promoted plant diversity, and loss of pine forest by the pinewood nematode invasion increased with island remoteness which reduced plant diversity. Island remoteness only indirectly reduced plant diversity through increasing pine forest loss. Soil bacterial diversity was directly negatively impacted by island remoteness, and indirectly negatively impacted by island remoteness through increased soil electrical conductivity likely caused by greater salinity from sea spray. Furthermore, soil bacterial diversity was indirectly promoted by island area through increased plant diversity and decreased soil electrical conductivity, and indirectly reduced by pine forest loss through decreased plant diversity. Our findings highlight that island biogeography theory has relevance to understanding human impacts in the Anthropocene, and that there is a need to more explicitly recognize how island size and remoteness affect biodiversity not only directly, but also indirectly via their effects on human-induced drivers of biodiversity, such as land use change and biological invasion.</p>
Analyzing defense-in-depth properties of nuclear power plant instrumentation and control system architectures using ontologies
<p>A proof-of-concept OWL ontology for representing knowledge over nuclear overall instrumentation & control (I&C) system architectures, and two case studies built around a proposed US variant of the European Pressurized Water Reactor and the NuScale Small Modular Reactor.</p>
Plant water use strategies predict restoration success across degraded drylands
<ul> <li>Plant strategies for coping with water limitation are likely to mediate restoration outcomes in degraded dryland ecosystems. Tradeoffs in traits related to water acquisition and use can intensify in more arid environments, making their effects on dryland restoration success even more salient. However, isolating the effects of drought responses from those of other environmental factors, as well as identifying the specific drought resistance traits that influence restoration success, can be difficult.</li> <li>In the present study, we couple a controlled dry-down experiment with a cross-site restoration field trial of out-planted seedlings (RestoreNet) using a suite of dryland herbaceous plant species from the same seed sources. We quantified interspecific variation in physiological responses to drought, specifically reductions in stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>) and stem water potential (SWP), by comparing well-watered control plants to those experiencing decreasing soil moisture.</li> <li>Drought responses of SWP and g<sub>s</sub> varied independently among species, but both were related to survival in the cross-site restoration field trial when effect sizes were aggregated across all sites. Responses were consistent with acquisitive water use strategies resulting in greater success, where species with greater declines in SWP or weaker declines in g<sub>s</sub> under drought had greater survival. The correlation between SWP drought response and survival also intensified in sites with lower accumulated precipitation following restoration.</li> <li>Differences among functional groups revealed two different paths to restoration success: forbs that maintain high g<sub>s</sub> and narrow safety margins to maximize exploitation of moisture pulses before going into drought dormancy, or C<sub>4</sub> grasses that maintain efficient water uptake in drying soils while risking cavitation. C<sub>3</sub> grass species varied between these two strategies.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Taken together, the results of this study and others conducted at RestoreNet sites indicate that while a diversity of physiological responses to drought may exist in dryland plant communities, successfully restoring herbaceous species through out-planting in degraded conditions is likely to be achieved with species that maximize water uptake via one of two strategies, with tolerance of low SWP being particularly important in the most arid settings.</li> </ul>
Estimating global GPP from the plant functional type perspective using a machine learning approach
<p><span>The long-term monitoring of gross primary production (GPP) is crucial to the assessment of the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, a well-known machine learning model (Random Forest, RF) is established to reconstruct the global GPP dataset named ECGC_GPP. The model distinguished nine functional plant types, including C3 and C4 crops, using eddy fluxes, meteorological variables, and leaf area index as training data of the RF model. Based on ERA5_Land and the corrected GEOV2 data, the global monthly GPP dataset at a 0.05-degree resolution from 1999 to 2019 was estimated. The results showed that the RF model could explain 74.81% of the monthly variation of GPP in the testing dataset, of which the average contribution of Leaf Area Index (LAI) reached 41.73%. The average annual and standard deviation of GPP during 1999–2019 were 117.14 ± 1.51 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup>, with an upward trend of 0.21 Pg C yr<sup>-2</sup> (<em>p</em> < 0.01). By using the plant functional type classification, the underestimation of cropland is improved. Therefore, ECGC_GPP provides reasonable global spatial patterns and long-term trends of annual GPP.</span></p>
Does pre-sorting by colour using visible and high-energy violet light improve the detection of plant species in honey bee pollen baskets?
<div class="article-section__content en main"> Premise <p>Pollen collected by honey bees from different plant species often differs in color, and this has been used as a basis for plant identification. The objective of this study was to develop a new, low-cost protocol to sort pollen pellets by color using high-energy violet light and visible light to determine whether pollen pellet color is associated with variations in plant species identity.</p> Methods and Results <p>We identified 35 distinct colors and found that 52% of pollen subsamples (<em>n</em> = 200) were dominated by a single taxon. Among these near-pure pellets, only one color consistently represented a single pollen taxon (Asteraceae: Cichorioideae). Across the spectrum of colors spanning yellows, oranges, and browns, similarly colored pollen pellets contained pollen from multiple plant families ranging from two to 13 families per color.</p> Conclusions <p>Sorting pollen pellets illuminated under high-energy violet light lit from four directions within a custom-made light box aided in distinguishing pellet composition, especially in pellets within the same color.</p> </div>
Patterns of host plant use do not explain mushroom body expansion in Heliconiini butterflies
<p>The selective pressures leading to the elaboration of downstream, integrative processing centres, such as the mammalian neocortex or insect mushroom bodies, are often unclear. In <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies, the mushroom bodies are three to four times larger than their Heliconiini, and the largest known in Lepidoptera. Heliconiini lay almost exclusively on <em>Passiflora</em>, which exhibit a remarkable diversity of leaf shape, and it has been suggested that the mushroom body expansion of <em>Heliconius</em> may have been driven by the cognitive demands of recognising and learning the leaf shapes of local host plants. We test this hypothesis using two complementary methods: i) phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether variation in mushroom body size is associated with the morphological diversity of host plants exploited across the Heliconiini; and ii) shape learning experiments using six Heliconiini species. We found that variation in the range of leaf morphologies used by Heliconiini was not associated with mushroom body volume. Similarly, we find interspecific differences in shape learning ability, but <em>Heliconius</em> are not overall better shape learners than other Heliconiini. Together these results suggest that the visual recognition and learning of host plants was not a main factor driving the diversity of mushroom body size in this tribe.</p>
Novel cropping system strategies in China can increase plant protein with higher economic value but lower greenhouse gas emissions and water use
<p> This database contains the average crop residue, manure nitrogen, manure organic carbon, net greenhouse gas emissions, and cropland area for 17 cropping systems at prefecture level during the period 2014-2018. In addition, it contained the changes of net greenhouse gas emissions caused by the optimization at prefecture level and province level.</p> <p> We also shared the key code for optimizing cropping systems at prefecture level and provided the all data. Users can run it the Matlab platform.</p>
Traditional knowledge of wild plant species used in the southern part of Wadi Araba desert in South-West Jordan
<p>This data set provides documentation of traditional knowledge of using native plants in the Wadi Araba desert. The uses for grazing, firewood, food, and medicine. The information was obtained using a survey. </p>
Datasets related to the Eggsplorer rapid plant–insect resistance determination tool, using an automated whitefly egg quantification algorithm
<p>These datasets support the data provided directly in the scientific publication titled "Eggsplorer: a rapid plant–insect resistance determination tool using an automated whitefly egg quantification algorithm", published in the <a href="https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13007-023-01027-9#Abs1">BMC Plant Methods journal</a>. </p> <p>The figures and tables included in the datasets highlight various materials and methods employed to build a proof-of-concept of the Eggsplorer tool. These included whitefly assays, leaf image acquisitions, an automatic egg quantification algorithm, image pre-processing, object detection and image stitching, detection post-processing, algorithm evaluation and software programming.</p> <p>The provided figures and tables in the datasets are further discussed and interpreted in detail, as well as their subsequent results, in the scientific publication.</p> <p>This research was conducted within the VIRTIGATION project, which is part of the EU Open Research Data pilot. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101000570.</p>
Evaluation of local movement of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and tomato severe rugose virus transmission to tomato plants using labeled and unlabeled whiteflies
<p>The data presents the effects of two types of labels on whiteflies' behavior. Besides, it shows the flight distances at close range and ToSRV transmission.</p>
A biorefinery model for the production of oil and biomethane using castor plants
<p>This study investigated the effects of two nitrogen fertilization levels on seed and oil yield, and the biomethane production from castor husks residue. A biological pretreatment using two white rot fungi was adopted to reduce the lignin content of capsule husks and enhance biomethane production. The study aimed to highlight the potential of castor plants as energy crops using a biorefinery approach to produce biodiesel from the oil and biomethane from the residual biomass in order to reduce agricultural waste.</p>
Data from: Species-specific variation in germination rates contributes to spatial coexistence more than adult plant water use in four closely-related annual flowering plants
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Species occurrence locations and environmental parameters used for predicting the potential planting regions of Pterocarpus santalinus
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The use of plant, bacterial and fungal resources in soil food webs of ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhiza-dominated deciduous forests
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Eighty-four per cent of all Amazonian arboreal plant individuals are useful to humans
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Balancing water yield and water use efficiency between planted and natural forests: A global analysis
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Island area and remoteness shape plant and soil bacterial diversity through land use and biological invasion
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Can polyploidy confer invasive plants with a wider climatic tolerance? A test using Solidago canadensis
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ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.