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Figure 64 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 64: Electrofishing from boat (left) and by wading (right).

Figure 45 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 45: Diversity of Salmo spp recorded in Projet Lac.

Figure 69 b in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 69 b

Figure 48 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 48: The three forms of Salvelinus in Swiss lakes described by Konrad Gessner in 1575.

Figure 57 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 57: Extremes of variation in fin colour in Perca fluviatilis within and among lakes.

Figure 60 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 60: An example of a littoral habitat map from Lake Bret.

Figure 2 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 2: Example of the distribution of sampling actions throughout a lake (Constance Untersee).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Estimation of sulfuric acid concentrations using ambient ion composition and concentration data obtained by ion mass spectrometry measurements (APi-TOF)

The dataset has been used to estimate the sulfuric acid concentration from APi-TOF data. Using the bisulfate ion, the sulfuric acid molecule clustered with the bisulfate ion (dimer) and the trimer, we were able to determine the daytime concentration of sulfuric acid with the concentration of ambient ions, including the condensation sink, ion-ion recombination and collision rate of HSO4- with H2SO4.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Data from: Landscape composition and life-history traits influence bat movement and space use: analysis of 30 years of published telemetry data

Aim: Animal movement determines home range patterns, which in turn affect individual fitness, population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Using temperate bats, a group of particular conservation concern, we investigated how morphological traits, habitat specialization and environmental variables affect home range sizes and daily foraging movements, using a compilation of 30 years of published bat telemetry data. Location: Northern America and Europe. Time period: 1988 – 2016. Major taxa studied: Bats. Methods: We compiled data on home range size and mean daily distance between roosts and foraging areas at both colony and individual levels from 166 studies of 3,129 radiotracked individuals of 49 bat species. We calculated multi-scale habitat composition and configuration in the surrounding landscapes of the 165 studied roosts. Using mixed models, we examined the effects of habitat availability and spatial arrangement on bat movements, while accounting for body mass, aspect ratio, wing loading and habitat specialization. Results: We found a significant effect of landscape composition on home range size and mean daily distance at both colony and individual levels. On average, home ranges were up to 42% smaller in the most habitat-diversified landscapes while mean daily distances were up to 30% shorter in the most forested landscapes. Bat home range size significantly increased with body mass, wing aspect ratio and wing loading, and decreased with habitat specialization. Main conclusions: Promoting bat movements through the landscape surrounding roosts at large spatial scales is crucial for bat conservation. Forest loss and overall landscape homogenization lead temperate bats to fly farther to meet their ecological requirements, by increasing home range sizes and daily foraging distances. Both processes might be more detrimental for smaller, habitat-specialized bats, less able to travel increasingly longer distances to meet their diverse needs.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Nectar values from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens

Residential gardens are a valuable habitat for insect pollinators worldwide, but differences in individual gardening practices substantially affect their floral composition. It is important to understand how the floral resource supply of gardens varies in both space and time so we can develop evidence-based management recommendations to support pollinator conservation in towns and cities. We surveyed 59 residential gardens in the city of Bristol, UK, at monthly intervals from March to October. For each of 472 garden surveys, we combined floral abundances with nectar sugar data to quantify the nectar production of each garden, investigating the magnitude, temporal stability, and diversity and composition of garden nectar supplies. We found that individual gardens differ markedly in the quantity of nectar sugar they supply (from 2 g to 1662 g), and nectar production is higher in more affluent neighbourhoods, but not in larger gardens. Nectar supply peaks in July (mid-summer), when more plant taxa are in flower, but temporal patterns vary among individual gardens. At larger spatial scales, temporal variability averages out through the portfolio effect, meaning insect pollinators foraging across many gardens in urban landscapes have access to a relatively stable and continuous supply of nectar through the year. Turnover in species composition among gardens leads to an extremely high overall plant richness, with 636 taxa recorded flowering. The nectar supply is dominated by non-natives, which provide 91% of all nectar sugar, while shrubs are the main plant life form contributing to nectar production (58%). Two thirds of nectar sugar is only available to relatively specialised pollinators, leaving just one third that is accessible to all. Synthesis and applications. By measuring nectar supply in residential gardens, our study demonstrates that pollinator-friendly management, affecting garden quality, is more important than the size of a garden, giving every gardener an opportunity to contribute to pollinator conservation in urban areas. For gardeners interested in increasing the value of their land to foraging pollinators we recommend planting nectar-rich shrubs with complementary flowering periods and prioritising flowers with an open structure in late summer and autumn.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Data from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Year-round observations of stable carbon isotopic composition of diacids and related compounds in fine aerosols at Tianjin, North China – Data set

To better understand the origins and photochemical processing of water-soluble organic aerosols in the Tianjin region, North China, we studied the stable isotopic composition (δ13C) of diacids, oxoacids, α-dicarbonyls, citric acid and fatty acids in fine aerosols (PM2.5) collected at an urban (Nankai District, ND; n = 121) and a suburban (Haihe Education Park, HEP; n = 40) sites in Tianjin from 5 July 2018 to 4 July 2019. The δ13C of diacids and related compounds were measured using a capillary gas chromatography (Agilent 7890B) coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-irMS) system. Based on seasonal variations in δ13C of selected species and linear relations with their concentrations and mass ratios, we found that the diacids and related compounds were mainly derived from fossil fuel including coal combustion and biomass burning and photochemical processing, preferably in gaseous- and aqueous-phases in warm (March-September) and cold (October-February) periods, respectively, in Tianjin, North China.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Influence of variable conditions of microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment on the composition of biomass and its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis.

The results of the first stage of research concerning the influence of variable process conditions of microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment with the use of NaCS on the composition of biomass of various origins, the level of extractivity and susceptibility to hydrolysis. The work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant No. 2020/37/B/NZ9/00372.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Chemical composition of microplastics floating on the surface of the Mediterranean Sea

This dataset describes the types and proportions of the different microplastic types in samples collected from the surface waters during the Tara Mediterranean expedition in 2014. The main polymers identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy were poly(ethylene) (67.3 ± 2.4%), poly(propylene) (20.8 ± 2.1%) and poly(styrene) (3.0 ± 0.9%). N

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Not all trees can make a forest: tree species composition and competition control forest encroachment in a tropical savanna

Forest encroachment into savannas is a widespread phenomenon, the rate of which may depend on soil conditions, species composition, or changes in stand structure. As savanna specialist trees are replaced by generalist species, rates of stand development may increase. Because generalists can persist in forests, they are likely to grow more quickly and survive longer in dense stands, compared to savanna specialists. Furthermore, the faster growth rates of generalists may allow them to overtop and outcompete savanna specialists, causing rapid species turnover. We measured growth and survival of 6147 individuals of 112 species of savanna and generalist tree species over a period of 10 years in an ecological reserve in Assis, São Paulo State, Brazil. We modeled growth and mortality as a function of soil texture and nutrients, tree size, competitive neighborhood, and membership in savanna or generalist (species which can persist in forests and savannas) functional groups. Tree growth and survival was strongly influenced by competition, as estimated by the basal area of trees taller than a focal tree. At the stand level, savanna species are unable to contribute basal area growth in closed stands, while generalist species continue to increase in basal area even at high stand basal area. This phenomenon is driven by differences in growth and mortality. Generalists grew faster than savanna species, both in height and diameter. This difference in growth rates led to savanna species becoming suppressed more rapidly than generalists. When suppressed, savanna species were more than twice as likely to die than were generalists. Soils had inconsistent and mostly weak effects which were difficult to separate from gradients of stand structure. Synthesis: We demonstrate that the presence of generalist trees accelerates rates of basal area accumulation due to their greater growth rates and tolerance of shading. Generalists outcompete savanna trees by growing faster in the open and overtopping savanna specialists. Due to the slow growth and high mortality of savanna species in the shade, they are unable to form closed-canopy stands. Accounting for differences among functional types and development of vegetation structure is critical for modeling forest encroachment.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Homogenized anisotropic thermal conductivity on microstructure of binary composite with thermally imperfect diffuse interface

This dataset contains supplementary data and utilities of the publication "A diffuse-interface model of anisotropic interface thermal conductivity and its application in thermal homogenization of composites" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114537">Yang, 2022</a>). We performed thermal homogenization on microstructures with three types of inclusion geometries, in which ones with oval-shaped and fiber-shaped inclusions were read from characterized/generated digital microstructures, and ones with irregular-shaped inclusions were imported from the phase-field additive manufacturing simulations <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/gamm.202100017">(Zhou, 2021)</a>. Si-Hf-N was chosen as the composite material system with β-Si3N4 as the sole matrix phase and HfN as the sole inclusion phase. Direct homogenization method with the linear temperature BCs (see Supplementary Note 3 of the publication) was adopted. This dataset documents homogenized anisotropic thermal conductivity of corresponding microstructure as a tensor with normalized interface thermal resistance varying from 10-8 to 1012. Voxelized digital microstructures and utilities for visualizing the overall thermal anisotropy are also attached. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Properties</td> <td>Value</td> <td>Dimension</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>\(k_\mathrm{(i)}\)</td> <td>90</td> <td>\(\mathrm{W~m^{-1}~K^{-1}}\)</td> <td>Thermal conductivity of HfN inclusion (<a href="https://10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100256">Li, 2020</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>\(k_\mathrm{(m)}\)</td> <td>180</td> <td>\(\mathrm{W~m^{-1}~K^{-1}}\)</td> <td>Thermal conductivity of β-Si3N4 matrix (<a href="https://10.1016/s0955-2219(98)00258-1">Li, 1999</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>\(\ell\)</td> <td>5</td> <td>\(\mathrm{nm}\)</td> <td>Diffuse interface width</td> </tr> <tr> <td>\((X,Y,Z)\)</td> <td>(500,500,500)</td> <td>\(\mathrm{nm}\)</td> <td>Simulation domain size</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Notice: The digital microstructure has been voxelized, which can be loaded by default as a 200x200x200 numpy array (see utilities.ipynb). In order to perform the homogenization, interface smoothening is required, i.e., to generate diffuse interfaces. In this work, we smoothened the interface by operating transient Allen-Cahn calculation with finite timesteps. See Supplementary Note 4 of the publication for more information.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Project files provided as supporting information to the manuscript "Membrane binding of pore-forming gamma-hemolysin components studied at different lipid compositions"

Project files provided as supporting information to the manuscript "Membrane binding of pore-forming gamma-hemolysin components studied at different lipid compositions" The dataset contains the following folders: - number_of_contacts: files with the number of contacts between the rim domains of LukF and Hlg2 and the membrane, for different bilayer compositions (Fig. 2). - binding_events: files with the duration of the time interavals in which LukF and Hlg2 are bound to the membrane, and the scripts used to compute for each system the number of binding/unbinding events and the average membrane residence time (Fig. 3). - electrostatic_potential: files of the surface electrostatic potential produced with the adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann solver and used for visualization with Chimera (Fig. 4). - angles: files with the angle values computed between the protein axis and the z-axis of the simulation box (Fig. 5). - contacts_per_residue: files with the number of frames in which each protein residue is in contact with the membrane, with respect to the total number of frames in which the rim domain interacts with the bilayer (Fig. 5). - distance_protein_membrane: files with the minimum distance between the protein and the membrane (Fig. 6). - binding_sites: file produced by PyLipid with relevant information on the main DOPC binding sites identified in LukF. - min_distance_per_residue: files with the minimum distance between each protein residue and the membrane, computed at the binding steps (Fig. S5).

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Parasitic trophic mode of plant host affects the extent of colonization, but does not induce systematic shifts in the composition of foliar endophytic assemblages in temperate meadow ecosystems

1. Foliar endophytic bacteria and fungi are increasingly being recognized as important drivers of plant host phenotype – affecting a wide range of eco-physiological processes. However, we are still lacking fundamental ecosystem-level knowledge about the structure, function, and inter-species interactions in endophytic assemblages associated with plant hosts sharing a common life strategy or ecological specialization. 2. In this study, we chose two groups of plants with contrasting physiology as model systems: parasites and their hosts. We assessed whether plant life history strategy, namely differences in nutrient acquisition and accumulation, plays a role in structuring above-ground microbiomes under field conditions. 3. We focused on the structure, colonization extent, and potential function of foliar endophytic bacteria and fungi in three root hemiparasitic species (Orobanchaceae), one stem holoparasite (Convolvulaceae), and their potential host plants co-occurring in species-rich temperate grassland ecosystems. For this purpose, we combined next generation amplicon sequencing with quantitative real-time PCR, chemical analyses of leaf tissue, and, in the case of bacteria, functional predictions using information deposited in available databases. 4. We found the foliar endophytic assemblages to be diverse, dominated by generalist taxa, but highly similar across all studied species. Despite of the highly contrasting leaf tissue chemistry in the parasitic and non-parasitic plant species, the parasitic trophic mode did not induce systematic shifts in the diversity, composition, or predicted biogeochemical function of the endophytic microbiomes under field conditions. However, compared to their potential hosts, leaves of both hemiparasitic and holoparasitic species harbored significantly lower fungal counts, estimated as ß-actin gene copies ng DNA-1, which suggests that parasitic plants may possess mechanisms to regulate the extent of colonization by endophytic fungi.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Figure e-1.- Effect of APOE alleles on cognitive domain-specific composite measures.

Supplemental Figure of our original article "Association of APOE Genotype with Heterogeneity of Cognitive Decline Rate in Alzheimer's Disease" published in Neurology showing model 1-based trajectories of cognitive domain-specific composite measures by APOE genotype, as well as the difference of the APOEe2 and APOEe4 groups with respect to the APOEe3/e3 reference group.